{"id":25521912,"date":"2022-04-24T12:29:50","date_gmt":"2022-04-24T06:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?p=25521912"},"modified":"2022-04-24T12:29:50","modified_gmt":"2022-04-24T06:59:50","slug":"kushan-empire-founder-kings-upsc-notes-pdf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kushan-empire-founder-kings-upsc-notes-pdf\/","title":{"rendered":"Kushan Empire &#8211; Founder, Kings, UPSC Notes PDF"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d30f5027910\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d30f5027910\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kushan-empire-founder-kings-upsc-notes-pdf\/#KUSHAN_EMPIRE_FOUNDER\" >KUSHAN EMPIRE: FOUNDER<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kushan-empire-founder-kings-upsc-notes-pdf\/#KUSHAN_EMPIRE_KINGS\" >KUSHAN EMPIRE: KINGS<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>The\u00a0<b>Kushan Empire<\/b>\u00a0was a syncretic\u00a0empire, formed by the\u00a0Yuezhi, in the\u00a0Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to surround most of the present areas of Afghanistan,\u00a0Pakistan, and\u00a0northern India,<sup id=\"cite_ref-17\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-18\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200929,_318\u2013350_19-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0at least as far as\u00a0Saketa\u00a0and\u00a0Sarnath\u00a0near\u00a0Varanasi (Benares), where engravings have been found dating to the era of the Kushan Emperor, Kanishka the Great.<sup id=\"cite_ref-23\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25518496 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"345\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1.png 345w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-96x96.png 96w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The Kushans were most probably one of five branches of the\u00a0Yuezhi alliance, <sup id=\"cite_ref-24\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-liu156_25-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>an\u00a0Indo-European migrant\u00a0people of possible Tocharian origin,\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-Narain_26-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Beckwith_380_27-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-Pulleyblank_28-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-EOIC_29-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-TCHAC_30-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>who migrated from northwestern China (Xinjiang and Gansu) and settled in ancient\u00a0Bactria.<sup id=\"cite_ref-liu156_25-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0The founder of the dynasty,\u00a0Kujula Kadphises, followed Greek religious ideas and iconography after the\u00a0Greco-Bactrian\u00a0tradition, and also followed traditions of\u00a0Hinduism, being a devotee of the Hindu God\u00a0Shiva.<sup id=\"cite_ref-31\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-32\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup> The Kushans in general were also great devotees of Buddhism, and, starting with Emperor Kanishka, they also employed elements of\u00a0Zoroastrianism in their place of worship.<sup id=\"cite_ref-33\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0They played an important role in the spread of Buddhism to Central Asia and China.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practise free mock test and ace your government exams! Download Entri App!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>At first the Kushans used the Greek language for administrative purposes, but soon started to use the Bactrian language . Kanishka sent his armies north of the\u00a0Karakoram mountains. A direct road from\u00a0Gandhara to China remained under Kushan control for more than a century, motivating travel across the Karakoram and easing the spread of Mahayana Buddhism to China. The Kushan dynasty had political contacts with the Roman Empire,\u00a0Sasanian Persia, the\u00a0Aksumite Empire\u00a0and the\u00a0Han dynasty of China. The Kushan Empire was at the middle of trade relations between the Roman Empire and China. According to Alain Danielou, &#8220;For some time, the Kushana Empire was the centrepoint of the major civilizations&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-A_Brief_History_of_India_34-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup> While most of the philosophy, art, and science was made within its borders, the only textual record of the empire&#8217;s history today comes from engravings and accounts in other languages, mostly Chinese.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHill200936_and_notes_35-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grab Latest Study Material<\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s! Register Here!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\">The Kushan Empire broke up into semi-independent kingdoms in the 3rd century AD, which fell to the Sasanians conquering from the west, setting up the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom in the areas of Sogdiana, Bactria and Gandhara. In the 4th century, the Guptas, an Indian dynasty also pressed from the east. The last of the Kushan and Kushano-Sasanian kingdoms were finally devastated by conquerers from the north, known as the Kidarites, and then the Hephthalites.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"KUSHAN_EMPIRE_FOUNDER\"><\/span><strong>KUSHAN EMPIRE: FOUNDER<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The founder of the Kushan dynasty was Kujula Kadphises.<br \/>\nThe first Yuezhi chief to cross Hindkush mountains and to set up the foundation of the Kushan Empire in India was Kujula Kadphises.<br \/>\nHis control over Kabul, Kandahar and Afghanistan was developed. Kujula Kadphises was succeeded by his son Vima Taktu, who expanded the empire into northwest India. Large parts of the Silk Route were controlled by the Kushanas, which brought up the spread of Buddhism to China. It was during this time that Buddhism also begun to spread in Korea and Japan. He was a great patron of Buddhism. The coins of Kujula Kadphises show that his authority extended up to Banaras and also till Indus basin.<\/p>\n<h2 role=\"heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"KUSHAN_EMPIRE_KINGS\"><\/span><strong>KUSHAN EMPIRE: KINGS<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"co8aDb\" role=\"heading\"><b>Main Kushan rulers<\/b><\/h3>\n<div class=\"RqBzHd\">\n<ul class=\"i8Z77e\">\n<li class=\"TrT0Xe\">Kujula Kadphises (c. 30 \u2013 c. 80)<\/li>\n<li class=\"TrT0Xe\">Vima Taktu or Sadashkana (c. 80 \u2013 c. 95)<\/li>\n<li class=\"TrT0Xe\">Vima Kadphises (c. 95 \u2013 c. 127)<\/li>\n<li class=\"TrT0Xe\">Kanishka I (c. 127 \u2013 c. 150)<\/li>\n<li class=\"TrT0Xe\">Huvishka (c. 150 \u2013 c. 180)<\/li>\n<li class=\"TrT0Xe\">Vasudeva I (c. 190 \u2013 c. 230)<\/li>\n<li class=\"TrT0Xe\">V\u0101sishka (c. 247 \u2013 c. 267)<\/li>\n<li class=\"TrT0Xe\">Little Kushans (AD 270 \u2013 350)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Kujula Kadphises (c. 30- c.80)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Kujula Kadphises was the prince of Guishuang, named thilac [Kujula Kadphises], who attacked and killed the four other xihou. He made himself as king, and his dynasty was called that of the Guishuang [Kushan] King. He conquered Indo-Parthia and took the Kabul region. He also defeated the whole of the kingdoms of Paktiya, Kapisha and Gandhara. Kujula Kadphises was more than eighty years old when he died.<\/p>\n<p>These invasions by Kujula Kadphises likely happened to be sometime between AD 45 and 60 and laid the foundation for the Kushan Empire which was quickly enlarged by his successors.<\/p>\n<p>Kujula issued an substantial of coins and was the father of two sons, Sada\u1e63ka\u1e47a (who is known from only two inscriptions, especially the Rabatak inscription, and evidently never ruled), and Vima Takto.<\/p>\n<p>Kujula Kadphises was the great-grandfather of Kanishka.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grab Latest Study Material<\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s! Register Here!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Vima_Taktu_or_Sadashkana_(c._80_\u2013_c._95)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Vima Taktu or Sadashkana (c. 80 \u2013 c. 95)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Vima Takto (Ancient Chinese: <i>Yangaozhen<\/i>) is mentioned in the Rabatak inscription (another son, Sadashkana, is mentioned in an inscription of Senavarman, the King of Odi). He was the antecedent of Vima Kadphises, and Kanishka I. He extended the Kushan Empire into the northwest of South Asia. The Hou Hanshu says:&#8221;His son, Vema Takto or his brother Sada\u1e63ka\u1e47a, became king in his place. He conquered Tianzhu [North-western India] and established Generals to manage and lead it. The Yuezhi then became very rich. All the kingdoms called their king the Guishuang [Kushan] king, but the Han call them by their original name, Da Yuezhi.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Vima_Kadphises_.28c._95_.E2.80.93_c._127.29\"><\/span><strong><span id=\"Vima_Kadphises_(c._95_\u2013_c._127)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Vima Kadphises (c. 95 \u2013 c. 127)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"hatnote navigation-not-searchable\" role=\"note\">Vima Kadphises was a Kushan emperor from around AD 95\u2013127, the son of Sadashkana and the grandson of Kujula Kadphises, and the father of Kanishka I, as inscripted by the Rabatak inscription. Vima Kadphises extended the Kushan territory by his invasions in Bactria. He issued an extensive series of coins and inscriptions. He issued gold coins along with the existing copper and silver coinage.<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: center\" role=\"note\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grab Latest Study Material<\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s! Register Here!<\/a><\/strong><\/div>\n<h4><span id=\"Kanishka_I_.28c._127_.E2.80.93_c._150.29\"><\/span><strong><span id=\"Kanishka_I_(c._127_\u2013_c._150)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Kanishka I (c. 127 \u2013 c. 150)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<div class=\"thumb tmulti tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"trow\">\n<div class=\"tsingle\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">There is a statue of Kanishka\u00a0in long coat and boots, holding a\u00a0mace\u00a0and a\u00a0sword, in the\u00a0Mathura Museum. An inscription runs along the bottom of the coat. The inscription is in middle Brahmi script is as follows:<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"trow\">\n<div class=\"tsingle\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_m.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg\/12px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg\/18px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ed\/Gupta_ashoka_m.svg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_m.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka m.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_haa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/Gupta_ashoka_haa.jpg\/14px-Gupta_ashoka_haa.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/Gupta_ashoka_haa.jpg\/21px-Gupta_ashoka_haa.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/59\/Gupta_ashoka_haa.jpg\/28px-Gupta_ashoka_haa.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka haa.jpg\" width=\"14\" height=\"22\" data-file-width=\"339\" data-file-height=\"532\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/10px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/15px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/20px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta allahabad raa.jpg\" width=\"10\" height=\"14\" data-file-width=\"238\" data-file-height=\"339\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/12px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/18px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka j.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/10px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/15px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/20px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta allahabad raa.jpg\" width=\"10\" height=\"14\" data-file-width=\"238\" data-file-height=\"339\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/12px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/18px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka j.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_allahabad_dhi.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Gupta_allahabad_dhi.jpg\/10px-Gupta_allahabad_dhi.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Gupta_allahabad_dhi.jpg\/15px-Gupta_allahabad_dhi.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7f\/Gupta_allahabad_dhi.jpg\/20px-Gupta_allahabad_dhi.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta allahabad dhi.jpg\" width=\"10\" height=\"19\" data-file-width=\"270\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/10px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/15px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/47\/Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg\/20px-Gupta_allahabad_raa.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta allahabad raa.jpg\" width=\"10\" height=\"14\" data-file-width=\"238\" data-file-height=\"339\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/12px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/18px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/ac\/Gupta_ashoka_j.svg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_j.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka j.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_d.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/58\/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg\/12px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/58\/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg\/18px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/58\/Gupta_ashoka_d.svg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_d.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka d.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_v.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg\/12px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg\/18px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/76\/Gupta_ashoka_v.svg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_v.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka v.svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" \/><\/a><sub><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/12\/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg\/12px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/12\/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg\/18px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/12\/Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_pu.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka pu.jpg\" width=\"12\" height=\"17\" data-file-width=\"314\" data-file-height=\"437\" \/><\/a><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg\/12px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg\/18px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/8a\/Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_tr.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka tr.jpg\" width=\"12\" height=\"21\" data-file-width=\"304\" data-file-height=\"523\" \/><\/a><\/sub>\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_kaa.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Gupta_ashoka_kaa.svg\/14px-Gupta_ashoka_kaa.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Gupta_ashoka_kaa.svg\/21px-Gupta_ashoka_kaa.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/88\/Gupta_ashoka_kaa.svg\/28px-Gupta_ashoka_kaa.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka kaa.svg\" width=\"14\" height=\"14\" data-file-width=\"64\" data-file-height=\"64\" \/><\/a><sup><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_nni.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Gupta_ashoka_nni.jpg\/14px-Gupta_ashoka_nni.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Gupta_ashoka_nni.jpg\/21px-Gupta_ashoka_nni.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Gupta_ashoka_nni.jpg\/28px-Gupta_ashoka_nni.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka nni.jpg\" width=\"14\" height=\"16\" data-file-width=\"317\" data-file-height=\"370\" \/><\/a><\/sup><sub><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/83\/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg\/16px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/83\/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg\/24px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/83\/Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg\/32px-Gupta_ashoka_ssk.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Gupta ashoka ssk.jpg\" width=\"16\" height=\"21\" data-file-width=\"382\" data-file-height=\"510\" \/><\/a><\/sub><br \/>\n<i>Mah\u0101r\u0101ja R\u0101jadhir\u0101ja Devaputra K\u0101\u1e47i\u1e63ka<\/i><br \/>\n&#8220;The Great King, King of Kings, Son of God, Kanishka&#8221;.<sup id=\"cite_ref-84\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The rule of\u00a0Kanishka the Great, fourth Kushan king, lasted for about 23 years from c. AD 127.<sup id=\"cite_ref-85\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup> Upon his succession, Kanishka dominated vast territory almost complete northern India, south to Ujjain and Kundina and east behind Pataliputra. According to the Rabatak inscription: In the year one, it has been revealed unto India, unto the whole kingdom of the governing class, including Koonadeano (Kaundiny, Kundina) and the city of Ozeno (Ozene,\u00a0Ujjain) and the city of Zageda (Saketa) and the city of Kozambo (Kausambi) and the city of Palabotro (Pataliputra) and as far as the city of Ziri-tambo (Sri-Champa)<\/p>\n<p>His territory was controlled from two capitals: Purushapura (now Peshawar\u00a0in northwestern\u00a0Pakistan) and\u00a0Mathura, in northern India. He is also attributed (along with Raja Dab) for building the huge, ancient Fort at Bathinda\u00a0(Qila Mubarak), in the modern city of\u00a0Bathinda, Indian\u00a0Punjab.<\/p>\n<p>The Kushans also had a summer capital in\u00a0Bagram (before known as Kapisa), where the &#8220;Begram Treasure&#8221;, consisting works of art from Greece to China, has been established. According to the Rabatak inscription, Kanishka was the son of Vima Kadphises, the grandson of Sadashkana, and the great-grandson of Kujula Kadphises. Kanishka&#8217;s period is now generally accepted to have begun in 127 on the basis of Harry Falk&#8217;s ground-breaking research.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalk2001121\u2013136_20-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFalk2004167\u2013176_21-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup> Kanishka&#8217;s era was used as a calendar reference by the Kushans for about a century, until the decline of the Kushan realm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grab Latest Study Material<\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s! Register Here!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Huvishka_.28c._150_.E2.80.93_c._180.29\"><\/span><strong><span id=\"Huvishka_(c._150_\u2013_c._180)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Huvishka (c. 150 \u2013 c. 180)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Huvishka<span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 15px\">\u00a0(Kushan: \u039f\u03bf\u03b7\u03f8\u03ba\u03b9, &#8220;Ooishki&#8221;) was a Kushan emperor from the death of Kanishka (assumed on the best evidence available to be in 150) until the succession of\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 15px\">Vasudeva I<\/span><span style=\"color: #333333;font-size: 15px\"> about thirty years later. His rule was a period of retrenchment and consolidation for the Empire. In particular he devoted time and effort early in his reign to the exertion of greater control over the city of Mathura.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25518496 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"345\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1.png 345w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-24x24.png 24w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-48x48.png 48w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-96x96.png 96w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner1-1-2-1-75x75.png 75w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 345px) 100vw, 345px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Vasudeva_I_.28c._190_.E2.80.93_c._230.29\"><\/span><strong><span id=\"Vasudeva_I_(c._190_\u2013_c._230)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Vasudeva I (c. 190 \u2013 c. 230)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Vasudeva I (Kushan: \u0392\u03b1\u03b6\u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03bf &#8220;Bazodeo&#8221;, Chinese: \u6ce2\u8abf &#8220;Bodiao&#8221;) was the last of the &#8220;Great Kushans&#8221;. Named inscriptions dating from year 64 to 98 of Kanishka&#8217;s era suggest his reign extended from at least AD 191 to 225. He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the Sasanians as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-Sasanians or <i>Kushanshahs<\/i> in what is nowadays Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwestern India from around AD 240. Location of the Little Kushans in the northwestern part of the subcontinent, and contemporary South Asian polities circa 350 CE.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practise free mock test and ace your government exams! Download Entri App!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"noresize thumb tright\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\"><strong style=\"color: #1d1f20;font-size: 1.25em\"><span id=\"V\u0101sishka_(c._247_\u2013_c._267)\" class=\"mw-headline\">V\u0101sishka (c. 247 \u2013 c. 267)<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>V\u0101sishka\u00a0was a Kushan emperor who seems to have had a 20-year reign following\u00a0Kanishka II. His rule is recorded at\u00a0Mathura, in\u00a0Gandhara\u00a0and as far south as Sanchi (near\u00a0Vidisa), where several inscriptions in his name have been found, dated to the year 22 (the Sanchi inscription of &#8220;Vaksushana&#8221; \u2013 i.e., Vasishka Kushana) and year 28 (the Sanchi inscription of Vasaska \u2013 i.e., Vasishka) of a possible second Kanishka era.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017b203_87-0\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><sup id=\"cite_ref-88\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Grab Latest Study Material<\/a><\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">s! Register Here!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4><span id=\"Little_Kushans_.28AD_270_.E2.80.93_350.29\"><\/span><strong><span id=\"Little_Kushans_(AD_270_\u2013_350)\" class=\"mw-headline\">Little Kushans (AD 270 \u2013 350)<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Following territory losses in the west (Bactria\u00a0lost to the\u00a0Kushano-Sasanians), and in the east (loss of\u00a0Mathura\u00a0to the\u00a0Gupta Empire), several &#8220;Little Kushans&#8221; are known, who ruled locally in the area of\u00a0Punjab\u00a0with their capital at\u00a0Taxila:\u00a0Vasudeva II\u00a0(270 \u2013 300),\u00a0Mahi\u00a0(300 \u2013 305),\u00a0Shaka\u00a0(305 \u2013 335) and\u00a0Kipunada\u00a0(335 \u2013 350).<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017b203_87-1\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>\u00a0They probably were vassals of the\u00a0Gupta Empire, until the invasion of the\u00a0Kidarites destroyed the last remains of Kushan rule.<sup id=\"cite_ref-FOOTNOTERezakhani2017b203_87-2\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25518479 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner-1-1-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"970\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner-1-1-2.png 970w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner-1-1-2-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner-1-1-2-768x198.png 768w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/blog-banner-1-1-2-750x193.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The\u00a0Kushan Empire\u00a0was a syncretic\u00a0empire, formed by the\u00a0Yuezhi, in the\u00a0Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to surround most of the present areas of Afghanistan,\u00a0Pakistan, and\u00a0northern India,\u00a0at least as far as\u00a0Saketa\u00a0and\u00a0Sarnath\u00a0near\u00a0Varanasi (Benares), where engravings have been found dating to the era of the Kushan Emperor, Kanishka the Great. &nbsp; The Kushans were most probably [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":110,"featured_media":25522126,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[558],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25521912","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general-knowledge"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kushan Empire - Founder, Kings, UPSC Notes PDF - Entri Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kushan-empire-founder-kings-upsc-notes-pdf\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kushan Empire - Founder, Kings, UPSC Notes PDF - Entri Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The\u00a0Kushan Empire\u00a0was a syncretic\u00a0empire, formed by the\u00a0Yuezhi, in the\u00a0Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to surround most of the present areas of Afghanistan,\u00a0Pakistan, and\u00a0northern India,\u00a0at least as far as\u00a0Saketa\u00a0and\u00a0Sarnath\u00a0near\u00a0Varanasi (Benares), where engravings have been found dating to the era of the Kushan Emperor, Kanishka the Great. &nbsp; The Kushans were most probably [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kushan-empire-founder-kings-upsc-notes-pdf\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Entri Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/entri.me\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-04-24T06:59:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/kushan-empire-upsc.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"820\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"615\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Juwairiya Mahin\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@entri_app\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@entri_app\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Juwairiya Mahin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kushan-empire-founder-kings-upsc-notes-pdf\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kushan-empire-founder-kings-upsc-notes-pdf\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Juwairiya Mahin\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/da9e9899c834feb2c32a887101c5fbfc\"},\"headline\":\"Kushan Empire &#8211; 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