{"id":25525953,"date":"2022-05-28T21:54:25","date_gmt":"2022-05-28T16:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?p=25525953"},"modified":"2022-05-28T21:58:03","modified_gmt":"2022-05-28T16:28:03","slug":"operation-polo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/operation-polo\/","title":{"rendered":"Operation Polo: Indian Annexation of Hyderabad"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e91de9c8e6a\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e91de9c8e6a\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/operation-polo\/#Why_was_it_named_Operation_Polo\" >Why was it named Operation Polo?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/operation-polo\/#Uprising_of_Telangana\" >Uprising of Telangana<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/operation-polo\/#History_behind_Operation_Polo\" >History behind Operation Polo<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/operation-polo\/#Operation_Polo_%E2%80%93_Indian_Annexation_of_Hyderabad_Quiz\" >Operation Polo\u00a0&#8211; Indian Annexation of Hyderabad: Quiz<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>Operation Polo was the nick\u00a0name for the September 1948 &#8220;police action&#8221; against Hyderabad state to annex Hyderabad into the India Union. It was a military operation during\u00a0which the country\u2019s\u00a0armed forces attacked and annexed the Nizam-ruled princely state. Indian Army, on the instructions of the then Home Minister Sardar Patel, encroach upon Hyderabad on September 13, 1948, and completed the operation in 5 days, i.e.\u00a0by\u00a0September 17. Sardar Patel had major uncertainty about the Nizam of Hyderabad&#8217;s goals\u00a0due to the state&#8217;s location. Hyderabad state was in the heart of India, surrounded by Independent land. The Nizam was not interested in forming\u00a0relations\u00a0with India, which implied he had other intention\u00a0in mind. As a result, the Home Minister\u00a0put up an inquiry team to find out what the Nizam was up as it seemed like\u00a0Hyderabad was friendly with Pakistan and\u00a0opposed to India.<\/p>\n<p>Against the &#8216;Standstill Agreement&#8217;, Hyderabad had promised to provide Pakistan Rs 20 crore. Pakistan wanted\u00a0to use the money to buy weapons and ammunition for a war against India over Kashmir. In a sense, the Nizam of Hyderabad was\u00a0helping\u00a0Pakistan\u00a0in its\u00a0fight against India. Hyderabad was forced to delay\u00a0the loan sanction to Pakistan until this agreement ended.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Grab study materials to strengthen your GK !!! Register Now !!!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_was_it_named_Operation_Polo\"><\/span><strong><b>Why was it named Operation Polo?<\/b><\/strong><strong><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/strong><b><\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/strong>The Indian Army&#8217;s campaign was called\u00a0Operation Polo because to the fact that Hyderabad during that period\u00a0had the highest number of polo fields in the world.<\/p>\n<p>Historical context during the partition in 1947, the princely kingdoms of India, which had essentially self-government within\u00a0their own borders, were bound by supportive\u00a0agreements with the British, which gave the British control\u00a0over their exterior ties. The British discontinued all such agreements in 1947, allowing\u00a0the states \u00a0to decide for their full independence. By 1948, nearly all\u00a0these states\u00a0had succumbed\u00a0to either India or Pakistan. One exception was Hyderabad, where the a Muslim king Nizam, Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII, controlled\u00a0over a predominantly Hindu population, chose independence and wanted\u00a0to maintain it by an irregular force drawn from the Muslim elite known as the Razakars. However, the Nizam faced the Telangana rebellion, which he was unable to crush.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Grab study materials to strengthen your GK !!! Register Now !!!<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<b><\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Uprising_of_Telangana\"><\/span><strong><b>U<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>prising <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>of <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Telangana<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Late 1945 saw peasant rebellion led by \u00a0communist\u00a0in Telangana. Various groups supported the communists. The poor peasants disliked\u00a0the jagirdari system, which controlled 43%of the land. In the beginning\u00a0help came from wealthy peasants fighting for the communist cause, but by 1948 the union\u00a0had collapsed. According to the Deputy Director of the Indian Intelligence Bureau, &#8220;The communists decreased rates, redistributed land and animals, stopped forced labour, and increased net income by 100%. Geting\u00a0rid of untouchability was one of their aims. They immunized\u00a0the community and built\u00a0public latrines.<\/p>\n<p>Earlier the \u00a0communists targeted the zamindars and even Hindu Deshmukhs, before\u00a0launching a full-scale revolution against the Nizam. In the mid\u00a0of 1946, the Razakar-Communist battle became progressively violent, with both sides using increasingly brutal tactics. Fear of Communist state and acquisition,\u00a0Hyderabad signed an\u00a0agreement with the dominion of India in November 1947, preserving all prior agreements except\u00a0for the stationing of Indian soldiers in the state. Hyderabad broke the agreement in all areas: foreign affairs, communications\u00a0and defence\u00a0meddling\u00a0with border and railway trade, and secretly loaning\u00a0Pakistan 15 million pounds. The authorities of the new Dominion of India were fearful of India becoming Divided\u00a0if Hyderabad continued with its\u00a0independence. According to author AG Noorani, Indian PM Jawahar Lal Nehru was preoccupied with ending\u00a0to what he referred to as Hyderabad&#8217;s &#8220;secessionist effort,&#8221; but he preferred negotiations and took\u00a0military action as a last choice. On the contrary Home Minister Sardar Patel, did not go for negotiations, and ordered the capture\u00a0and annexation of Hyderabad. India invaded the Hyderabad on 13 September \u00a01948, following a destructive economic action, fearful of the formation\u00a0of a Communist state \u00a0and the rise of violent Razakars\u00a0in Hyderabad. The Nizam then signed an agreement\u00a0thereby joining India.<b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25483248 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1.png\" alt=\"Stay Updated for Free GK &amp; Current Affairs\" width=\"970\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1.png 970w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1-768x198.png 768w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1-750x193.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"History_behind_Operation_Polo\"><\/span><strong><b>History behind Operation Polo<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After the\u00a0partition of India\u00a0in 1947, the princely states governed their land\u00a0themselves\u00a0but they were still under the Subsidiary Alliance system that gave the British power over their external affairs.<\/p>\n<p>Indian Independence Act 1947, cancelled the policy of\u00a0subsidiary alliances\u00a0and the princely states were given 3 choices\u00a0to decide their future:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Submit to India<\/li>\n<li>Submit to Pakistan<\/li>\n<li>Remain Independent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By 1948 many of the Princely States had united with\u00a0India but the state of Hyderabad had decided to stay Independent.<\/p>\n<p>Hyderabad was under\u00a0the Nizam, Mir Sir Osman Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VII. He governed over a largely Hindu population hoping to maintain his independence with a irregular army largely\u00a0belonging\u00a0to Muslim aristocracy, called\u00a0Razakars. India was not comfortable\u00a0on allowing\u00a0a wealthy and powerful princely state be left on its own.<\/p>\n<p>Events within Hyderabad, such as the Telangana uprising and militant Razakars gave way to fears of instability in\u00a0the region. Therefore, the Government of India decided to undertake a military operation to annex Hyderabad.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Grab study materials to strengthen your GK !!! Register Now !!!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong><b>Events <\/b><\/strong><b>that occurred before <\/b><strong><b>Operation Polo<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Nizam of Hyderabad at first met\u00a0the British Government with the proposal to form\u00a0Hyderabad as a constitutional monarchy within the\u00a0Commonwealth of Nations.\u00a0The proposal was disapproved by , Lord Louis Mountbatten, the last viceroy of India.<\/p>\n<p>In spite of\u00a0the British disapproval, the Nizam began discussions\u00a0with officials from European nations and even\u00a0tried\u00a0to buy Goa from the Portuguese so that Hyderabad would have access to the sea.<\/p>\n<p>Although PM\u00a0Jawahar Lal Nehru tried\u00a0to defeat Hyderabad\u2019s secessionist ventures through talks, the then Home Minister Sardar Vallabhai Patel sought military means to solve this\u00a0issue.<\/p>\n<p>The Razakars under Syed Kasim Rizvi were becoming\u00a0powerful\u00a0in the Hyderabad state, succeeding\u00a0that of the Nizam himself. Favouring an independent state with Muslim control\u00a0in mind, the Razakars under his orders began to extinguish all opposition including Congress members, Telangana rebels, communist and other Muslim moderates who did not agree with his extremist views.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Nizam also made failed attempts totake\u00a0help\u00a0of the\u00a0United Nations.<\/li>\n<li>The Razakars also generateda wave of communal violence forcing most of the Hindu residents of Hyderabad to take refuge in the\u00a0neighboring states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Soon after these events, a clash\u00a0between the Indian army and the Hyderabadi forces at Kodad encouraged the Home Minister\u00a0to go forward with the police action against Hyderabad.<\/p>\n<p>The date for the attack was decided to be 13 September, even after the objects from General Sir Roy Bucher, the Indian chief of staff, on grounds that Hyderabad would be an added front for the Indian army after Kashmir.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Grab study materials to strengthen your GK !!! Register Now !!!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong><b>Operation Polo<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>, 1948<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>On 13 Sep1948\u00a0, Indian\u00a0army\u00a0entered the state at 4 a.m. The first war\u00a0was fought at Naldurg Fort on the Solapur Secunderabad Highway between a defending force of the 1st Hyderabad Infantry and the attacking force from India of the 7th Brigade.<\/li>\n<li>Utilizing the combo of speed and surprise, the Indian military unit defeated the poorly armed Hyderabadi forces and secured Naldurg fort.<\/li>\n<li>The first day on the Western front ended by the Indians bringing down heavy victims from Hyderbad and capturing large areas of territory.<\/li>\n<li>On September 14, They had camped at Umarge moving forward to the town of Rajeshwar, 48 km east. As aerial intelligence had shown well invulnerable ambush positions set up along the way, the air attacks from air unit of Tempest aircrafts were used. These air strikes helped in clearing the route and allowed the armed forces to reach and concur Rajeshwar by noon.<\/li>\n<li>Leaving around 3 &#8211; 11 Gurkhas to attack the town of Jalna, the remaining\u00a0\u00a0force moved to Latur, and later to Mominabad where they faced action against the 3 Golconda Lancers who faught before surrendering on September 15<\/li>\n<li>Most of the apposition wasfrom Razakar units who attacked the Indians as they passed through urban areas. The Razakars were able to overcome the Indian force until the Indian force brought in their 75 mm guns. The militaty managed surrender the Razakers into submission by 16 september.<\/li>\n<li>On 17 September, the Indian army entered Bidar in the morning. On the other end, forces led by the 1st Armoured regiment were at the town of Chityal about 60 km from Hyderabad, while the third column managed to take over the town of Hingoli.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It was\u00a0clear that the Razakars along with the Hyderabadi military were dispatch on all fronts with heavy losses. At 5 pm on 17 September, the Nizam announced a ceasefire, thus leading the armed action\u00a0to end.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Grab study materials to strengthen your GK !!! Register Now !!!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong><b>Consequence of Operation Polo<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Indian military detained 1000\u2019s of victims\u00a0during the operation, including Hindu militants,\u00a0Razakars\u00a0and communists.<\/p>\n<p>on 18 September\u00a0when the General\u00a0 Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri led an armored column into Hyderabad at around 4 p.m, the Hyderabad army, led by Major General El Edroos, surrendered.<\/p>\n<p>This was largely done on the basis of local perceivers, who used this chance\u00a0to settle scores. The estimated number of people detained was close to 18,000, which resulted in overcrowded jails and a in efficient\u00a0criminal system.<\/p>\n<p>The Nizam had resigned\u00a0upon the surrender of Hyderabad and the princely state discontinued to exist. Subsequently, the Nizam signed an instrument of accession,\u00a0uniting Hyderabad with\u00a0India.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Operation_Polo_%E2%80%93_Indian_Annexation_of_Hyderabad_Quiz\"><\/span><strong><b>Operation Polo<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0&#8211; <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Indian Annexation of Hyderabad<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>: <\/b><\/strong><strong><b>Quiz<\/b><\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. What was the code name of the military operation conducted to annex Hyderabad into the India Union?<\/strong><br \/>\na) Operation Nizam<br \/>\nb) Operation Diamond<br \/>\nc) Operation Polo<br \/>\nd) Operation Bluestar<\/p>\n<p>Ans (c) Operation Polo<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Operation Polo&#8217; was related to which of the following?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a) Arrest of Jawaharlal Nehru during the Quit India Movement<\/p>\n<p>b) Invasion of Indian National Army over British India<\/p>\n<p>c) Freedom struggle of Goa against the Portuguese<\/p>\n<p>d) Annexation of Hyderabad Princely State by the Government of India<\/p>\n<p>Ans (d) Annexation of Hyderabad Princely State by the Government of India<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Attempt free GK Mock Test! Download Entri App!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><b>3. Which operation was carried out by Sardar Patel to make Hyderabad State a part of the Indian Republic?<\/b><\/strong><br \/>\na) Operation Polo<br \/>\nb) Operation Blue Star<br \/>\nc) Operation seize<br \/>\nd) Operation Unity<\/p>\n<p>Ans (a) Operation Polo<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. In which year did Operation Polo take place?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a) 1947<\/p>\n<p>b) 1948<\/p>\n<p>c) 1949<\/p>\n<p>d) 1950<\/p>\n<p>Ans (b) 1948<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Who was the major general that carried out operation polo in Hyderabad?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>a) Dalbir Singh Suhag<\/p>\n<p>b) Bipin Rawat<\/p>\n<p>c) JN Chaudhary<\/p>\n<p>d) Deepak Kapoor<\/p>\n<p>Ans (c) J N Chaudhary<\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">I hope this article was helpful. The key point to clear an exam lies in methodical and planned preparation. If you are a candidate who wants to pursue your dream career and looking for a good start, our\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a class=\"editor-rtfLink\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/od54\/6blp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Entri app<\/span><\/strong><\/a><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> has got it covered for you. Our team will help you with content and insights related to the topics of your concern. 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Good luck.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-25483248 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1.png\" alt=\"Stay Updated for Free GK &amp; Current Affairs\" width=\"970\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1.png 970w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1-300x77.png 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1-768x198.png 768w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Stay-Updated-for-GK-Current-Affairs1-750x193.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 970px) 100vw, 970px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.sng.link\/Bcofz\/yv45\/8wer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Attempt free GK Mock Test! Download Entri App!<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Operation Polo was the nick\u00a0name for the September 1948 &#8220;police action&#8221; against Hyderabad state to annex Hyderabad into the India Union. It was a military operation during\u00a0which the country\u2019s\u00a0armed forces attacked and annexed the Nizam-ruled princely state. Indian Army, on the instructions of the then Home Minister Sardar Patel, encroach upon Hyderabad on September 13, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":42,"featured_media":25525954,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[802,558],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25525953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-general-knowledge"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Operation Polo: Indian Annexation of Hyderabad - Entri Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/operation-polo\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Operation Polo: Indian Annexation of Hyderabad - Entri Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Operation Polo was the nick\u00a0name for the September 1948 &#8220;police action&#8221; against Hyderabad state to annex Hyderabad into the India Union. It was a military operation during\u00a0which the country\u2019s\u00a0armed forces attacked and annexed the Nizam-ruled princely state. 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