{"id":25564536,"date":"2023-08-23T22:16:59","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T16:46:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?p=25564536"},"modified":"2023-08-29T13:52:54","modified_gmt":"2023-08-29T08:22:54","slug":"chandrayaan-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chandrayaan-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Chandrayaan-3: Know About India&#8217;s New Lunar Expedition"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e9e541575bf\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e9e541575bf\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chandrayaan-3\/#All_About_Chandrayaan-3\" >All About Chandrayaan-3<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chandrayaan-3\/#How_did_Chandrayaan-3_get_to_the_lunar_surface\" >How did Chandrayaan-3 get to the lunar surface?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chandrayaan-3\/#Chandrayaan-3_In_The_Moon\" >Chandrayaan-3: In The Moon<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chandrayaan-3\/#Chandrayaan-3_Historic_Leap\" >Chandrayaan-3: Historic Leap<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chandrayaan-3\/#Chandrayaan-3_Over_All_Specifications\" >Chandrayaan-3: Over All Specifications<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chandrayaan-3\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p><em>&#8220;India, I reached my destination and you too!&#8217;: Chandrayaan-3.&#8221; Chandrayaan-3 has successfully soft landed on the Moon.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Chandrayaan-3 is the third and most recent Indian lunar exploration mission under the Chandrayaan programme of ISRO. On August 23, 2023, the lander and rover made a landing in the vicinity of the lunar south pole. Like the Chandrayaan-2, it comprises of a lander named Vikram and a rover named Pragyan. The powered descent took place on August 23, 2023, at around 5:45 p.m. IST, and the touchdown took place at around 6:02 p.m. IST. As a result, India became the fourth country to ever land on the Moon and the first nation to safely land a spacecraft on the lunar south pole region.<\/p>\n<p>Chandrayaan-3 was launched on July 14, 2023, at 2:35 IST. The Chandrayaan-3 mission is the follow-up to the 2019 Chandrayaan-2 mission, which ended in a lunar surface crash with the Vikram lander. Its propulsion system performs orbital functions. Showcase the space agency&#8217;s ability to carry out a soft landing on the Moon is the mission&#8217;s main goal. With the mission, India has become a member of a select group of nations that have accomplished a soft landing on the moon.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25564589\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25564589\" style=\"width: 301px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayaan-mission.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25564589 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayaan-mission.jpg\" alt=\"Chandrayaan-3\" width=\"301\" height=\"167\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayaan-mission.jpg 301w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayaan-mission-150x83.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 301px) 100vw, 301px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25564589\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chandrayaan-3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"All_About_Chandrayaan-3\"><\/span><strong>All About Chandrayaan-3<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>After a 40-day journey starting from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota, the Indian Space Research Organisation\u2019s (ISRO) Chandrayaan-3 mission has landed successfully. The Vikram lander made a soft lunar landing at 6.04 PM IST on August 23.<\/p>\n<p>The objective is to deploy a lander and rover on the lunar surface and keep them there for around 14 Earth days, or one lunar day. The diminutive rover, which only weighs 26 kilogrammes (57 pounds), was carried by the lander to the Moon. Both vehicles have scientific equipment for studying the surface. Of considerable significance is the prospect that if the lander achieves a \u2018soft landing\u2019 on the moon\u2019s south pole, India will stand as the sole country to accomplish this feat. Following a successful landing, the rover, a small vehicle designed for lunar surface mobility, will disembark from the lander.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Get Latest Current Affairs Updates! Register Here!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Chandrayaan-3: The Mission\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>On July 14, when Chandrayaan-3 embarked on its journey to the moon. The Chandrayaan-3 mission&#8217;s lander and rover are conceptually identical to those from Chandrayaan-2. The Chandrayaan-2 Vikram lander successfully descended to a distance of 5 kilometres (3 miles) from the Moon in September 2019 and switched to &#8220;fine braking&#8221; mode, which would have gently lowered it to the lunar surface. Chandrayaan-2, like its predecessor, was aiming for the south polar region of the Moon, where ice has been discovered inside craters that are always in shadow.<\/p>\n<p>Vikram unfortunately drifted off course due to a technical error, and ISRO officials lost communication with the spacecraft. Later, NASA&#8217;s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter discovered the vehicle&#8217;s wreckage dispersed 750 metres (a half mile) away from the designated landing site.<\/p>\n<h4><strong><span id=\"Mission_life\" class=\"mw-headline\">Mission life<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>Propulsion module: Carries lander and rover to 100-by-100-kilometre (62 mi \u00d7 62 mi) orbit, with operation of experimental payload for up to six months.<\/li>\n<li>Lander module: 1 lunar daylight period (14 Earth days)<\/li>\n<li>Rover module: 1 lunar daylight period (14 Earth days)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Chandrayaan-3: Launch<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25564615\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25564615\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/llaunching-1.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25564615 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/llaunching-1-300x160.webp\" alt=\"Launching\" width=\"300\" height=\"160\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/llaunching-1-300x160.webp 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/llaunching-1-150x80.webp 150w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/llaunching-1.webp 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25564615\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Launching<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Chandrayaan-3 was launched from\u00a0Satish Dhawan Space Centre\u00a0Second Launch Pad\u00a0in\u00a0Sriharikota,\u00a0Andhra Pradesh, India. The spacecraft entered lunar orbit on 5 August 2023, with an expected landing near the lunar South Pole on 23 August.<\/p>\n<p>The ISRO performed a lunar-orbit insertion (LOI), successfully placing the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into orbit around the Moon on 5 August. LOI operation was carried out from the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network (ISTRAC) located in Bengaluru. After a series of lunar-bound maneuvers, the Vikram lander separated from the propulsion module to begin the last phase of the mission on 17 August.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0<strong>Vehicle Mark-3<\/strong><\/h4>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25564618\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25564618\" style=\"width: 200px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25564618 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1-200x300.webp\" alt=\"Chandrayan-3 vehicle\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1-683x1024.webp 683w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1-768x1151.webp 768w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1-1025x1536.webp 1025w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1-150x225.webp 150w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1-750x1124.webp 750w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1-1140x1709.webp 1140w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Chandrayan-vehicle-1.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25564618\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chandrayan-3 vehicle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The LVM-III Launch Vehicle will carry out the Chandrayaan-3 mission&#8217;s space launch. The spacecraft will progressively raise its orbit after launching into an orbit around the Earth at an altitude of 179 km in a series of movements to escape the gravity of the Earth and slingshot towards the moon. The spaceship will need to be pulled into the moon&#8217;s gravity after getting close to it.<\/p>\n<p>Any space mission\u00a0essentially has two parts\u00a0\u2013 the rocket, or the carrier, and the spacecraft, which could be a satellite or any other payload. The rocket has the limited job of transporting the spacecraft into space. In most missions, the rockets get destroyed after completing their job. The spacecraft continues to operate as designed.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Chandrayaan-3: Design<\/strong><\/h3>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25564577\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25564577\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover.webp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25564577 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover-300x200.webp\" alt=\"Lander and Rover\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover-150x100.webp 150w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover-750x500.webp 750w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover-1140x760.webp 1140w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/lander-rover.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25564577\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lander and Rover<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h4><strong>Rover<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The\u00a0Pragyan rover is a six-wheeled vehicle with a mass of 26 kilograms (57 pounds). It is 917 millimetres (3.009\u00a0ft) x 750 millimetres (2.46\u00a0ft) x 397 millimetres (1.302\u00a0ft) in size.\u00a0<sup id=\"cite_ref-26\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup>The rover is expected to take multiple measurements to support research into the composition of the lunar surface, the presence of water ice in the lunar soil, the history of lunar impacts, and the evolution of the Moon&#8217;s atmosphere.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The rover has two payloads:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS):<\/strong> Determines the chemical and mineralogical composition of the surface.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS):<\/strong> Determines the elemental composition of the surface. ISRO specifically mentions magnesium, aluminum, silicon, potassium, calcium, titanium, and iron as elements the rover will hunt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Lander<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The Vikram lander is responsible for the soft landing on the Moon. It is also box-shaped, with four landing legs and four landing thrusters capable of producing 800 newtons of thrust each. It carries the rover and various scientific instruments to perform on-site analysis. And the lander for Chandrayaan-3 has four variable-thrust engines with slew rate changing capabilities, unlike Chandrayaan-2&#8217;s lander, which had five, with the fifth one being centrally mounted and capable only of fixed thrust. One of the main reasons for Chandrayaan-2&#8217;s landing failure was attitude increase during the camera coasting phase. Additionally, the Chandrayaan-3 lander is equipped with a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) to allow measuring attitude in 3 directions<\/p>\n<p><strong>The lander has four payloads:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA):<\/strong> To measure the near surface plasma (ions and electrons) density and its changes with time.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chandra\u2019s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE):<\/strong> To carry out the measurements of thermal properties of lunar surface near polar region.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA):<\/strong> Measures seismic activity at the landing site in order to delineate the subsurface crust and mantle.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA):<\/strong> A NASA-provided retroreflector that allows for lunar ranging studies. Laser ranging is the process of zapping a reflector with a laser and measuring the time it takes for the signal to bounce back. NASA still\u00a0measures\u00a0the distance to the Moon using retroreflectors left behind during the Apollo program.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>Propulsion Module<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>The propulsion module carries the lander and rover configuration to a 100 kilometres (62 mi) lunar orbit. It is a box-like structure with a large solar panel mounted on one side and a cylindrical mounting structure for the lander (the Intermodular Adapter Cone) on top.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable Planet Earth (SHAPE):<\/strong> Future discoveries of smaller planets in reflected light would allow us to probe into variety of Exo-planets which would qualify for habitability (or for presence of life).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Chandrayaan-3: Orbit<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>After a series of earth bound manoeuvres that placed Chandrayaan-3 in a trans-lunar injection orbit, ISRO performed a lunar-orbit insertion (LOI) on 5 August, successfully placing the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into an orbit around the Moon. The LOI operation was carried out from the ISRO Telemetry, Tracking, and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru. The Vikram lander separated from the propulsion module to begin the last phase of the mission on 17 August.<sup id=\"cite_ref-34\" class=\"reference\"><\/sup><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-chandrayaan-3-budget\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chandrayaan-3: Budget<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The budget for\u00a0<strong>Chandrayaan 3 is about Rs. 615 crore<\/strong>\u00a0which is quite less in comparison with the other lunar missions<\/li>\n<li>The cost of Chandrayaan 2, including the orbiter, lander, rover, navigation, and ground network, as well as the heavy rocket, was\u00a0<strong>estimated at Rs 978 crore<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Chandrayaan-1, the inaugural Indian deep space mission, was launched to orbit and impact the Moon. It cost\u00a0<strong>Rs 386 crore<\/strong>\u00a0(US $48 million) and was launched in October 2008.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"pageContent\"><strong>Chandrayaan-3: M<\/strong><strong>ission objectives <\/strong><\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li>To demonstrate Safe and Soft Landing on Lunar Surface<\/li>\n<li>To demonstrate Rover roving on the moon and<\/li>\n<li>To conduct in-situ scientific experiments.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"pageContent\">To achieve the mission objectives, several advanced technologies are present in Lander such as,<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Altimeters: Laser &amp; RF based Altimeters<\/li>\n<li>Velocimeters: Laser Doppler Velocimeter &amp; Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera<\/li>\n<li>Inertial Measurement: Laser Gyro based Inertial referencing and Accelerometer package<\/li>\n<li>Propulsion System: 800N Throttleable Liquid Engines, 58N attitude thrusters &amp; Throttleable Engine Control Electronics<\/li>\n<li>Navigation, Guidance &amp; Control (NGC): Powered Descent Trajectory design and associate software elements<\/li>\n<li>Hazard Detection and Avoidance: Lander Hazard Detection &amp; Avoidance Camera and Processing Algorithm<\/li>\n<li>Landing Leg Mechanism.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"pageContent\">To demonstrate the above said advanced technologies in earth condition, several Lander special tests have been planned and carried out successfully viz.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Integrated Cold Test &#8211; For the demonstration of Integrated Sensors &amp; Navigation performance test using helicopter as test platform<\/li>\n<li>Integrated Hot test \u2013 For the demonstration of closed loop performance test with sensors, actuators and NGC using Tower crane as test platform<\/li>\n<li>Lander Leg mechanism performance test on a lunar simulant test bed simulating different touch down conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Attempt Current Affairs Quiz for Free! Register Here!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_did_Chandrayaan-3_get_to_the_lunar_surface\"><\/span><strong>How did Chandrayaan-3 get to the lunar surface?<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>From liftoff to touchdown, it took about 40 days to place Chandrayaan-3 on the lunar surface. The mission began\u00a0on July 14, 2023\u00a0with a launch aboard India\u2019s\u00a0LVM3 rocket, the country\u2019s heavy lift vehicle capable of placing about 8 metric tons into low-Earth orbit. (For comparison, the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket can lift almost\u00a023 metric tons\u00a0to low-Earth orbit.)<\/p>\n<p>The LVM3 placed the spacecraft and an attached propulsion module into an elongated Earth orbit with an apogee, or high point, of about 36,500 kilometers (22,700 miles) above the planet. The propulsion module raised its orbit several times before transferring into lunar orbit.<\/p>\n<p>At the Moon, the propulsion module lowered Chandrayaan-3 until it reached a circular, 100-kilometer (62-mile) orbit. There, the two vehicles separated, leaving the lander to deorbit and touch down in the Moon\u2019s south polar region. At the moment of contact, the lander was expected to move less than 2 meters per second vertically, and 0.5 meters per second horizontally (6.5 and 1.6 feet per second, respectively).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandrayaan-3_In_The_Moon\"><\/span><strong>Chandrayaan-3: In The Moon<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25564616\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25564616\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Lander-on-Moon-1.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25564616 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Lander-on-Moon-1-300x198.jpg\" alt=\"Lander-on-Moon \" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Lander-on-Moon-1-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Lander-on-Moon-1-768x507.jpg 768w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Lander-on-Moon-1-150x99.jpg 150w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Lander-on-Moon-1-750x495.jpg 750w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Lander-on-Moon-1.jpg 900w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25564616\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lander-on-Moon<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A successful touchdown marked a huge achievement for ISRO, placing them in a small group of nations that have landed spacecraft on other worlds. Beyond this milestone, Chandrayaan-3 has technologies to demonstrate and science to perform.<\/p>\n<p>Shortly after landing, one side panel of the Chandrayaan-3 lander will unfold, creating a ramp for the rover. The rover will emerge from the lander\u2019s belly, drive down the ramp, and begin exploring the lunar environment.<\/p>\n<p>The solar-powered lander and rover will have about two weeks to study their surroundings. They are not designed to survive the chilly lunar night. The rover can only communicate with the lander, which communicates directly with Earth. ISRO says the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter can also be used as a contingency communications relay.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandrayaan-3_Historic_Leap\"><\/span><strong>Chandrayaan-3: Historic Leap<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<figure id=\"attachment_25564617\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-25564617\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/moon.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-25564617 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/moon-300x203.jpg\" alt=\"Chandrayaan-3 Landed Successfully\" width=\"300\" height=\"203\" srcset=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/moon-300x203.jpg 300w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/moon-150x102.jpg 150w, https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/moon.jpg 670w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-25564617\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chandrayaan-3 Landed Successfully<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>India on August 23, 2023 scripted history with the successful soft landing of its lunar mission Chandrayaan-3 on the south pole region of the Moon. With this achievement, India has become the first country to land on the Moon&#8217;s challenging south pole region. The space agency Isro announced the landing and wrote,<strong> &#8220;India, I reached my destination and you too!&#8217;: Chandrayaan-3.&#8221;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>India&#8217;s milestone comes midway through a big year for the country on the international stage. Indian Space Research Organisation&#8217;s moon lander Chandrayaan-3 touched down on the Moon&#8217;s surface on Wednesday making India the fourth country in the world to achieve this feat and the first country to reach the Moon&#8217;s south pole.<\/p>\n<p>A wave of celebration has taken over the country as anxious scientists at ISRO and Indians across watched the Chandrayaan-3&#8217;s descent to the Moon. The nation surpassed China as the world&#8217;s most populous earlier in 2023 With nuclear-armed India emerging as the world\u2019s fifth-largest economy last year, Prime Minister Narendra Modi\u2019s nationalist government is eager to showcase India\u2019s rising standing as a technology and space powerhouse.<\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-chandrayaan-3-landing-time\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Chandrayaan-3 Landing Time<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s lunar mission approaches a crucial phase as Vikram Lander prepares for a soft landing around 6:04 pm, releasing Pragyan rover.<\/li>\n<li>Vikram Lander currently sits 25 km from the Moon\u2019s nearest point and 134 km from the farthest, signifying steady progress.<\/li>\n<li>After the previous lunar mission\u2019s setback, ISRO exercises extra caution, addressing risks and aiming to avoid a repeat of history.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 id=\"h-why-moon-s-south-pole-is-important\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why Moon\u2019s south pole is Important?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The lunar South Pole region holds particular interest for scientific exploration due to studies that show large amounts of ice there. Mountainous terrain and unpredictable lighting conditions not only protect the ice from melting, but also make landing scientific probes there a challenging undertaking.<\/li>\n<li>This ice could contain solid-state compounds that would normally melt under warmer conditions elsewhere on the Moon, compounds which could provide insight into lunar, Earth, and Solar System history.<\/li>\n<li>Chandrayaan-3 targets the lunar South Pole due to the significance of water ice in craters, essential for both research and future crewed missions.<\/li>\n<li>Unexposed to sunlight, the craters\u2019 frozen water, dating back billions of years, may hold insights into the early solar system\u2019s conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Water presence on the Moon is vital for potential future human missions, making the lunar South Pole exploration pivotal.<\/li>\n<li>Unlike previous missions, Chandrayaan-3\u2019s focus on the Moon\u2019s South Pole promises novel insights into lunar water exploration.<\/li>\n<li>The Moon\u2019s south pole resembles Earth\u2019s diverse environments, enabling researchers to glean ancient Earth insights and assess lunar colonization prospects.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chandrayaan-3_Over_All_Specifications\"><\/span><strong>Chandrayaan-3: Over All Specifications<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"table table-info table-striped table-hover table-bordered border-info table-responsive\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>Sl No.<\/th>\n<th>Parameter<\/th>\n<th>Specifications<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.<\/td>\n<td>Mission Life (Lander &amp; Rover)<\/td>\n<td>One lunar day (~14 Earth days)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.<\/td>\n<td>Landing Site (Prime)<\/td>\n<td>4 km x 2.4 km 69.367621 S, 32.348126 E<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.<\/td>\n<td>Science Payloads<\/td>\n<td>Lander:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA)<\/li>\n<li>Chandra\u2019s Surface Thermo physical Experiment (ChaSTE)<\/li>\n<li>Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA)<\/li>\n<li>Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA) Rover:<\/li>\n<li>Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS)<\/li>\n<li>Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) Propulsion Module:<\/li>\n<li>Spectro-polarimetry of HAbitable Planet Earth (SHAPE)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.<\/td>\n<td>Two Module Configuration<\/td>\n<td>\n<ol>\n<li>Propulsion Module (Carries Lander from launch injection to Lunar orbit)<\/li>\n<li>Lander Module (Rover is accommodated inside the Lander)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5.<\/td>\n<td>Mass<\/td>\n<td>\n<ol>\n<li>Propulsion Module: 2148 kg<\/li>\n<li>Lander Module: 1752 kg including Rover of 26 kg<\/li>\n<li>Total: 3900 kg<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6.<\/td>\n<td>Power generation<\/td>\n<td>\n<ol>\n<li>Propulsion Module: 758 W<\/li>\n<li>Lander Module: 738W, WS with Bias<\/li>\n<li>Rover: 50W<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7.<\/td>\n<td>Communication<\/td>\n<td>\n<ol>\n<li>Propulsion Module: Communicates with IDSN<\/li>\n<li>Lander Module: Communicates with IDSN and Rover. Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter is also planned for contingency link.<\/li>\n<li>Rover: Communicates only with Lander.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8.<\/td>\n<td>Lander Sensors<\/td>\n<td>\n<ol>\n<li>Laser Inertial Referencing and Accelerometer Package (LIRAP)<\/li>\n<li>Ka-Band Altimeter (KaRA)<\/li>\n<li>Lander Position Detection Camera (LPDC)<\/li>\n<li>LHDAC (Lander Hazard Detection &amp; Avoidance Camera)<\/li>\n<li>Laser Altimeter (LASA)<\/li>\n<li>Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV)<\/li>\n<li>Lander Horizontal Velocity Camera (LHVC)<\/li>\n<li>Micro Star sensor<\/li>\n<li>Inclinometer &amp; Touchdown sensors<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>9.<\/td>\n<td>Lander Actuators<\/td>\n<td>Reaction wheels \u2013 4 nos (10 Nms &amp; 0.1 Nm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>10.<\/td>\n<td>Lander Propulsion System<\/td>\n<td>Bi-Propellant Propulsion System (MMH + MON3), 4 nos. of 800 N Throttleable engines &amp; 8 nos. of 58 N; Throttleable Engine Control Electronics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>11.<\/td>\n<td>Lander Mechanisms<\/td>\n<td>\n<ol>\n<li>Lander leg<\/li>\n<li>Rover Ramp (Primary &amp; Secondary)<\/li>\n<li>Rover<\/li>\n<li>ILSA, Rambha &amp; Chaste Payloads<\/li>\n<li>Umbilical connector Protection Mechanism,<\/li>\n<li>X- Band Antenna<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>12.<\/td>\n<td>Lander Touchdown specifications<\/td>\n<td>\n<ol>\n<li>Vertical velocity: \u2264 2 m \/ sec<\/li>\n<li>Horizontal velocity: \u2264 0.5 m \/ sec<\/li>\n<li>Slope: \u2264 12 deg<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Get Latest Current Affairs Updates! Register Here!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span><strong>FAQs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>\n<div class=\"dnXCYb\" role=\"button\" data-hveid=\"CAkQAQ\">\n<div>\n<p><strong>Q. <span class=\"JCzEY ZwRhJd\"><span class=\"CSkcDe\"> Did Chandrayaan 3 land on moon safely?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans: <\/strong>Chandrayaan 3 Lander Makes A Successful And Safe Soft Landing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div><strong>Q. What is unique about Chandrayaan-3?<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Ans:<\/strong> Chandrayaan-3 Landing: India becomes the first and only country to land on Moon&#8217;s South Pole.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q. Which moon mission was successful?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans:<\/strong> <span class=\"ILfuVd\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hgKElc\">Indian Space Research Organisation&#8217;s (ISRO) third Moon Mission Chandrayaan 3 has successfully landed on the moon on 23rd August 2023. With this moon mission, India created history as India became the first country to successfully reach the moon&#8217;s south pole.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Q. <span class=\"JCzEY ZwRhJd\"><span class=\"CSkcDe\">How did Chandrayaan-3 successful?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans:<\/strong> It enabled Vikram LM to take charge and use its on-board computers and logic to identify a favourable spot and make a soft-landing on the lunar surface.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q. <span class=\"JCzEY ZwRhJd\"><span class=\"CSkcDe\">Who designed Chandrayaan-3?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans:<\/strong> <span class=\"ILfuVd\" lang=\"en\"><span class=\"hgKElc\">Chandrayaan-3 is developed by\u00a0<b>Indian space Research Organization (ISRO)<\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Q. <span class=\"JCzEY ZwRhJd\"><span class=\"CSkcDe\">Who is leading Chandrayaan-3 mission?<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans:<\/strong> The mission director for LVM3-M4\/Chandrayaan 3 is <b>S Mohana Kumar<\/b>, a senior scientists from the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre. Earlier he was served as the director for the successful commercial launch of the One Web India 2 satellites on board the LVM3-M3 mission.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3MWTnuS\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Attempt Current Affairs Quiz for Free! Register Here!<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;India, I reached my destination and you too!&#8217;: Chandrayaan-3.&#8221; Chandrayaan-3 has successfully soft landed on the Moon. Chandrayaan-3 is the third and most recent Indian lunar exploration mission under the Chandrayaan programme of ISRO. On August 23, 2023, the lander and rover made a landing in the vicinity of the lunar south pole. Like the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"featured_media":25564559,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[802,164],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25564536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-current-affairs"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chandrayaan-3 Successfully Soft Landed on the Moon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chandrayaan-3: India&#039;s New Lunar Mission On the Horizon. 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