{"id":25583109,"date":"2024-05-13T21:41:17","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T16:11:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?p=25583109"},"modified":"2024-05-15T18:20:39","modified_gmt":"2024-05-15T12:50:39","slug":"synod-of-diamper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/synod-of-diamper\/","title":{"rendered":"Synod of Diamper &#8211; History, Purpose, Quiz PDF"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d318280136b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d318280136b\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/synod-of-diamper\/#Synod_of_Diamper_%E2%80%93_History_Purpose_Quiz_PDF\" >Synod of Diamper &#8211; History, Purpose, Quiz PDF\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/synod-of-diamper\/#History_of_Synod_of_Diamper\" >History of Synod of Diamper<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/synod-of-diamper\/#Synod_of_Diamper_Quiz_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF\" >Synod of Diamper Quiz &#8211; Free PDF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/synod-of-diamper\/#Synod_of_Diamper_Quiz\" >Synod of Diamper Quiz<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/synod-of-diamper\/#Quiz_Answers\" >Quiz Answers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>The history of Christianity in Kerala starts with the arrival of Apostle St Thomas in Muzris in AD52. He established the Ezharapallikal (Seven and a half churches) in Kerala. The first church was built in Kodungalloor. They were called St. Thomas Christians Syrian Christians or Nasranis. Europeans were surprised to see on their arrival that there was a Christian community already existing in Kerala. Let us read more to know about how Portuguese intervention created conflicts and the whole history of the Synod of Diamper.<\/p>\n<div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Kerala-history.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Kerala-history.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25560083\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><button class=\"btn btn-default\">\u00a0KERALA history study notes &#8211; FREE PDF<\/button><\/p>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Synod_of_Diamper_%E2%80%93_History_Purpose_Quiz_PDF\"><\/span><strong>Synod of Diamper &#8211; History, Purpose, Quiz PDF\u00a0<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Greek word synod refers to a gathering of religious leaders for a conference or assembly to examine broad matters about the church. Currently, the term Synod refers to a gathering of bishops. The book Jornado, written by Gouvea and published in Portuguese in Portugal in CE 1606, is the only source of information available regarding the Synod of Diamper. The text was translated into English by Dr. Pius Melekandathil. After attending the Synod of Diamper, Archbishop Alexis Menezes travelled to Goa, where he wrote this book, which captures the social environment of 16th-century Malabar. It sounds like a travelogue in both tone and tenor. Let us look more at the history of the Synod of Diamper.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Synod of Diamper Summary<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Synod of Diamper (known as \u0d09\u0d26\u0d2f\u0d02\u0d2a\u0d47\u0d30\u0d42\u0d7c \u0d38\u0d42\u0d28\u0d39\u0d26\u0d4b\u0d38\u0d4d in Malayalam) was held in June 1599 at Udayamperur in Ernakulam. It was a diocesan synod. In other words, a council which was put on to create rules and regulations for the subjugations and Latinisation of the ancient Saint Thomas Christians also known as Mar Thoma Nasranis. They belonged to the Malabar coast of present-day Kerala India.<\/p>\n<p>These guidelines were intended to formally subjugate them and downgrade their whole Metropolitanate of India to the Diocese of Angamale, a suffragan to the Archdiocese of Goa run by Latin Church Padroado missionaries. This synod also imposed forced Liturgical Latinization and the abandonment of indigenous rituals and beliefs. This sparked a massive ecclesiastical protest by Saint Thomas Christians. This protest is\u00a0known as the Coonan Cross Oath and it\u00a0resulted in a schism in the mid-17th century.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Key Point for Exam Preparation<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Some of the key points repeatedly asked for the exams on the subject of Synod of Diamper are given below.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Christianity was propagated in Kerala by St. Thomas<\/li>\n<li>St Thomas first reached Kerala in 52 AD in Muzris.<\/li>\n<li>He established Ezharapallikal.<\/li>\n<li>The first Christian church in Kerala is in Kodungallor.<\/li>\n<li>Syrian Christians in Kerala are also known by the name Nasranis.<\/li>\n<li>Synod of Diamper was held in AD 1599 June 20 to 26.<\/li>\n<li>It was presided over by Alexis de Menezes.<\/li>\n<li>Alexis de Menezes was the Methran of Goa.<\/li>\n<li>The synod aimed to bring the Syrian Christians under the rule of Rome and the Pope.<\/li>\n<li>813 people participated in it, 133 priests, 20 decans, and 660 ordinary citizens.<\/li>\n<li>The Syrian Christians were unimpressed by the results of the Synod of Diamper.<\/li>\n<li>So, they gathered near Mattancheri&#8217;s old cross in AD 1653 January 3<sup>rd<\/sup> and took an oath that they would never follow the regulations set up by the Latin Bishops. This is known as the Oath of Koonan Cross.<\/li>\n<li>This movement was inspired by the rumours that the Portuguese killed the Babylonian Syrian Bishop Mar Ahettella, who was travelling to Kerala to resolve the conflict caused by Portuguese missionary influence on the Syrian Christian community.<\/li>\n<li>After the Oath of Koonan Cross, the Syrian Christians made the Archdeacon Thomas i.e., Mar Thoma 1 their Metrapolita.<\/li>\n<li>The Synod of Diamper was an event that denoted the failure of the religious colonisation of the Portuguese in Kerala.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"History_of_Synod_of_Diamper\"><\/span><strong>History of Synod of Diamper<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>First, we have to learn about the early days of Christianity in Kerala and how Portuguese influence disrupted their peaceful existence to fully understand the significance of the Synod of Diamper. Let us start from there.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Early History of the Saint Thomas Christians <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Saint Thomas Christians\u00a0traced\u00a0their lineage back to the Patriarch of Seleucia-Ctesiphon and the Church of the East of Persia. They relied\u00a0on their bishops. While Middle Eastern bishops served as the Church\u2019s spiritual leaders, the general administration of the Church of Kerala was overseen by a local priest known as Arkkadiyakkon or Archdeacon. The archdeacon served as the community leader for Saint Thomas Christians. There was only one archdeacon for the whole Saint Thomas Community, even during periods when there were several foreign bishops.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Saint Thomas Christians and Portuguese Missionaries <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In 1500, a group of 19 missionaries arrived in Malabar as part of the Portuguese fleet under Pedro Alvarez Cabral\u2019s command. Franciscans made up more than half of them. Missionaries made up the majority of the later groups who arrived from Portugal. At first, the Saint Thomas Christians and the Portuguese missionaries got along well, but between 1520 and 1530, things started to go wrong. The reason for this is that the Portuguese started forcing their religious customs on the Christians of Malabar.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Collapse of Church of East and Schism<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Church of the East collapsed in 1552 as a result of the schism. Under the direction of Yohannan Sulaqa, a group that is now known as the Chaldean Catholic Church came into communion with the Church of Rome. It is hard to pinpoint the precise impact of this division on the Saint Thomas Christian Church in Malabar. Bishops from the Nestorian and Chaldean Catholic groups started travelling to Kerala after the schism. One of the final bishops from the Church of the East was Abraham, also called Abraham of Angamaly. Mar Abraham came to\u00a0India before to 1556 as a Nestorian bishop from the regular Nestorian Patriarchate.<\/p>\n<p>The patriarch submitted letters to Pope Pius IV and re-consecrated Abraham. In 1565, Abraham was ordained as an episcopal member a third time, in Rome. In 1568, he returned to India. Despite the Pope\u2019s unequivocal endorsement, the Portuguese authorities in Goa did not welcome him, leading to his second imprisonment. But Abraham managed to flee in 1570 and made his way to Malabar, where he led his followers in rebellion against the Portuguese until his passing in 1597.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Events Leading Up to the Synod <\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Aleixo de Menezes, the Archbishop of Goa, started working to unite the Archdiocese of Angamaly under Goa following Abraham\u2019s passing. Menezes proposed Francis Ros to be Angamaly\u2019s Administrator. However, at this point, Abraham had appointed Archdeacon George (of the Cross) to assume the role of administrator of the Archdiocese of Angamaly by tradition. As a result, Menezes was forced to remove the administrator.\u00a0However, Menesis was\u00a0determined that the Pope should have absolute spiritual authority over Saint Thomas Christians. He asked the Goan viceroy, the Portuguese captain of Kochi, and the Kochi king for assistance with this. Additionally, the Portuguese took great care at the ports to keep Kerala out of the hands of any Eastern Bishops.<\/p>\n<p>Malabar was visited by Archbishop Menezes in February of 1599. Menezes threatened to dismiss Archdeacon George and replace him with Thomas Kurian, a different nephew of George whose claims had been rejected in 1593. George bowed to Menezes\u2019s demands to avoid a rift. Menezes held a synod in June 1599 after conducting a visitation in several Saint Thomas Christian parishes, winning over the local authorities and a portion of the clergy, ordaining a sizable number of new priests and compelling the Archdeacon to bow to him. The Synod was to be held at a little town called Diamper (Udayamperur), near Kochi, the Portuguese stronghold, rather than the diocese\u2019s centre in Angamaly.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>The <\/strong><strong>Synod of Diamper<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>On June 20, 1599, the third Sunday following Pentecost, the synod convened solemnly at the Diamper (Udayamperoor) church. It met there until June 26, 1599. There were 660 civilian delegates and 153 local priests present at the synod. Menezes led the assembly in prayer. Babylon\u2019s patriarch was denounced as a heretic and schismatic, and they were forced to make a vow that they would only recognize a bishop chosen by Rome. The problematic Synod of Diamper recognized the Church of Saint Thomas Christians\u2019 Latinization.<\/p>\n<p>Because the synod was called under fear of excommunication by the archbishop of a nearby archdiocese, academicians have questioned the legitimacy of the assembly and whether it broke canon law. The pope also permitted him to name an apostolic administrator instead of the typical diocesan archbishop, although with restricted authority. There were changes in liturgy. Many prayers, hymns etc were changed if they seemed to be heretical to the Portuguese. Many of the holy books of the Syrian Christian community were banned and burned. However, the results of the synod were not as successful as the Portuguese missionaries expected.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>After Effects <\/strong><strong>of Synod of Diamper<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Many Hindu doctrines, particularly those concerning astrology, fate, and transmigration, were condemned by the Synod of Diamper. Hindu rituals and procedures associated with marriage, birth, death, and untouchability were completely abandoned, even though they were common among Saint Thomas\u2019s Christian population. They were even forbidden from attending Onam and other Hindu holidays. The synod also denounced the idea that any man, regardless of faith, may be saved by following God\u2019s commandments, which are all righteous and lead to heaven.<\/p>\n<p>The synod forbade Christian educators from putting any Hindu idols in their classrooms or utilizing any of them. Clergymen were prohibited from marital relations, military service to Hindu rulers, and other secular indulgences. Polygamy and concubinage were also prohibited. Hindu musicians were previously employed to perform in Christian churches, but the synod specifically prohibited the practice.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Oath of Bend Cross\/ Koonan Kurishu Sathyam<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The violent response of the Saint Thomas Christian community was sparked by the harsh authority of the Portuguese Padroado. In 1653, the first serious protest took place. On Friday, January 24, 1653, Nasranis assembled in Mattancherry church under the direction of Archdeacon Thoma, and they took an oath known as the Great Oath of Bent Cross. Those who were unable to come into contact with the cross-tied ropes in the cross and took the oath while holding the rope in their hands. The cross is reported to have bent somewhat due to its weight, hence the name \u201cOath of the bent cross.\u201d<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Present-Day Impact of Synod of Diamper<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Archdeacon Thomas was ordained as Thoma I by twelve church priests four months after the Coonan Cross Oath was taken. The Portuguese missionaries failed in their attempts to make peace with the Saint Thomas Christians. The group associated with Palliveettil Chandy and the Catholic Church was known as the Pazhayak\u016bttukar, also known as the \u201cOld Party\u201d or \u201cPazhayakoor faction,\u201d. The group associated with Thoma I was referred to as the Puthank\u016bttukar, also known as the \u201cPuthenkoor faction\u201d or \u201cNew Party.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Saint Thomas Christians are now members of multiple churches as a result of several splits that have occurred. The Puthenkoor faction split into the following factions.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church<\/li>\n<li>Jacobite Syrian Christian Church<\/li>\n<li>Mar Thoma Syrian Church<\/li>\n<li>Saint Thomas Anglicans of the Church of South India<\/li>\n<li>Syro-Malankara Catholic Church<\/li>\n<li>Thomas Evangelical Church of India<\/li>\n<li>Malabar Independent Syrian Church.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The Pazhayakoor faction split into the following.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Syro-Malabar Church<\/li>\n<li>Chaldean Syrian Church.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Synod_of_Diamper_Quiz_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF\"><\/span><strong>Synod of Diamper Quiz &#8211; Free PDF<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Synod-of-Diamper-Quiz-1.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Synod-of-Diamper-Quiz-1.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25560083\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><button class=\"btn btn-default\">SYNOD OF DIAMPER QUIZ PDF<\/button><\/p>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Synod_of_Diamper_Quiz\"><\/span><strong>Synod of Diamper Quiz<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Which apostle of Christ propagated Christianity in Kerala?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Paul<\/li>\n<li>Peter<\/li>\n<li>Thomas<\/li>\n<li>Mathew<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>In Which year did St. Thomas arrive in Kerala?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>51 AD<\/li>\n<li>52 AD<\/li>\n<li>53 AD<\/li>\n<li>54 AD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>In which port did St Thomas arrive in Kerala?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Kappad<\/li>\n<li>Kochi<\/li>\n<li>Muzris<\/li>\n<li>Mahi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong>Who established Ezharapallikal in Kerala?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Paul<\/li>\n<li>Peter<\/li>\n<li>Thomas<\/li>\n<li>Mathew<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong>Where was the first Christian church established in Kerala?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Kochi<\/li>\n<li>Kodungallor<\/li>\n<li>Kappad<\/li>\n<li>Muzris<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li><strong>Synod of Diamper was conducted in which year?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>AD 1599 July 20 to 26<\/li>\n<li>AD 1598 June 20 to 26<\/li>\n<li>AD 1598 July 20 to 26<\/li>\n<li>AD 1599 June 20 to 26<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li><strong>Who presided over Synod of Diamper?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Alexis de Mensis<\/li>\n<li>Alvarez Cabral<\/li>\n<li>Thoma 1<\/li>\n<li>Thomas<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong>Alexis de Menesis was the Methran of ___?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>Mahi<\/li>\n<li>Goa<\/li>\n<li>Angamali<\/li>\n<li>Kochi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><strong>When was the Oath of the Bend Cross?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>AD 1653 January 3<sup>rd<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>AD 1654 January 2<sup>nd <\/sup><\/li>\n<li>AD 1653 June 3<sup>rd<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>AD 1653 June 2<sup>nd <\/sup><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li><strong>What was the aim of the Synod of Diamper?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>to bring the Syrian Christians under the rule of Rome and the Pope.<\/li>\n<li>to bring the Syrian Christians under the rule of Patirachis.<\/li>\n<li>to bring the Catholics under the rule of Rome and the Pope.<\/li>\n<li>to bring the Syrian Christians under the rule of Portuguese Royalty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quiz_Answers\"><\/span><strong>Quiz Answers<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>Thomas<\/li>\n<li>52 AD<\/li>\n<li>Muzris<\/li>\n<li>Thomas<\/li>\n<li>Kodungallor<\/li>\n<li>AD 1599 June 20 to 26<\/li>\n<li>Alexis de Mensis<\/li>\n<li>Goa<\/li>\n<li>AD 1653 January 3<sup>rd<\/sup><\/li>\n<li>to bring the Syrian Christians under the rule of Rome and the Pope.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><div class=\"modal\" id=\"modal25560083\"><div class=\"modal-content\"><span class=\"close-button\">&times;<\/span>\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f25560083-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"25560083\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25583109#wpcf7-f25560083-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"25560083\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.4\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" 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e&&!e.innerHTML.trim()&&(turnstile.remove(\"#cf-turnstile-cf7-2047077904\"), turnstile.render(\"#cf-turnstile-cf7-2047077904\", {sitekey:\"0x4AAAAAABVigxtkiZeGTu5L\"})); }, 0); });<\/script> <br class=\"cf-turnstile-br cf-turnstile-br-cf7-2047077904\"> <style>#cf-turnstile-cf7-2047077904 { margin-left: -15px; }<\/style> <script>document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){document.querySelectorAll('.wpcf7-form').forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener('submit',function(){if(document.getElementById('cf-turnstile-cf7-2047077904')){setTimeout(function(){turnstile.reset('#cf-turnstile-cf7-2047077904');},1000)}})})});<\/script> <\/div><br\/><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" \/>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The history of Christianity in Kerala starts with the arrival of Apostle St Thomas in Muzris in AD52. He established the Ezharapallikal (Seven and a half churches) in Kerala. The first church was built in Kodungalloor. They were called St. Thomas Christians Syrian Christians or Nasranis. Europeans were surprised to see on their arrival that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":25583110,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[802,558],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25583109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-general-knowledge"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Synod of Diamper - History, Purpose, Quiz PDF - Entri Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Synod of Diamper was held in June 1599 at Udayamperur in Ernakulam. 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