{"id":25591800,"date":"2024-09-04T18:28:02","date_gmt":"2024-09-04T12:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?p=25591800"},"modified":"2024-09-04T18:28:02","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T12:58:02","slug":"chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/","title":{"rendered":"Chemistry Basics \u2013 Atoms, Molecules, Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d1213dbf5ff\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d1213dbf5ff\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/#Atoms\" >Atoms<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/#Molecules\" >Molecules<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/#Elements\" >Elements<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/#Compounds\" >Compounds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/#Mixtures\" >Mixtures<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/#Chemistry_Basics_MCQs\" >Chemistry Basics MCQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>In this article, let us familiarize with some of the the fundamentals of chemistry. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and transformation of matter [matter is defined as any substance with rest size and mass (occupying space) and forms particles] .Chemistry is primarily concerned with atoms (a fundamental element in chemistry) and their interactions with other atoms.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s explore some fundamental concepts in chemistry: atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, and mixtures.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atoms\"><\/span>Atoms<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>An\u00a0atom\u00a0is a basic unit of\u00a0matter\u00a0that consists of a central\u00a0nucleus\u00a0surrounded by negatively charged electrons. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in different orbits.<\/p>\n<h4>Subatomic particles<\/h4>\n<p>The constituent particles of an atom are called subatomic particles. They mainly include protons, electrons and neutrons.\u00a0The electron is the least massive of these particles at\u00a09.11\u00d710\u221231\u00a0kg with a negative\u00a0charge. Protons have a positive charge and Neutrons have no electrical charge.<\/p>\n<p><em>Discoveries:<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00a0 \u00a0 <em><strong>Proton by Ernest Rutherford\u00a0in 1918.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 Electron by J.J. Thomson in 1897.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<li><em><strong>\u00a0 \u00a0 Neutron by James Chadwick in 1932.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>Nucleus<\/h4>\n<p>The central part of an atom is called nucleus. Particles present inside the nucleus are called nucleons and they include mainly protons and neutrons. Due to the presence of protons nucleus has a positive charge.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Molecules\"><\/span>Molecules<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Molecules are made of atoms of one or more elements. Some molecules are made only by one type of atoms (two oxygen atoms bond together to form O2 molecule) while molecules like protein are made up of atoms from different elements.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Elements\"><\/span>Elements<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>A chemical element is a pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom distinguished by its atomic number. Carbon, Oxygen, Silicon, Arsenic, Aluminum, Iron, Copper, Gold, Mercury etc. are all examples of elements.<\/p>\n<p>Note :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Hydrogen and Helium are the most abundant elements in the universe.<\/li>\n<li>Iron is the most abundant element (by mass) in the earth.<\/li>\n<li>Oxygen is the most common element in the earth\u2019s crust.<\/li>\n<li>The 8 most abundant elements in Earth\u2019s crust (by mass) are the following :<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00a0 46.6% Oxygen (O)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 27.7% Silicon (Si)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 8.1% Aluminum (Al)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 5.0% Iron (Fe)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 3.6% Calcium (Ca)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 2.8% Sodium (Na)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 2.6% Potassium (K)<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0 2.1% Magnesium (Mg)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4>Periodic Table<\/h4>\n<p>Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev is the father of periodic table.\u00a0The first detailed form of the periodic table was developed by Mendeleev (based on mass number) but later\u00a0<b>Henry Gwyn Jeffrey\u2019s Moseley\u00a0<\/b>made a new periodic table based on atomic number. Mosley is called the father of modern periodic table.<\/p>\n<h4>Natural elements<\/h4>\n<p>The elements which occur in naturally on earth are called natural elements.<\/p>\n<p>Eg: Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon etc.<\/p>\n<h4>Synthetic or man-made elements<\/h4>\n<p><b>A synthetic element\u00a0is a chemical element\u00a0that does not occur naturally on\u00a0the earth.\u00a0These are prepared by\u00a0<\/b>artificially<b>\u00a0and\u00a0<\/b><b>are unstable. The first synthetic element made was Technetium.<\/b><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Compounds\"><\/span>Compounds<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Compounds contain more than one kind of atoms (more on atoms, later). It cannot be separated into constituent atoms by simple methods.<\/p>\n<p>Eg: common salt (NaCl),\u00a0Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mixtures\"><\/span>Mixtures<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Mixtures are a combination of two or more substances, which when combined, each substance retains its own chemical identity.\u00a0Examples of Mixtures include :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sand and water.<\/li>\n<li>salt and water.<\/li>\n<li>sugar and salt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Mixtures are classified into two main types:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Homogeneous mixtures<\/strong>: The components are evenly distributed, and the mixture appears uniform, such as saltwater.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Heterogeneous mixtures<\/strong>: The components are not evenly distributed, and different parts of the mixture can be seen, such as a salad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Chemistry_Basics_MCQs\"><\/span><strong>Chemistry Basics MCQs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Here are some multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to the basics of chemistry, focusing on atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, and mixtures:<\/p>\n<h3>1. <strong>What is the smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) Molecule<\/li>\n<li>B) Atom<\/li>\n<li>C) Compound<\/li>\n<li>D) Mixture<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B) Atom<\/p>\n<h3>2. <strong>Which of the following is a compound?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) Oxygen (O\u2082)<\/li>\n<li>B) Water (H\u2082O)<\/li>\n<li>C) Nitrogen (N\u2082)<\/li>\n<li>D) Hydrogen (H\u2082)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B) Water (H\u2082O)<\/p>\n<h3>3. <strong>Which of the following statements is true about elements?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) They can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.<\/li>\n<li>B) They consist of atoms with the same number of protons.<\/li>\n<li>C) They are always found in a combined state.<\/li>\n<li>D) They are composed of different types of atoms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B) They consist of atoms with the same number of protons.<\/p>\n<h3>4. <strong>Which of the following is an example of a mixture?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) Table salt (NaCl)<\/li>\n<li>B) Pure water (H\u2082O)<\/li>\n<li>C) Air<\/li>\n<li>D) Carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> C) Air<\/p>\n<h3>5. <strong>Which of the following is true about a molecule?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) It is always made up of two or more atoms of the same element.<\/li>\n<li>B) It is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the properties of the compound.<\/li>\n<li>C) It is always a combination of different elements.<\/li>\n<li>D) It cannot be broken down by chemical means.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B) It is the smallest unit of a compound that retains the properties of the compound.<\/p>\n<h3>6. <strong>What is the main difference between a compound and a mixture?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) Compounds are chemically combined, while mixtures are physically combined.<\/li>\n<li>B) Compounds can be separated by physical means, while mixtures cannot.<\/li>\n<li>C) Compounds are always homogeneous, while mixtures are always heterogeneous.<\/li>\n<li>D) Compounds always consist of elements, while mixtures consist of molecules.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A) Compounds are chemically combined, while mixtures are physically combined.<\/p>\n<h3>7. <strong>Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mixture?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) It can be separated into its components by physical means.<\/li>\n<li>B) It has a fixed composition.<\/li>\n<li>C) Its components retain their original properties.<\/li>\n<li>D) It can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B) It has a fixed composition.<\/p>\n<h3>8. <strong>Which of the following is a characteristic of an element?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) It can be broken down into simpler substances.<\/li>\n<li>B) It consists of only one type of atom.<\/li>\n<li>C) It is always found in a gaseous state.<\/li>\n<li>D) It always exists as a single atom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> B) It consists of only one type of atom.<\/p>\n<h3>9. <strong>Which of the following correctly describes a compound?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) It consists of two or more elements chemically bonded together.<\/li>\n<li>B) It can be separated into its elements by physical means.<\/li>\n<li>C) It is made up of only one type of atom.<\/li>\n<li>D) It always exists in a gaseous state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> A) It consists of two or more elements chemically bonded together.<\/p>\n<h3>10. <strong>What happens when a chemical reaction occurs between elements to form a compound?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>A) The atoms of the elements are destroyed.<\/li>\n<li>B) The elements retain their original properties.<\/li>\n<li>C) The atoms of the elements are rearranged to form a new substance.<\/li>\n<li>D) The elements physically combine to form a mixture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Answer:<\/strong> C) The atoms of the elements are rearranged to form a new substance.<\/p>\n<p>These questions cover fundamental concepts in chemistry and should be helpful for anyone studying the basics of the subject.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In this article, let us familiarize with some of the the fundamentals of chemistry. Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, properties, and transformation of matter [matter is defined as any substance with rest size and mass (occupying space) and forms particles] .Chemistry is primarily concerned with atoms (a fundamental element in chemistry) and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":113,"featured_media":25591834,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[802,1877],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25591800","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Chemistry Basics - Notes PDF, Quiz<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/chemistry-basics-atoms-molecules-elements-compounds-and-mixtures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chemistry Basics - Notes PDF, Quiz\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In this article, let us familiarize with some of the the fundamentals of chemistry. 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