{"id":25623878,"date":"2025-09-11T12:28:30","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T06:58:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?p=25623878"},"modified":"2025-09-11T13:02:04","modified_gmt":"2025-09-11T07:32:04","slug":"kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/","title":{"rendered":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 PDF &#038; Exam Pattern"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e5c1fe95afc\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e5c1fe95afc\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_Pathology_Exam_2025_Highlights\" >Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Exam 2025 Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_Pathology_Syllabus_2025_PDF\" >Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 PDF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_2025_Previous_Question_Papers_%E2%80%93_Free_PYQs\" >Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant 2025 Previous Question Papers &#8211; Free PYQs<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_Pathology_Exam_Pattern_2025\" >Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Exam Pattern 2025<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_Pathology_Syllabus_2025_%E2%80%93_Detailed\" >Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 &#8211; Detailed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>The Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant (Pathology) exam (Category No. 279\/2024) is conducted by the Medical Education Department through direct recruitment. The exam will be held on 12 September 2025 in OMR mode for 100 marks, with a duration of 1 hour 40 minutes in English. In this blog, we have attached the syllabus PDF to help candidates plan their preparation. Download now!<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_Pathology_Exam_2025_Highlights\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Exam 2025 Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"table\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Exam Details<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>Information<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Post<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Scientific Assistant (Pathology)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Department<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Medical Education Department<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Conducted by<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Kerala Public Service Commission (Kerala PSC)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Category Number<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>279\/2024<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Exam Date<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>12 September 2025 (Friday)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Exam Time<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>7:00 AM \u2013 8:50 AM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Mode<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>OMR Examination<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Total Marks<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>100 Marks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Medium of Exam<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>English<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Duration<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>1 Hour 40 Minutes (100 Minutes)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Admit Card Release<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>29 August 2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Recruitment Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Direct Recruitment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_Pathology_Syllabus_2025_PDF\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 PDF<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For focused preparation, candidates can refer to the official Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 PDF attached below. It provides a detailed, module-wise outline of all important topics, helping aspirants structure their study plan and cover the essential areas without missing anything. Download now!<\/p>\n<div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/SCIENTIFIC-ASSISTANT___PATHOLOGY.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/SCIENTIFIC-ASSISTANT___PATHOLOGY.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><button class=\"btn btn-default\"> Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus<\/button><\/p>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_2025_Previous_Question_Papers_%E2%80%93_Free_PYQs\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant 2025 Previous Question Papers &#8211; Free PYQs<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>PYQS Code<\/th>\n<th>PDF<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>020\/16<\/b><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/scientific-assistant-question-paper1.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/scientific-assistant-question-paper1.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>44\/2016\/OL<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/PSC-Scientific-Assistant-Previous-Question-Paper-2.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/PSC-Scientific-Assistant-Previous-Question-Paper-2.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>22\/2023<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/qn-022-2023.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/qn-022-2023.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_Pathology_Exam_Pattern_2025\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Exam Pattern 2025<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant (Pathology) exam 2025 will be conducted in OMR mode for a total of 100 marks, with a duration of 1 hour 40 minutes (100 minutes). The question paper will be in English and will cover all topics mentioned in the official syllabus. Each wrong answer carries a penalty of 1\/3 mark, so candidates should answer carefully.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Part<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>Module \/ Topic<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>Marks<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Part I \u2013 Zoology<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Animal Diversity and Evolution<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Biophysics<\/td>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Animal Physiology<\/td>\n<td>12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Immunology<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Animal Biotechnology<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Developmental Biology<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Human Genetics<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Recent Developments in Zoology<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Total \u2013 Zoology<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>50<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Part II \u2013 Chemistry<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Inorganic Chemistry-1<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Inorganic Chemistry-2<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Inorganic Chemistry-3<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Organic Chemistry-1<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Organic Chemistry-2<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Organic Chemistry-3<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Physical Chemistry-1<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Physical Chemistry-2<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Physical Chemistry-3<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Analytical, Environmental, Material &amp; Supramolecular Chemistry<\/td>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Total \u2013 Chemistry<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>50<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_Scientific_Assistant_Pathology_Syllabus_2025_%E2%80%93_Detailed\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 &#8211; Detailed<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For a thorough preparation, candidates can refer to the detailed subject-wise syllabus\u00a0attached below. It covers all modules and topics for Zoology and Chemistry, helping aspirants plan their study effectively and ensure no important area is missed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>PART I : Zoology &#8211; (50 Marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Module I: Animal Diversity and Evolution ( 5 marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Animal Diversity:<\/strong> Lower Metazoans: Porifera, Cnidaria-Polymorphism, Ctenophora, Acoelomata, Placozoa, Mesozoa and Pseudo-coelomata, Echinoderms: Classification Hemichordates: Position in the animal kingdom, Chordates: Cephalochordates and Urochordates. Vertebrate Phylogeny-Agnatha, Ostraco derms and Gnathostomes Placoderms, Acanthodians, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes. Structural and Functional adaptations of fishes. Terrestrial Vertebrates: Tetrapod phylogeny &#8211; modern Amphibians, diversity, distribution, status and threats. Reptiles- diversity, Birds and Mammals: diversity. Class Mammalia: Prototheria, Metatheria and Eutheria. Phylogeny of Mammalian orders. Scientific names and common names of organisms under all phylums.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Evolution:<\/strong> The First Cell. Evolution of Prokaryotes- origin of eukaryotic cells- evolution of unicellular eukaryotes, genome evolution. Geological Timescale. Major events in evolutionary timescale. Anthropocene. Tools and techniques in estimating evolutionary time scale. Mass extinction and its consequences. Fossils- fossilization and its significance, Types of fossilization. Population Genetics. Gene pool, gene frequency, Hardy-Weinberg Law. Rate of change in gene frequency through natural selection, migration and random genetic drift. Founder effect. Cytogenetic and molecular basis of origin of Man-African origin of modern man- Mitochondrial Eve, Y chromosomal Adam<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module II: Biophysics (3 marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Microarrays-significance of proteomics and drug design, Systems Biology, metabolomics, gene network, synthetic biology, Radiation Biophysics: Ionizing radiation, units of radioactivity, exposure and dose. Interaction of radiation with matter \u2013 effect on nucleic acids, proteins, enzymes and carbohydrates. Cellular effects of radiation: somatic and genetic. Radiation dosimetry, radioactive isotopes, auto radiography, Cerenkov radiation, liquid scintillation techniques, Flow cytometry and fluorescence.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module III: Animal Physiology (12 marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Nutrition:<\/strong> Constituents of normal diet and their daily requirements. Physiological calorie value of food stuffs. Antioxidant nutrients. Movements of GI tract, deglutition, gastric motility and emptying, intestinal motility and defecation. Mechanism of absorption of monosaccarides, amino acids and lipids and vitamins. The role of hormones and neurotransmitters in the control of gastrointestinal Motility. Energy balance and obesitycauses and consequences. BMR and its significance. Excretory<\/p>\n<p><strong>System:<\/strong> Introduction: Brief description of different types of excretory organs in different animal groups (flame cells, green glands, malpighian tubules). Functional anatomy of mammalian kidney, nephron and juxtaglomerular apparatus- structure, parts and function. Urine formation (glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion) Regulation of water balance -Mechanism of concentration of urine \u2013 Counter Current system. Renal regulation of acid- base balance &amp; electrolyte balance. Structure of urinary bladder, micturition reflex and micturition. Renal clearance \u2013 definition, concept and significance; clearance value of urea, creatinine, phosphate, potassium, chloride and sodium.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Respiratory system:<\/strong> Introduction: Brief description of major respiratory organs (tracheal system, book lungs, gills and ctenidia). Physiological anatomy and histology of respiratory passage and lungs. Mechanism of pulmonary ventilation (inspiration &amp; expiration). Alveolar ventilation, dead space and its effect on alveolar ventilation. Role of surfactant in alveolar expansion. Pulmonary volumes and capacities \u2013 definition &amp; normal values (tidal volume, inspiratory reserve volume, expiratory reserve volume, residual volume, functional residual capacity, inspiratory capacity, vital capacity, total lung capacity). Exchange of gases- partial pressures involved-lung and tissues. Oxygen dissociation curve \u2013 factors affecting binding of oxygen to haemoglobin (PO2, PCO2, CO, pH, body temperature, diphosphoglyceric acid level, foetal haemoglobin and also myoglobin). Neural and chemical regulation of respiration: Respiratory centres &amp; factors regulating respiration.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nervous system:<\/strong> Organisation of human brain. Cerebrum and cerebral lobe. Cerebral cortex and its functional areas- Motor cortex, Broca\u2019s area, cortex and its association area, gustatory cortex, visual cortex and its association area, auditory cortex and its association area, olfactory cortex, wernick\u2019s area, Brodman map, cerebral dominance. Cortical white matter- commissures, association fibers, projection fibers, corpus callosum and fornix, basal nuclei, Brain stem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon. Functional brain systems &#8211; Limbic system and reticular formation. Protection of brain \u2013 Meninges, cerebrospinal fluid- formation and function, blood brain barrier and its function. Diseased states of brain &#8211; schizophrenia, Alzheimer\u2019s disease, Senile dementia &amp; Parkinson\u2019s disease. Memory- types of memory- somatosensory, short term, intermediate long term and Long term memory, consolidation of memory. PNS and Autonomic nervous system. Spinal cord \u2013 structure. Reflex action, reflex arc, monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes, inverse stretch reflex and Golgi tendon organ. Special senses<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vision:<\/strong> Structure of eyeball Fluid systems of the eye Layers of Retina and photoreceptors (rods &amp; cones) Neuronal cell types and neural circuitry of the retina and visual pathways from retina to visual cortex Image formation Taste: Primary sensations of taste. Taste buds, Physiology of taste, Smell: Olfactory membrane and receptor cells Physiology of olfaction, Tactile response: Mechanoreceptor, Pain receptors, Thermal receptors, Formation of image on the retina. A brief general account of electrophysiology of vision Photochemistry of vision and colour vision<\/p>\n<p><strong>Cardiovascular system:<\/strong> Structural organization of myogenic heart (in human beings). Physiological anatomy of cardiac muscle \u2013 specialized tissue. Cardiac cycle. Neural and chemical regulation of heart function. Blood volume and blood pressure. Physiological anatomy of coronary blood flow, Ischemic heart disease. Lymphatic System. Lymph channels of the body. Composition and formation of lymph. Functions of lymph and lymphatic system including. Muscle physiology, Skeletal, Smooth and Cardiac muscles, physiology of muscle contraction, muscle proteins, molecular mechanism of muscle contraction, muscle twitch, rigor mortis, summation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Endocrinology:<\/strong> Invertebrate and vertebrate endocrine system. Endocrine glands. Synthesis, physiologic role, control and mechanisms of hormone action. Neuroendocrine regulation of hormone action. Disorders of hormonal imbalance in Man. Reproductive physiology: Anatomy and histology of adult testis and ovary. Reproductive cycles of mammals and their hormonal control. Physiology of implantation, pregnancy, parturition, and lactation. Environmental Physiology: Thermoregulation. Comfort zone, normal body temperatures (oral, skin &amp; core). Temperature regulating mechanism (hot &amp; cold), role of hypothalamus, thyroid and adrenal glands.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module IV: Immunology (10 marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> Hematopoiesis \u2013<\/strong> Lymphoid and myeloid lineages. Hematopoieti c growth factors. Genes that regulate hematopoiesis. Regulation of hematopoiesis. B- Lymphocytes, Tlymphocytes and Antigen presenting cells. Antigens Immunogenicity, Antigenicity. Factors that influence immunogenicity. Adjuvants. Haptens. Epitopes. Properties of Bcell and T- cell epitopes. Immunoglobulins (Antibodies) Structure and function of Antibody molecules. Generation of Antibody diversity. Immunoglobulin gene. Antigenic determinants of immunoglobulin &#8211; (a) Isotype (b) Allotype (c) Idiotype. B cell receptor (BCR). Monoclonal Antibodies. Production of Monoclonal Antibodies (Hybridoma technology). Clinical uses of Monoclonal Antibodies. Antibody Engineering. AntigenAntibody Interactions Strength of antigen \u2013 antibody interactions. (a) Antibody affinity (b) Antibody avidity. Cross- reactivity. Precipitation reactions. Humoral immunity. Cellular immunity. T- Cell receptor, TCR- CD3 complex. Activation, maturation and differentiation of B-Cells and T-Cells. Immune effector mechanism. Cytokines. Cytokine antagonists. Cytokine secretion by TH1 and TH2- cells. Cytokine related diseases. (a) Bacterial septic- shock (b) chaga\u201fs disease) (c) lymphoid and myeloid cancers\u00a0 Therapeutic uses of cytokines. Toll- like receptors. The Complement system. The functions of complement components. Complement activation (a) Classical pathway (b) Alternate pathway (c) Lectin pathway. Regulation of complement system. Biological consequences of complement activation. Complement deficiencies. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) General organization and inheritance of MHC. MHC molecules and genes. Cellular distribution of MHC. Antigen-processing and presentation- Exogenous and Endogenous pathways. Presentation of non- peptide antigens.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Transplantation immunology:<\/strong> Auto graft, Allograft, Isograft and xenograft<br \/>\nImmunological basis of graft rejection. Role of cell- mediated responses. Bone marrow transplantation, Transplantation antigens. General immune suppressive therapy. Hypersensitivity Reactions. Allergens IgE- mediated (type- I) hypersensitivity. Antibodymediated cytotoxic (type- II) hypersensitivity. Immune complex- mediated (type- III) hypersensitivity. TDTH- mediated (type- IV) hypersensitivity Vaccines.: Active and passive immunization. Whole organism vaccines. Recombinant vector vaccines. DNA vaccines. Synthetic peptide vaccines. Multivalent vaccines.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module V: Animal Biotechnology ( 8 marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Cell and Tissue culture:<\/strong> Basic techniques of mammalian cell culture, disaggregation of tissue and primary culture, maintenance of cell culture and cell separation. Growth media: Physicochemical properties, natural and artificial, Balanced salt solutions, Complete Media, Serum, Serum-Free Media and protein free media and their applications. Biology and characterization of cultured cells, measurement of viability and cytotoxicity. Manipulation of cultured cell and tissues- scaling up of animal cell culture, cell synchronization, cell transformation, organ and histotypic culture. Tissue engineering: strategies and developments in tissue engineering, Biomaterials. Contamination: Source of contamination, Type of microbial contamination, Monitoring, Eradication of contamination, Cross-Contamination. Cryopreservation &#8211; importance and process of cryopreservation, cryopreservation of embryos, Cryogenics. Transfection Methods: CaPO4 precipitation, Short Gun, Electroporation, Lipofection, Microinjection, Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer. Somatic cell nuclear transfer- reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Gene knockout and knocking technology. Applications of transgenic animals. Stem cell culture : General and historical aspects, properties and types of stem cells, advantages and disadvantages, stem cell niche, application of stem cell technology in medicine. Biotechnology in Healthcare: Disease prevention \u2013 DNA vaccines. Disease diagnosis &#8211; Probes, Monoclonal antibodies, detection of genetic disorders. Disease treatment &#8211; Therapeutic proteins, hormones and growth factors. RNAi, Drug targeting, Gene therapy. Forensic medicine. Biosensors-different types, applications &#8211; medical and non-medical. Biochips and their application. Biotechnology in Industry and Agriculture: Metabolite production. Antibiotics, Organic acids, Amino acids, Vitamins, Upstream processing, downstream processing. Microbial enzymes and biotransformation- Microbial production of enzymes, fermentation, Enzyme engineering and applications. Food industry- Single cell protein, probiotics. Transgenic plants- Plants with resistance to Pests, plants with increased shelf life. Bio fertilizers and microbial inoculants, biotechnology of nitrogen fixation, biocontrol agents, bio-pesticides, bioinsecticides, Terminator gene technology<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module VI: Developmental Biology and Human Genetics ( 10 Marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Developmental Biology ( 8 marks) <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Basic concepts of development Cell fate, potency, determination and differentiation. Commitment, Specification- autonomous, conditional, syncytial. Genomic equivalence and cytoplasmic determinants, Morphogenetic gradients, Genomic Imprinting, The stem cell concept- Progenitor cells, Adult stem cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, Multipotent adult stem cells, Pluripotent Embryonic stem cells, Induction, Competence, Determination and Differentiation, Morphogenetic gradients, Cell fate and cell lineages. Genomic equivalence and Cytoplasmic determinants. Gametogenesis, fertilization and early development: Production of gametes- Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis, Ultrastructure of gametes, Cell surface molecules in sperm-egg recognition in animals (sea urchin and mammals) Zygote formation Encounter of sperm and egg, Capacitation, Acrosome reaction, Activation of ovum, Amphimixis, Prevention of Polyspermy Cleavage and blastula formation, Gastrulation in humans.<\/p>\n<p>Transcription factors induced in the organizer. Neural induction, Regional specificity of induction, Genetic specificity of induction (Paracrine factors &#8211; Hedgehog family, Wnt family, TGF, BMP). Surface receptors and signal transduction pathway &#8211; RTK pathway, Smad pathway, Wnt pathway, Hedgehog pathway and cell death pathway. Differential gene transcription &#8211; exons and introns, promotors, silencers, enhancers,\u00a0 transcription factors, DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, dosage compensation, differential RNA processing; Control of gene expression: translational and post translational control of gene expression. Teratogenesis, Malformations and disruptions, Gene \u2013 phene relationship, Autophene, Allophene and Pleiotrophy; Teratogenic agents (Retinoic acid, pathogens, alcohol, drugs and chemicals, heavy metals). Infertility-Test tube babies (In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer). Cloning experiments- (Mammals and Human).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Human Genetics: (2marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Karyotype, pedigree analysis, Chromosome anomalies: autosomal and sex chromosomal disorders. Lod score for linkage testing, genetic analysis of complex traits &#8211; complex pattern of inheritance, quantitative traits, threshold traits; human genome and mpping. Blood group systems &#8211; ABO, Rh and MN blood groups, Bombay Blood Group, other types, human karyotype and syndromes caused by its aberrations, genetic counselling, pedigree analysis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module \u2013 VII ( 2marks)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Recent Development In Zoology<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>PART II \u2013 CHEMISTRY \u2013 50 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 1 &#8211; Inorganic Chemistry-1 &#8211; 05 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Structure and bonding in molecules- Chemical periodicity- Chemistry of Hydrogen and s block elements- Chemistry of p block elements and d block elements- Extractive chemistry of various metals of commercial importance- Chemistry of\u00a0 Nontransition elements like Glass<\/p>\n<p>Theories of acids and bases- HSAB concept- solvent effects, linear free energy relationship \u2013 mechanism and methods of determination, super acids &#8211; Reactions in Nonaqueous solvents- Protic and Aprotic solvents- Chemistry of Isopoly and Heteropoly acids ;<\/p>\n<p>Silicon-Oxygen compounds; Zeolites ; Xenon and Krypton compounds including their organic and coordination compounds<\/p>\n<p>Synthesis, reactions, structure and bonding in Sulphur-Nitrogen compounds ; SulphurPhosphorus compounds ; Phosphorous Nitrogen compounds ; Boron &#8211; Nitrogen compounds ; Boron hydrides; Organoboranes; Carboranes and metallocarboranes- STYX and WADE rules<\/p>\n<p>Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides including their extraction and applications as well as their coordination complexes and spectral behaviour<\/p>\n<p>Theories of Coordination Chemistry in detail: Werner\u2019s theory &#8211; Crystal field theory \u2013 Ligand field theory \u2013 Molecular orbital theory- Stereochemistry of coordination compoundsJahn Teller distortion- Detailed study of Stability and reactions of metal complexes- Electron transfer, Substitution and Photochemical reactions and their kinetics<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 2 &#8211; Inorganic Chemistry-2 &#8211; 05 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Construction of energy level diagrams. Correlation diagram. Method of descending symmetry. Term symbols; Correlation diagrams for dn and d10 ions in octahedral and tetrahedral fields ; Orgel and Tanabe-Sugano diagrams. Symmetry and Selection rules for electronic spectra , IR and Raman Theory of Electronic, IR, NMR, ESR and Mossbaur spectra of complexes. Different aspects of magnetic properties of complexes and their determination.<\/p>\n<p>Spectroscopic Methods in Inorganic Chemistry- Structural elucidation of coordination compounds containing the following molecules\/ ions as ligands- NH3, H2O, CO, NO, OH\u2013 , SO2 \u2013, CN\u2013, SCN\u2013, NO \u2013, NO \u2013, CH3COO\u2013 and X\u2013(X=halogen). changes in ligand vibration on coordination with metal ions.- CD and ORD spectra of metal complexes- NMR of metal nuclides with emphasis on 11B, 31P and 19F NMR.- ESR spectra: Application to Cu(II) complexes and inorganic free radicals such as PH4, F \u2013 and [BH ]\u2013 . Mossbauer Spectroscopy: Application of the technique to the studies of iron and tin complexes<\/p>\n<p>Nomenclature, synthesis, structure, properties and bonding of organo-metallic compounds &#8211; metal carbonyls and cyanides \u2013 Complexes with linear \u03c0 donor ligands: Olefins, acetylenes, dienes and allyl complexes. Complexes with cyclic \u03c0 donors: Cyclopentadiene, benzene complexes. Structure and bonding of ferrocene and dibenzenechromium complexes &#8211; Metal \u2013Metal bonds and metal atom clusters. Tri , Tetra and hexa nuclear clusters, Isoelectronic and isolobal relationships, Low nuclearity and High nuclearity carbonyl clusters (LNCCs and HNCCs). Cubane Clusters, Chalcogenide Clusters, Chevrel Phases. Zintl Anions and Cations \u2013 Capping Rule Catalysis by organo metallic compounds and metal clusters- hydrogenation, hydroformylation and polymerization.<\/p>\n<p>Essential and trace metal elements in biological systems, . Role of Iron,Calcium, Copper, Lithium, Aluminium, Magnesium and other metals in biological systems structure and functions of biological membranes, mechanism of ion transport across membranes, sodium- potassium pump. &#8211; Role and effects : Coenzymes, Cytochromes, chlorophylls and hormones. Photosynthesis, porphyrin ring system, chlorophyll, PS I and PS II. Synthetic model for photosynthesis. Inorganic medicinal chemistry. Metals in medicine.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 3 &#8211; Inorganic Chemistry-3 &#8211; 05 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nuclear reactions &#8211; structure and stability- Magic numbers \u2013 Detailed study of different nuclear models- radio active equilibria and equations of radioactive decay and growth &#8211; Nuclear reactions: Direct nuclear reactions, heavy ion induced nuclear reactions, photonuclear reactions. Neutron captures cross section and critical size\u00a0 Applications of nuclear reactions- fission and fusion; neutron activation analysis \u2013 counting techniques<\/p>\n<p>Solid State Chemistry: Crystal symmetry- Point groups and space groups. Miller<br \/>\nindices and Bravais Lattices- Close packed structures: BCC, FCC and HCP. Voids.<br \/>\nCoordination number<\/p>\n<p>X-ray diffraction by crystals: Applications and calculations using Bragg\u2019s equation<br \/>\nand indexing methods. Different types of Crystal defects and consequences<\/p>\n<p>Electronic structure of solids. Different theories about conductors, insulators and semiconductors and their applications. Doping and band gap adjustments. AX, AX2, AmX2, ABX3, Spinels and Inverse spinel structures. Structure and theories of Liquids- Liquid crystals and their applications.<\/p>\n<p>Temperature dependence of conductivity, carrier density and carrier mobility in<br \/>\nsemiconductors &#8211; Superconductivity, Photoconductivity Photovoltaic effect.<\/p>\n<p>Colour in inorganic solids. &#8211; Dielectric properties. Dielectric materials. Ferroelectricity, pyroelectricity, piezoelectricity and ionic conductivity. Applications of ferro, piezo and pyroelectrics.<\/p>\n<p>Inorganic Advanced materials : Solid Electrolytes: Mixed oxides, cationic, anionic solid electrolytes, mixed ionic-electronic conductors- Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC), Rechargeable battery materials- Solid state chemistry of metal nitrides and fluorides, chalcogenides, intercalation chemistry and metal-rich phases.- Inorganic pigments, Inorganic phosphors- Molecular materials and fullerides, basic idea of molecular materials chemistry like One dimensional metals, Molecular magnets and Inorganic liquid crystals<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 4 &#8211; Organic Chemistry-1 &#8211; 05 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nomenclature of organic compounds &#8211; Cyclic, fused polycyclic and bridged<br \/>\npolycyclic hydrocarbons, bridged and fused hydrocarbon systems, Spirocyclic hydrocarbon systems, Heterocyclic systems containing Nitrogen and Oxygen<\/p>\n<p>Molecular symmetry and chirality, axial chirality, planar chirality and helicity, relative configuration, stereochemical nomenclature, R and S, E and Z. Stereo chemistry of biphenyl and allenes &#8211; Topicity and prostereo isomerism -asymmetric synthesis. Axial stereochemistry: atropisomerism and its designation &#8211; biphenyls, allenes, spiranes- M and P configurations. Stereoselectivity: enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity &amp; stereoconvergence. Stereospecific and stereoselective synthesis. stereotopicity &amp; stereoprojections. Prochiral centre and prochiral faces- Pro R and Pro S, Re face and Si face, Importance of prochirality in biological systems. Geometrical isomerism . , Conformational analysis in acyclic and cyclic systems , Application of Cram\u2019s rule, Felkin\u2013Ahn model<\/p>\n<p>Basic concepts of Organic reactions &#8211; Electron displacement effects \u2013Aromaticity and<br \/>\nantiaromaticity. Non aromatic, homoaromatic, hetero and non\u2013benzenoid aromatic systems. Aromaticity of annulenes, mesoionic compounds, metallocenes, cyclic carbocations and carbanions.<\/p>\n<p>Mechanism and applications of common substitution, addition, elimination and rearrangement reactions. Stereochemistry and factors affecting Aliphatic and Aromatic SN1 and SN2 reactions. SN1&#8242;, SN2&#8242;, SNi SNAr and benzyne mechanisms \u2013 NGP and Nonclassical carbocations- Generation and reactions of Nitrenes, Carbenes and free radicals like Triphenyl methyl, TEMPO, Dibenzoyl peroxide, NBS , Tributyl Tinhydride and AIBN. &#8211; Chlorination of alkane, addition of HX, SRN1 mechanism Acyloin condensation, Alkyne coupling reactions- Reimer-Tiemann, Vilsmeier-Haack reactions. Mitsunobu reaction and Chichibabin reactions.<\/p>\n<p>Mechanism of Addition of H2O, X2, HX, and boranes to C=C systems- Cis and trans hydroxylation of cycloalkenes- Mechanism and applications of Michael addition and Robinson Annulation- Aldol condensation- Stork enamine, Cannizzaro, Perkin, Ritter, Stobbe, Knoevenagel, Darzen, Reformatsky and benzoin condensations- Grignard, Mannich, Thorpe reactions and Dieckmann condensation<\/p>\n<p>Mechanism and regio and stereo aspects of E1, E2 and E1cb reactions in cyclic and acyclic systems. Hoffmann and Saytzeff elimination- Elimination Vs substitutionMechanism and applications of Shapiro reaction, Peterson and Julia olefination, Wittig and Wittig &#8211; Horner reactions; Chugaev reaction and Cope eliminations- Sodium in liquid ammonia and Lindlars catalyst in conversion of alkynes to alkenes<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 5 &#8211; Organic Chemistry-2 &#8211; 05 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Mechanism with evidence of Wagner \u2013 Meerwein, Pinacol, Demjanov, Hofmann,<br \/>\nCurtius, Schmidt, Lossen, Beckmann, Fries, Hofmann\u2013Martius, Dienone\u2013phenol, Benzilic acid, Benzidine, Favorskii, Stevens and Wolf rearrangement.<\/p>\n<p>Oxidation and Reduction reactions in organic synthesis- Reduction using boranes,<br \/>\nhindered boranes and derivatives- NaBH4, and LiAlH4, DIBAL-H, tri-n-butyltin hydride, diimide, and aluminium alkoxide. Birch reduction, Clemmensen reduction and Wolff &#8211; Kishner reduction, Huang &#8211; Minlon modification, Rosenmund reduction &#8211; allylic and benzylic oxidation, Sharpless epoxidation, oxidation using SeO2, manganese (IV) oxide, lead tetraacetate, ozone, peracids, DDQ, silver carbonate and Cr(VI) reagents. Jones oxidation, Swern oxidation, Moffatt oxidation, Sommelet reaction. Applications of HIO4, OsO4 and mCPBA<\/p>\n<p>Linear Free Energy Relations, The Hammett equation and its applications. Significance of sigma (\u03c3) and rho (\u03c1) reactions with negative and positive \u03c1, low and high \u03c1, abnormal Hammet plot, Taft equation. Hammet plot and applications- Primary, secondary, inverse kinetic isotope effects. Salt effects and special salt effects in SN reactions<\/p>\n<p>Retrosynthetic analysis and disconnection approach in organic synthesis- Olefin metathesis- Grubbs\u2019 catalysts. Umpolung concept-1,3-Dithiane, benzoin condensation. Heck, Negishi, Sonagashira, Kumada, Stille coupling and Suzuki coupling<\/p>\n<p>Use of various organic, inorganic and organometallic reagents in organic synthesisGrignard reagents, Alkyl lithiums, Lithium Dialkylcuprates, Alkynyl copper reagents, Tebbe reagent etc. Use of various protecting groups in peptide synthesis. Phase transfer catalysis and its applications.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 6 &#8211; Organic Chemistry-3 &#8211; 05 MARKS <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Photochemical processes. Singlet and triplet states and their reactivity, Jablonski<br \/>\ndiagram, Energy transfer, sensitization and quenching. Photoreactions of carbonyl<br \/>\ncompounds, enes, dienes and arenes. Patterno-Buchi and Barton reactions, HofmannL\u00f6ffler- Freytag reaction, photo-Fries and Di-\u03c0 methane, di- \u03c0 methane rearrangements. Applications of photochemistry.<\/p>\n<p>Classification of pericyclic reactions, FMO, Correlation diagram, Mobius and Huckel<br \/>\ntheory of electrocyclic and cyclo addition reactions- Stereo and region selectivity and<br \/>\nindustrial applications of Diels Alder reaction, 1,3\u2013Dipolar cycloaddition and Sigmatropic rearrangements<\/p>\n<p>Chemistry of Natural Products : Terpenes, steroids, alakaloids, carbohydrates,<br \/>\nproteins, nucleic acids, vitamins, prostoglandins, hormones and enzymes.<\/p>\n<p>Combinatorial organic synthesis, introduction, methodology, automation, solid<br \/>\nsupported and solution phase synthesis, study of targeted or focused libraries and small molecule libraries. Application of Drug design and development- various steps<\/p>\n<p>Fundamentals of polymerization &#8211; structure &#8211; property relationship of polymers and<br \/>\npolynucleotides- Protein sequencing by Edmans method.<\/p>\n<p>Protein denaturation &#8211; Synthesis of stereo regular polymers. Ziegler-Natta catalyst.<br \/>\nPolymers in organic synthesis &#8211; supports, reagents and catalysts. Biodegradable polymers biopolymers<\/p>\n<p>Spectrocopic methods in Organic chemistry- Applications of UV, IR, H1NMR, C 13NMR and Mass Spectroscopy &#8211; 2D NMR techniques &#8211; NOE, DEPT, and 2D techniques such as COSY-HSQC, HMQC and HMBC. Spectral interpretation and structural elucidation. Solving of structural problems on the basis of numerical and spectrum based data. ORD and CD &#8211; theory and applications<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 7 &#8211; Physical Chemistry-1 &#8211; 05 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gaseous State- Maxwell\u2019s distribution and equation- Transport phenomena- Chapman equation- Equations of state of real gases- vander Waals, Virial and other equations- Inter molecular forces and consequences.<\/p>\n<p>Electronic Structure of Solids &#8211; Crystal Symmetry &#8211; Theories of Solids &#8211; Properties of<br \/>\nSolids : Electrical, Magnetical and Optical &#8211; Crystal defects. Structure and Theories of<br \/>\nLiquids- XRD of liquids- Theories and calculation of Surface tension and Viscosity &#8211; Liquid Crystals and their applications<\/p>\n<p>Laws of Thermodynamics &#8211; Entropy and its dependence on variables of a systemEquations of state- Euler\u2019s relation, Gibbs and Helmholtz equations and energies. Maxwells relations- Gibbs Duhem equation- Partial Molar Quantities- Chemical potentialFugacity- Activity coefficients. Thermodynamics of Solutions \u2013 Duhem Marghules equation- vant Hoff\u2019s equations, isochore and isotherm. Thermodynamics\u00a0 f irreversible process \u2013 Fundamentals and advances in the study of Phase Equilibria &#8211; Two and Three Component Systems<\/p>\n<p>Statistical thermodynamics &#8211; Molecular Partition Function &#8211; Quantum Statistics &#8211; Heat capacities of Solids and Gases- Relationship between partition functions and thermodynamic properties, Sackur-Tetrode equation. The principle of equi-partition of energy<\/p>\n<p>Chemical equilibrium, Law of mass action, Transformation of the equilibrium<br \/>\nexpressions. Statistical derivation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 8 &#8211; Physical Chemistry-2 &#8211; 05 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The gas-solid interphase, types of adsorption. Monolayer and multilayer adsorption &#8211;<br \/>\nAdsorption Isotherms Heat of adsorption and its determination .-Adsorption from solutions -Determination of surface area of solids-Harkins\u2013Jura absolute method, point B method, Langmuir method and BET method- &#8211; Principles of LEED, SEM, TEM, ECSA, Photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning probe microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy<\/p>\n<p>Electrochemistry and Ionics: Activity and activity coefficient of electrolytes, determination of activity coefficient.- Electrodes and Electrochemical Cells &#8211; Nernst, DebyeHuckel, Omsager Equations &#8211; Over potentials: Butler-Volmer equation. Tafel\u00a0 and Nernst equation, Tafel plot and its significance &#8211; Electrolytic Polarization- Fuel cells: H2-O2, zincair and solid oxide fuel cells- Theory and applications of electro Analytical Methods : Potentiometry, Polarography , Coulometry, Conductometry, Cyclic Voltametry, Stripping Voltametry and Amperometry- Colloids &#8211; Zeta Potential &#8211; Electrokinetic Phenomena<\/p>\n<p>Basic principles of Kinetics &#8211; Kinetics of Complex reactions &#8211; steady state approximation -Theories of Reaction Rates &#8211; Arrhenius equation &#8211; fast reactions and methods of study. Reactions in solution: Factors affecting reaction rates in solutions, effect of dielectric constant and ionic strength, cage effect, Bronsted-Bjerrum equation &#8211; Kinetic effects: Primary and secondary kinetic salt effect, influence of solvent on reaction rates, significance of volume of activation, linear free energy relationship. Hammet equation and Taft equation<\/p>\n<p>Catalysis: Mechanism and theories of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis.<br \/>\nBimolecular surface reactions. Langmuir\u2013Hinshelwood mechanism. Enzyme catalysis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 9 &#8211; Physical Chemistry-3 &#8211; 05 MARKS <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Classical mechanics and its limitations \u2013need of quantum mechanics, de Broglie<br \/>\nrelation and its experimental proof, uncertainty principle and its consequences- Formulation of Quantum Mechanics &#8211; Postulates of quantum mechanics- Application of Quantum mechanics to Exactly Solvable Model Problems- Translational motion- Quantum mechanical tunnelling- Vibrational motion- and Rotational motion \u2013SHO, Rigid Rotor- Legendre polynomials and associated Legendre functions Approximation Methods and Chemical Bonding &#8211; Hydrogen like Atoms -Multi Electron Systems &#8211; Angular Momentum \u2013 SCF and variation method &#8211; MO diagram of homo nuclear diatomic molecules Li2, Be2, B2, C2, O2 and F2 and hetero nuclear diatomic molecules LiH CO, NO and HF<\/p>\n<p>Wave functions for multi electron systems, wave equation for multi electron systems,<br \/>\nsymmetric and anti- symmetric wave functions, Pauli\u2019s anti-symmetry principle, and the postulate of spin- Spin orbitals. Spin- orbit coupling. Vector atom model-Term symbols, selection rules and exp anation of spectral lines of hydrogen atom- Applications- Chemical Bonding in Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules<\/p>\n<p>Computational Chemistry &#8211; Computational methods : ab initio, Semi Empirical<br \/>\nmethods &#8211; Molecular Mechanics<\/p>\n<p>Quantum statistics- Bose-Einstein statistics, Thermodynamic probability- Maxwell Boltzmann, Bose Einstein and Fermi-Dirac statistics- Quantum theory of heat capacity &#8211; calculation of heat capacity of gases- Dulong and Petit\u2019s law, Kopp\u2019s law; limitations.- Einstein theory and Debye theory of heat capacity<\/p>\n<p>Symmetry elements and symmetry operation. Basic principles of Group Theory &#8211; Character Tables &#8211; . Point groups and their systematic identification.- Multiplication of operations &#8211; Setting up of character table of C2v, C3v and C2h groups \u2013Applications to MO Theory, Chemical Bonding and Spectroscopy<\/p>\n<p>Electronic Spectroscopy of Atoms \u2013 Basic principles of Molecular spectroscopy:<br \/>\nMicrowave, Infrared, Raman, Electronic, NMR, ESR, Raman and Mossbaur<\/p>\n<p><strong>Module 10 &#8211; Analytical, Environmental, Material and Supramolecular chemistry &#8211; 05 MARKS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Evaluation of analytical data: Accuracy and precision. Standard deviation, variance<br \/>\nand coefficient of variation. Student \u2018t\u2019 test, \u2018Q\u2019 test, and \u2018F\u2019 test. Confidence limits- Errors and their minimisation- Significant figures- Correlation analysis- Calculation of R by method of least squares<\/p>\n<p>Theory and practice of : Quantitative and Qualitative analysis- Inorganic analysisOrganic analysis and preparations &#8211; physical chemistry experiments (Post graduate level)<\/p>\n<p>Applications of TG, DTA and DSC in the study of metal complexes, ceramics and<br \/>\npolymers.<\/p>\n<p>Theory of chromatographic techniques -Column, TLC, Paper, GC, HPLC and ion<br \/>\nexchange chromatographic techniques. Solvent extraction. Extraction using supercritical liquid CO2, Craig\u2019s technique of liquid-liquid extraction<\/p>\n<p>Twelve principles of green chemistry and issues in sustainable chemistry &#8211; Green<br \/>\nsynthesis &#8211; Application of Phase Transfer Catalysts -Green Reactions- Applications of Microwave and sonication in the synthesis of organic compounds.<\/p>\n<p>Chemistry of Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and Lithosphere.<\/p>\n<p>Nanostructures &#8211; ID, 2D and 3D structures &#8211; Synthesis and applications of nanomaterials..<\/p>\n<p>Chemistry behind Piezoelectric, magnetostrictive, halochromic, chromogenic, electrochromic, thermochromic, magnetocaloric and thermoelectric materials<\/p>\n<p>Supramolecular chemistry &#8211; Molecular recognition : Synthetic Receptors,<br \/>\nCyclodextrin, Calixiranes, Cyclophanes, Crown Ethers- Drug design and Drug action.<\/p>\n<div class=\"modal\" id=\"modal25556384\"><div class=\"modal-content\"><span class=\"close-button\">&times;<\/span>\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f25556384-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"25556384\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25623878#wpcf7-f25556384-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"25556384\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.4\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f25556384-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_posted_data_hash\" value=\"\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_hidden_group_fields\" value=\"[]\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_hidden_groups\" value=\"[]\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_visible_groups\" value=\"[]\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_repeaters\" value=\"[]\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_steps\" value=\"{}\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7cf_options\" value=\"{&quot;form_id&quot;:25556384,&quot;conditions&quot;:[{&quot;then_field&quot;:&quot;-1&quot;,&quot;and_rules&quot;:[{&quot;if_field&quot;:&quot;-1&quot;,&quot;operator&quot;:&quot;equals&quot;,&quot;if_value&quot;:&quot;Kerala PSC Exams&quot;}]},{&quot;then_field&quot;:&quot;-1&quot;,&quot;and_rules&quot;:[{&quot;if_field&quot;:&quot;-1&quot;,&quot;operator&quot;:&quot;equals&quot;,&quot;if_value&quot;:&quot;Kerala PSC Teaching Exams&quot;}]},{&quot;then_field&quot;:&quot;-1&quot;,&quot;and_rules&quot;:[{&quot;if_field&quot;:&quot;-1&quot;,&quot;operator&quot;:&quot;equals&quot;,&quot;if_value&quot;:&quot;Kerala PSC Technical Exams&quot;}]}],&quot;settings&quot;:{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;animation_intime&quot;:200,&quot;animation_outtime&quot;:200,&quot;conditions_ui&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;notice_dismissed&quot;:false,&quot;notice_dismissed_update-cf7-5.9.8&quot;:true,&quot;notice_dismissed_update-cf7-6.1.1&quot;:true}}\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<div class=\"custom-form-1\" id=\"custom-form-1\">\n\t<div class=\"custom-form-group-1\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"full-name\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Full Name\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"full-name\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"custom-form-group-1\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"phone\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-tel wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-tel\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Phone Number\" value=\"\" type=\"tel\" name=\"phone\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"custom-form-group-1\">\n\t\t<div class=\"custom-select-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"language\"><select class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select wpcf7-validates-as-required cf7-0678-exam-language\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"language\"><option value=\"\">Select Language<\/option><option value=\"Malayalam\">Malayalam<\/option><option value=\"Tamil\">Tamil<\/option><option value=\"Telugu\">Telugu<\/option><option value=\"Kannada\">Kannada<\/option><option value=\"Hindi\">Hindi<\/option><\/select><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"custom-form-group-1\">\n\t\t<div class=\"custom-select-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"course\"><select class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select wpcf7-validates-as-required cf7-0678-exam-category-select\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"course\"><option value=\"\">Select an option<\/option><option value=\"Kerala PSC Exams\">Kerala PSC Exams<\/option><option value=\"Teaching Govt Exams\">Teaching Govt Exams<\/option><option value=\"Technical Govt Exams\">Technical Govt Exams<\/option><option value=\"SSC RRB\">SSC RRB<\/option><option value=\"Banking\">Banking<\/option><option value=\"Coding\">Coding<\/option><option value=\"Digital Marketing\">Digital Marketing<\/option><option value=\"Language Learning\">Language Learning<\/option><option value=\"Accounting &amp; Taxation\">Accounting &amp; Taxation<\/option><option value=\"SAP\">SAP<\/option><option value=\"Personal Finance\">Personal Finance<\/option><option value=\"Civil &amp; Mech Upskilling\">Civil &amp; Mech Upskilling<\/option><option value=\"Electronics Upskilling\">Electronics Upskilling<\/option><option value=\"Montessori &amp; Yoga TTC\">Montessori &amp; Yoga TTC<\/option><option value=\"Healthcare\">Healthcare<\/option><option value=\"HR Management\">HR Management<\/option><option value=\"College Entrance Exams\">College Entrance Exams<\/option><option value=\"Accounting\">Accounting<\/option><option value=\"TNPSC\">TNPSC<\/option><option value=\"Other Exams\">Other Exams<\/option><\/select><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"custom-form-group-1\">\n\t\t<div class=\"custom-select-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"exam-name\"><select class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select wpcf7-validates-as-required cf7-0678-exam-name-select\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"exam-name\"><option value=\"\">Select an option<\/option><option value=\"Degree Level Exams\">Degree Level Exams<\/option><option value=\"Plus two Level exams\">Plus two Level exams<\/option><option value=\"10th level exam\">10th level exam<\/option><option value=\"LGS (Company Board, University etc)\">LGS (Company Board, University etc)<\/option><option value=\"LDC\">LDC<\/option><option value=\"Village Field Assistant\">Village Field Assistant<\/option><option value=\"Assistant salesman\">Assistant salesman<\/option><option value=\"Secretariat OA\">Secretariat OA<\/option><option value=\"Uniform Posts(Police, Excise, Forest, Fire)\">Uniform Posts(Police, Excise, Forest, Fire)<\/option><option value=\"BevCo LD\">BevCo LD<\/option><option value=\"Devaswom Board LDC\">Devaswom Board LDC<\/option><option value=\"Driver Exams\">Driver Exams<\/option><option value=\"SBCID\">SBCID<\/option><option value=\"LSGD\">LSGD<\/option><option value=\"Secretariant Assistant\">Secretariant Assistant<\/option><option value=\"Company Board Assistant\">Company Board Assistant<\/option><option value=\"University Assistant\">University Assistant<\/option><option value=\"Kerala Administrative Tribunal\">Kerala Administrative Tribunal<\/option><option value=\"Driver cum OA\">Driver cum OA<\/option><option value=\"ICDS\">ICDS<\/option><option value=\"CDPO\">CDPO<\/option><option value=\"Finger Print Searcher\">Finger Print Searcher<\/option><option value=\"Welfare Officer\">Welfare Officer<\/option><option value=\"Probation Officer\">Probation Officer<\/option><option value=\"Scientific Officer\">Scientific Officer<\/option><option value=\"HSST\">HSST<\/option><option value=\"SET\">SET<\/option><option value=\"KTET\">KTET<\/option><option value=\"HSA\">HSA<\/option><option value=\"LP\/UP Assistant\">LP\/UP Assistant<\/option><option value=\"EMRS\">EMRS<\/option><option value=\"KVS PGT &amp; TGT, PRT\">KVS PGT &amp; TGT, PRT<\/option><option value=\"RRB TGT&amp; PGT, PRT\">RRB TGT&amp; PGT, PRT<\/option><option value=\"AE (PCB, PWD, KSEB, etc)\">AE (PCB, PWD, KSEB, etc)<\/option><option value=\"PWD Engineering Assistant\">PWD Engineering Assistant<\/option><option value=\"KSEB Sub Engineer\">KSEB Sub Engineer<\/option><option value=\"KSEB Worker\">KSEB Worker<\/option><option value=\"Overseer\/Draftsman (Grade 1, 2, 3 )\">Overseer\/Draftsman (Grade 1, 2, 3 )<\/option><option value=\"PWD Overseer\">PWD Overseer<\/option><option value=\"Tradesman\">Tradesman<\/option><option value=\"Lecturer in Poly\">Lecturer in Poly<\/option><option value=\"Lecturer in Tools &amp; Die Engineering\">Lecturer in Tools &amp; Die Engineering<\/option><option value=\"Assistant Electrical Inspector\">Assistant Electrical Inspector<\/option><option value=\"Lineman\/ Electrician\">Lineman\/ Electrician<\/option><option value=\"Technician Grade 2\">Technician Grade 2<\/option><option value=\"Foreman\">Foreman<\/option><option value=\"Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector (AMVI)\">Assistant Motor Vehicle Inspector (AMVI)<\/option><option value=\"MMV Training Instuctor\">MMV Training Instuctor<\/option><option value=\"Computer Programmer\">Computer Programmer<\/option><option value=\"Computer Engineer\">Computer Engineer<\/option><option value=\"Junior Instructor\">Junior Instructor<\/option><option value=\"Assistant Professor (Tech)\">Assistant Professor (Tech)<\/option><option value=\"Assistant Town Planner\">Assistant Town Planner<\/option><option value=\"KWA Draftsman Grade 3\">KWA Draftsman Grade 3<\/option><option value=\"KWA Operator\">KWA Operator<\/option><option value=\"KWA Plumber\">KWA Plumber<\/option><option value=\"KWA Meter Reader\">KWA Meter Reader<\/option><option value=\"ISRO Scientist (Electronics, Electrical, Mech, Civil)\">ISRO Scientist (Electronics, Electrical, Mech, Civil)<\/option><option value=\"ISRO Technician\">ISRO Technician<\/option><option value=\"VSSC Technical Assistant\">VSSC Technical Assistant<\/option><option value=\"GATE\">GATE<\/option><option value=\"NHPC JE\">NHPC JE<\/option><option value=\"CIL MT\">CIL MT<\/option><option value=\"CL MT\">CL MT<\/option><option value=\"IOCL Electrical Engineering\">IOCL Electrical Engineering<\/option><option value=\"AAI ATC\">AAI ATC<\/option><option value=\"Central Govt PSU\">Central Govt PSU<\/option><option value=\"RRB NTPC\">RRB NTPC<\/option><option value=\"RRB RPF\">RRB RPF<\/option><option value=\"RRB Group D\">RRB Group D<\/option><option value=\"RRB Section Controller\">RRB Section Controller<\/option><option value=\"SSC CPO\">SSC CPO<\/option><option value=\"SSC CGL\">SSC CGL<\/option><option value=\"SSC CHSL\">SSC CHSL<\/option><option value=\"SSC GD\">SSC GD<\/option><option value=\"SSC MTS\">SSC MTS<\/option><option value=\"SSC Stenographer\">SSC Stenographer<\/option><option value=\"Delhi Police Constable Executive\">Delhi Police Constable Executive<\/option><option value=\"Delhi Police Head Constable\">Delhi Police Head Constable<\/option><option value=\"Delhi Police Driver\">Delhi Police Driver<\/option><option value=\"SSC Selection Post\">SSC Selection Post<\/option><option value=\"RRB JE\">RRB JE<\/option><option value=\"RRB ALP\">RRB ALP<\/option><option value=\"SSC JE\">SSC JE<\/option><option value=\"CSEB Exam\">CSEB Exam<\/option><option value=\"IBPS Clerk\">IBPS Clerk<\/option><option value=\"IBPS PO\">IBPS PO<\/option><option value=\"IBPS RRB\">IBPS RRB<\/option><option value=\"IBPS SO\">IBPS SO<\/option><option value=\"SBI Clerk\">SBI Clerk<\/option><option value=\"SBI PO\">SBI PO<\/option><option value=\"KSCARD Assistant\">KSCARD Assistant<\/option><option value=\"JCI Khadi Board\">JCI Khadi Board<\/option><option value=\"Kerala Bank Exam\">Kerala Bank Exam<\/option><option value=\"Kerala Gramina Bank\">Kerala Gramina Bank<\/option><option value=\"NABARD\">NABARD<\/option><option value=\"RBI Assistant\">RBI Assistant<\/option><option value=\"Insurance Exams\">Insurance Exams<\/option><option value=\"SBI Apprentice\">SBI Apprentice<\/option><option value=\"FCI Manager and Assistant\">FCI Manager and Assistant<\/option><option value=\"Federal Bank Exams\">Federal Bank Exams<\/option><option value=\"SEBI Grade A\">SEBI Grade A<\/option><option value=\"IDBI Junior Assistant Manager\">IDBI Junior Assistant Manager<\/option><option value=\"Canara Bank PO\">Canara Bank PO<\/option><option value=\"Other Bank Exams\">Other Bank Exams<\/option><option value=\"Data Science Course\">Data Science Course<\/option><option value=\"Data Analytics Course\">Data Analytics Course<\/option><option value=\"Full Stack Development Course\">Full Stack Development Course<\/option><option value=\"Python Programming Course\">Python Programming Course<\/option><option value=\"Software Testing Course\">Software Testing Course<\/option><option value=\"UI\/UX\">UI\/UX<\/option><option value=\"Cybersecurity\">Cybersecurity<\/option><option value=\"AWS Course\">AWS Course<\/option><option value=\"Digital Marketing\">Digital Marketing<\/option><option value=\"Performance Marketing Course\">Performance Marketing Course<\/option><option value=\"German Language\">German Language<\/option><option value=\"IELTS\">IELTS<\/option><option value=\"Spoken English\">Spoken English<\/option><option value=\"Career Level up Course\">Career Level up Course<\/option><option value=\"Business Accounting and Finance Certification\">Business Accounting and Finance Certification<\/option><option value=\"GCC Accounting\">GCC Accounting<\/option><option value=\"PwC Edge: Strategic Accounting &amp; Finance Programme\">PwC Edge: Strategic Accounting &amp; Finance Programme<\/option><option value=\"ACCA\">ACCA<\/option><option value=\"Enrolled Agent\">Enrolled Agent<\/option><option value=\"PwC Certified Tax Professional\">PwC Certified Tax Professional<\/option><option value=\"CMA USA\">CMA USA<\/option><option value=\"SAP FICO Course\">SAP FICO Course<\/option><option value=\"SAP MM Course\">SAP MM Course<\/option><option value=\"SAP SD Course\">SAP SD Course<\/option><option value=\"Stock Market Course\">Stock Market Course<\/option><option value=\"Forex Trading\">Forex Trading<\/option><option value=\"Mutual Funds\">Mutual Funds<\/option><option value=\"Quantity Surveying\">Quantity Surveying<\/option><option value=\"Structural Design\">Structural Design<\/option><option value=\"BIM\">BIM<\/option><option value=\"MEP\">MEP<\/option><option value=\"Embedded System Software Engineering\">Embedded System Software Engineering<\/option><option value=\"Montessori Teacher Training\">Montessori Teacher Training<\/option><option value=\"Yoga TTC\">Yoga TTC<\/option><option value=\"Hospital Administration\">Hospital Administration<\/option><option value=\"HR Management\">HR Management<\/option><option value=\"CAT\">CAT<\/option><option value=\"MAT\">MAT<\/option><option value=\"KMAT\">KMAT<\/option><option value=\"TNPSC\">TNPSC<\/option><option value=\"Tracer\">Tracer<\/option><option value=\"Legal Metrology Inspector\">Legal Metrology Inspector<\/option><option value=\"Electrical Line Helper\">Electrical Line Helper<\/option><option value=\"Robotics &amp; AI Course\">Robotics &amp; AI Course<\/option><\/select><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"d-none\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"education\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Educational qualification\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"education\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t<div style=\"display:none\">\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden utm-so\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"utm_source\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden utm-medium\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"utm_medium\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden utm-campaign\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"utm_campaign\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden utm-content\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"utm_content\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden utm-term\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"utm_term\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden blog-url\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"blog_url\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden post-category-name\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_category_name\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden post-author-name\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"post_author_name\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden file-url\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"file_url\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden video-url\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"video_url\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden courseid\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"course_id\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden exam-name\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"exam_name\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden interested-course\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"interested_course\" \/>\n\t\t<input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-hidden uid\" value=\"\" type=\"hidden\" name=\"business_category_uid\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"cf7-cf-turnstile\" style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: -15px;\"> <div id=\"cf-turnstile-cf7-3035905446\" class=\"cf-turnstile\" data-sitekey=\"0x4AAAAAABVigxtkiZeGTu5L\" data-theme=\"light\" data-language=\"auto\" data-size=\"normal\" data-retry=\"auto\" data-retry-interval=\"1000\" data-action=\"contact-form-7\" data-appearance=\"always\"><\/div> <script>document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() { setTimeout(function(){ var e=document.getElementById(\"cf-turnstile-cf7-3035905446\"); e&&!e.innerHTML.trim()&&(turnstile.remove(\"#cf-turnstile-cf7-3035905446\"), turnstile.render(\"#cf-turnstile-cf7-3035905446\", {sitekey:\"0x4AAAAAABVigxtkiZeGTu5L\"})); }, 0); });<\/script> <br class=\"cf-turnstile-br cf-turnstile-br-cf7-3035905446\"> <style>#cf-turnstile-cf7-3035905446 { margin-left: -15px; }<\/style> <script>document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){document.querySelectorAll('.wpcf7-form').forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener('submit',function(){if(document.getElementById('cf-turnstile-cf7-3035905446')){setTimeout(function(){turnstile.reset('#cf-turnstile-cf7-3035905446');},1000)}})})});<\/script> <\/div><br\/><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" \/>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant (Pathology) exam (Category No. 279\/2024) is conducted by the Medical Education Department through direct recruitment. The exam will be held on 12 September 2025 in OMR mode for 100 marks, with a duration of 1 hour 40 minutes in English. In this blog, we have attached the syllabus PDF to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":115,"featured_media":25623893,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[802,32],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25623878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-kerala-psc"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 &amp; Pattern<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus &amp; Exam Pattern 2025 \u2013 Download subject-wise PDF and prepare effectively.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 &amp; Pattern\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus &amp; Exam Pattern 2025 \u2013 Download subject-wise PDF and prepare effectively.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Entri Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/entri.me\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-11T06:58:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-11T07:32:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"820\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"615\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Sreesha V.S\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@entri_app\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@entri_app\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Sreesha V.S\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"23 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Sreesha V.S\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/76260ad43c26c5230e8ad1f11ba1fc30\"},\"headline\":\"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 PDF &#038; Exam Pattern\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-11T06:58:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-11T07:32:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/\"},\"wordCount\":4625,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Articles\",\"Kerala PSC\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/\",\"name\":\"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 & Pattern\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-11T06:58:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-11T07:32:04+00:00\",\"description\":\"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2025 \u2013 Download subject-wise PDF and prepare effectively.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png\",\"width\":820,\"height\":615,\"caption\":\"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2025 \u2013 PDF Download\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Articles\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/category\/articles\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 PDF &#038; Exam Pattern\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Entri Blog\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Entri App\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Entri-Logo-1.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Entri-Logo-1.png\",\"width\":989,\"height\":446,\"caption\":\"Entri App\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/entri.me\/\",\"https:\/\/x.com\/entri_app\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/76260ad43c26c5230e8ad1f11ba1fc30\",\"name\":\"Sreesha V.S\",\"description\":\"Sreesha is a professional content writer with over 4 years of experience in the industry. She specializes in writing copy for websites, blogs, social media advertisements, Wikipedia, and other digital news content. Her expertise lies in crafting high-quality content on various topics such as education, business, finance, lifestyle, and health. Over the years, Sreesha has worked on nearly 700+ articles, several website copies, social media ads, and even a Wikipedia page. Sreesha holds a Master's degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from Kannur University, where she specialized in areas such as multimedia journalism, print media, and advertising.\",\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/entri.app\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sreesha-v-s-2263a71bb\"],\"url\":\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/author\/sreesha\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 & Pattern","description":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2025 \u2013 Download subject-wise PDF and prepare effectively.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 & Pattern","og_description":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2025 \u2013 Download subject-wise PDF and prepare effectively.","og_url":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/","og_site_name":"Entri Blog","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/entri.me\/","article_published_time":"2025-09-11T06:58:30+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-09-11T07:32:04+00:00","og_image":[{"width":820,"height":615,"url":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"Sreesha V.S","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@entri_app","twitter_site":"@entri_app","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Sreesha V.S","Est. reading time":"23 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/"},"author":{"name":"Sreesha V.S","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/76260ad43c26c5230e8ad1f11ba1fc30"},"headline":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 PDF &#038; Exam Pattern","datePublished":"2025-09-11T06:58:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-11T07:32:04+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/"},"wordCount":4625,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png","articleSection":["Articles","Kerala PSC"],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/","url":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/","name":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 & Pattern","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png","datePublished":"2025-09-11T06:58:30+00:00","dateModified":"2025-09-11T07:32:04+00:00","description":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2025 \u2013 Download subject-wise PDF and prepare effectively.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Untitled-49.png","width":820,"height":615,"caption":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus & Exam Pattern 2025 \u2013 PDF Download"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-scientific-assistant-pathology-syllabus\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Articles","item":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/category\/articles\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Kerala PSC Scientific Assistant Pathology Syllabus 2025 PDF &#038; Exam Pattern"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/","name":"Entri Blog","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#organization","name":"Entri App","url":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Entri-Logo-1.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Entri-Logo-1.png","width":989,"height":446,"caption":"Entri App"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/entri.me\/","https:\/\/x.com\/entri_app"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/76260ad43c26c5230e8ad1f11ba1fc30","name":"Sreesha V.S","description":"Sreesha is a professional content writer with over 4 years of experience in the industry. She specializes in writing copy for websites, blogs, social media advertisements, Wikipedia, and other digital news content. Her expertise lies in crafting high-quality content on various topics such as education, business, finance, lifestyle, and health. Over the years, Sreesha has worked on nearly 700+ articles, several website copies, social media ads, and even a Wikipedia page. Sreesha holds a Master's degree in Journalism and Mass Communication from Kannur University, where she specialized in areas such as multimedia journalism, print media, and advertising.","sameAs":["https:\/\/entri.app\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/sreesha-v-s-2263a71bb"],"url":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/author\/sreesha\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25623878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/115"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25623878"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25623878\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25623895,"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25623878\/revisions\/25623895"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25623893"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25623878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25623878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25623878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}