{"id":25629461,"date":"2025-11-10T12:49:05","date_gmt":"2025-11-10T07:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/?p=25629461"},"modified":"2026-01-20T16:13:32","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T10:43:32","slug":"kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern\/","title":{"rendered":"Kerala PSC HSST Botany Syllabus 2026 &#038; Exam Pattern PDF &#8211; Marks &#038; Details"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_79_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d1020a1660b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d1020a1660b\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern\/#Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Study_Notes_2026_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF\" >Kerala PSC HSST Botany Study Notes 2026 &#8211; Free PDF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern\/#Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_2026_PYQs_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF\" >Kerala PSC HSST Botany 2026 PYQs &#8211; Free PDF<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern\/#Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Syllabus_2026_PDF_Download\" >Kerala PSC HSST Botany Syllabus 2026 PDF Download<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern\/#Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Recruitment_2026_Highlights\" >Kerala PSC\u00a0HSST Botany\u00a0Recruitment 2026 Highlights<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern\/#Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Exam_Pattern_2026\" >Kerala PSC HSST Botany Exam Pattern 2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern\/#Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Detailed_Syllabus_2026\" >Kerala PSC HSST Botany Detailed Syllabus 2026<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/kerala-psc-hsst-botany-syllabus-exam-pattern\/#How_to_Download_Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Syllabus_Exam_Pattern_2026\" >How to Download Kerala PSC HSST Botany Syllabus &amp; Exam Pattern 2026<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>The Kerala PSC has released the HSST Botany Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2026 under the Higher Secondary Education Department. The updated syllabus covers key topics in Botany, including plant physiology, taxonomy, genetics, ecology, and more. It also details the exam structure, subject-wise marking scheme, and details. Download the latest HSST Botany 2026 syllabus PDF below!<\/p>\n<div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/note-1.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/note-1.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><button class=\"btn btn-default\">1000 HSST BOTANY MCQs Today!\u00a0<\/button><\/p>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Study_Notes_2026_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC HSST Botany Study Notes 2026 &#8211; Free PDF<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table dir=\"ltr\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Topics<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Download PDF<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Plant Pathology<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/plant-pathology.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/plant-pathology.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Phycology<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/phycology.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/phycology.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Pteridology<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pteridology.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pteridology.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bryology<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bryology.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Bryology.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Embryology<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/embryology.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/embryology.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Classification of Gymnosperms<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Gymnosperms-classification.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Gymnosperms-classification.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Coniferopsida<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/coniferopsida.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/coniferopsida.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gymnosperms &#8211; General Characteristics<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Gymnosperms-General-Characteristics.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Gymnosperms-General-Characteristics.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Forest Botany<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Forest-Botany.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Forest-Botany.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Gymnology<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Gymnology.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Gymnology.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Paleobotany<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Paleobotany.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Paleobotany.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mycology &#8211; part 2<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Mycology.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Mycology.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Mycology &#8211; part 3<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/mycology-part-3.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/mycology-part-3.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Translation<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6188408172517000750.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6188408172517000750.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Morphology of Bacteria<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6197422570136929803.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6197422570136929803.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Polymerase Chain Reaction<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6197422570136929804.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6197422570136929804.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Classification of fungi<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269379.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269379.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Basidiomycotina<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269375.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269375.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Fungal association<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269380.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269380.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Zygomycota<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269376.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269376.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Palynology<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269386.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269386.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>P.K. K Nair, Father of Palynology<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269383.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269383.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Palynology in relation to Taxonomy<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269387.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269387.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Microbial Genetics<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269399.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269399.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Economic importance of fungi<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269403.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/5_6203812970372269403.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Natural Products<\/td>\n<td><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Natural-Products.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Natural-Products.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF <\/a><\/div><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_2026_PYQs_%E2%80%93_Free_PDF\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC HSST Botany 2026 PYQs &#8211; Free PDF<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">Paper<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\">Question Paper<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">059\/2022<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fky-59-22.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/fky-59-22.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">050\/2018<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/050_2018_set_a_.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/050_2018_set_a_.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"301\">045\/2017<\/td>\n<td width=\"301\"><strong><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FL-KEY-45-17-OLE.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/FL-KEY-45-17-OLE.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">Download PDF<\/a><\/div><\/span><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Syllabus_2026_PDF_Download\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC HSST Botany Syllabus 2026 PDF Download<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Candidates preparing for the Kerala PSC HSST Botany Exam 2026 can download the complete syllabus and exam pattern PDF from the link below. The PDF includes a detailed breakdown of each module, part-wise topics, and mark distribution. Download the PDF here!<\/p>\n<div class=\"lead-gen-block\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/HSST-Botany.pdf\" data-url=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/HSST-Botany.pdf\" class=\"lead-pdf-download\" data-id=\"25556384\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><button class=\"btn btn-default\">HSst Botany syllabus pdf<\/button><\/p>\n<\/a><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Recruitment_2026_Highlights\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC\u00a0<b>HSST Botany\u00a0<\/b>Recruitment 2026 Highlights<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<table class=\"table\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" width=\"548\"><b>Kerala PSC HSST Botany Notification 2026<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Job Type<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">Government Job<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Post Name<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">Higher Secondary School Teacher<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Category Number<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">Notify Later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Subject<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">Botany<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Notification Release Date<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">Notify Later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Application Starts<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">Notify Later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Apply Mode<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">Online<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Last Date to Apply<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">Notify Later<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"274\">Official Website<\/td>\n<td width=\"274\">www.keralapsc.gov.in<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Exam_Pattern_2026\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC HSST Botany Exam Pattern 2026<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-pm-slice=\"0 0 []\">The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) has officially released the exam pattern for the HSST Botany 2026 recruitment. The exam assess candidates\u2019 core subject knowledge, teaching and research aptitude, awareness of the Indian Constitution, Kerala Renaissance, and current affairs. Below is the detailed exam structure of HSST Botony 2026.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Total Marks: 100<\/li>\n<li>Total Questions: 100 (Objective Type \u2013 MCQs)<\/li>\n<li>Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes<\/li>\n<li>Mode of Exam: Offline (OMR-based)<\/li>\n<li>Negative Marking: 0.33 marks for each wrong answer<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><strong>Part<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>Module \/ Section<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>Main Topics<\/strong><\/th>\n<th><strong>Marks<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Part I<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Core Subject (Botany)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Plant anatomy, physiology, taxonomy, genetics, ecology, plant biotechnology, microbiology, evolution, molecular biology, and applied botany<\/td>\n<td><strong>70 Marks<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Part II<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Research Methodology &amp; Teaching Aptitude<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Teaching aptitude \u2013 nature, objectives, methods, teaching aids, evaluation; Research aptitude \u2013 meaning, steps, ethics, types of research, thesis writing, seminars, papers, workshops<\/td>\n<td><strong>10 Marks<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Part III<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>General Studies<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Indian Constitution \u2013 Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, Duties, Executive, Legislature, Judiciary, Centre\u2013State Relations, Emergency &amp; Amendment Provisions<\/td>\n<td><strong>5 Marks<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>Social Welfare Legislations &amp; Programmes<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>RTI Act, Prevention of Atrocities Acts, Food Security Act, Environmental Acts, Employment Guarantee Programme, Organ\/Blood Donation, etc.<\/td>\n<td><strong>5 Marks<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><strong>Renaissance in Kerala<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>English education, reform movements (SNDP, NSS, etc.), social revolts, role of press, literature, women\u2019s movements, Renaissance leaders, literary figures<\/td>\n<td><strong>10 Marks<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Part IV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>General Knowledge &amp; Current Affairs<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Current events (national\/international), Kerala-specific facts, awards, policies, schemes, science, literature, education, health, technology<\/td>\n<td><strong>10 Marks<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Detailed_Syllabus_2026\"><\/span><strong>Kerala PSC HSST Botany Detailed Syllabus 2026<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The Kerala PSC HSST Botany Syllabus 2026 is divided into multiple modules and parts covering key areas such as Botany, Research Methodology, Teaching Aptitude, Indian Constitution, Kerala Renaissance, General Knowledge, and Current Affairs. Candidates should review the detailed syllabus below for effective preparation.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/exam\/kerala-psc-hsst-exam-preparation\/?utm_source=kerala-teaching-exams&amp;utm_medium=blog_referral&amp;utm_campaign=kerala-psc-hsst-physics-syllabus-exam-pattern\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><button class=\"btn btn-default\">HSst botany ONLINE COACHING<\/button><\/a><\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"223\" data-end=\"348\"><strong>MODULE I \u2014 Phycology, Mycology, Plant Pathology, Bryology, Pteridology, Gymnosperms, Microbiology, Palaeobotany (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"349\" data-end=\"362\"><strong data-start=\"349\" data-end=\"362\">Phycology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"366\" data-end=\"411\">Classification of algae: Fritsch and Smith.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"415\" data-end=\"449\">Recent trends in classification.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"453\" data-end=\"561\">General features of algae: thallus organization, vegetation, sexual and asexual reproduction, life cycles.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"565\" data-end=\"690\">Life-cycle patterns and salient features of: Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, Xanthophyta, Bacillariophyta, Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"694\" data-end=\"799\">Economic importance of algae: biofertilizers, food industry, industrial and medicinal uses, algal blooms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"813\"><strong data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"813\">Mycology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"817\" data-end=\"896\">Classification of fungi: Alexopoulos &amp; Mims (1979); Ainsworth &amp; Bisby (1983).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"1004\">General features: thallus structure, cell wall structure, heterothallism, parasexuality, reproduction.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1008\" data-end=\"1119\">Salient features of classes: Myxomycota, Mastigomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Deuteromycota.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1123\" data-end=\"1204\">Fungal associations: symbiosis, saprophytism, mycorrhizae, endophytes, lichens.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1397\">Economic importance of fungi: degradation of pesticides and wastes, decomposition of organic matter, lignin degradation, medical and industrial significance, fungal toxins and human health.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"1399\" data-end=\"1418\"><strong data-start=\"1399\" data-end=\"1418\">Plant Pathology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"1422\" data-end=\"1509\">Principles of plant pathology: biotic and abiotic agents; symptoms of plant diseases.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1513\" data-end=\"1613\">Process of infection and defense mechanisms: enzymes, toxins, structural and biochemical defenses.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1684\">Disease management: chemical, biological and quarantine measures.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1688\" data-end=\"1793\">Common diseases of Kerala crops: paddy, coconut, rubber, arecanut, pepper, ginger, cardamom, coffee, tea.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1807\"><strong data-start=\"1795\" data-end=\"1807\">Bryology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"1895\">Morphology, anatomy and life cycles of Hepaticopsida, Anthocerotopsida, Bryopsida.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1899\" data-end=\"2016\">Origin, evolution and economic importance of bryophytes \u2014 indicators of pollution, horticulture, medicinal uses, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2033\"><strong data-start=\"2018\" data-end=\"2033\">Pteridology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"2037\" data-end=\"2139\">Morphology, anatomy and life cycles of Psilopsida, Psilotopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, Pteropsida.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2143\" data-end=\"2187\">Heterospory, seed habit, stelar evolution.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2314\">Economic importance of pteridophytes \u2014 biofertilizers, horticulture, medicine, ecological indicators, weeds, food industry.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"2316\" data-end=\"2331\"><strong data-start=\"2316\" data-end=\"2331\">Gymnosperms<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"2335\" data-end=\"2415\">Morphology, anatomy and life cycles of Cycadopsida, Coniferopsida, Gnetopsida.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2419\" data-end=\"2454\">Economic importance of gymnosperms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"2456\" data-end=\"2472\"><strong data-start=\"2456\" data-end=\"2472\">Microbiology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"2476\" data-end=\"2551\">Bacteria: ultra-structure, major groups, nutritional types, reproduction.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2555\" data-end=\"2608\">Viruses: ultrastructure, major groups, replication.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2612\" data-end=\"2713\">Brief account of prions, viroids, virions, mycoplasmas, interferons, actinomycetes, bacteriophages.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2717\" data-end=\"2817\">Economic importance of microbes in ecology, food, industry, medicine, agriculture and other sectors.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"2819\" data-end=\"2835\"><strong data-start=\"2819\" data-end=\"2835\">Palaeobotany<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"2839\" data-end=\"2893\">Geological time scale and evolution of plant groups.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2897\" data-end=\"2922\">Types of fossilization.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2926\" data-end=\"2963\">Fossil pteridophytes and gymnosperms.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-start=\"2970\" data-end=\"3081\"><strong>MODULE II \u2014 Angiosperm Anatomy, Microtechnique, Embryology, Palynology, Plant Breeding, Evolution (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"3082\" data-end=\"3104\"><strong data-start=\"3082\" data-end=\"3104\">Angiosperm Anatomy<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"3108\" data-end=\"3196\">Tissues: meristematic, secretory and excretory tissues; primary and secondary tissues.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3200\" data-end=\"3267\">Anatomy of stem, root and leaf \u2014 primary and secondary structure.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3271\" data-end=\"3327\">Anomalous secondary growth in dicot and monocot stems.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3331\" data-end=\"3394\">Nodal anatomy, wood anatomy and floral anatomy (brief account).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"3396\" data-end=\"3414\"><strong data-start=\"3396\" data-end=\"3414\">Microtechnique<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"3418\" data-end=\"3507\">Tools: microscopy, micrometry, camera lucida, cryostat, microtomes (rotary and sledge).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3511\" data-end=\"3617\">Fixation, killing, dehydration, clearing, embedding, staining and mounting \u2014 reagents used in each step.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3621\" data-end=\"3758\">Vital staining, double staining, whole mounts, maceration and histochemical tests for carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (brief account).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"3760\" data-end=\"3774\"><strong data-start=\"3760\" data-end=\"3774\">Embryology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"3778\" data-end=\"3831\">Microsporogenesis and male gametophyte development.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3835\" data-end=\"3881\">Megasporogenesis and embryo-sac development.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3885\" data-end=\"3952\">Pollination, fertilization and embryogeny in monocots and dicots.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3956\" data-end=\"4014\">Endosperm types, polyembryony, parthenocarpy and apomixis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"4016\" data-end=\"4030\"><strong data-start=\"4016\" data-end=\"4030\">Palynology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"4034\" data-end=\"4136\">Ultrastructure of pollen wall; pollen morphology \u2014 NPC system of classification of pollen apertures.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4140\" data-end=\"4189\">Contributions of Dr. P.K.K. Nair to palynology.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4193\" data-end=\"4230\">Palynology in relation to taxonomy.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4234\" data-end=\"4287\">Aeropalynology, melittopalynology and pollen allergy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"4289\" data-end=\"4307\"><strong data-start=\"4289\" data-end=\"4307\">Plant Breeding<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"4311\" data-end=\"4444\">Methods and achievements in crop improvement: plant introduction, selection, mutation breeding, polyploidy breeding, hybridization.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4448\" data-end=\"4505\">Inbreeding consequences, heterosis and incompatibility.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4509\" data-end=\"4619\">Backcross breeding, resistance breeding (disease and stress resistance), vertical and horizontal resistance.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4623\" data-end=\"4702\">Seed production and certification; major centres of crop production in India.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4706\" data-end=\"4761\">Plant Breeders\u2019 Rights; national biodiversity policy.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4765\" data-end=\"4799\">Methods of vegetative propagation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"4801\" data-end=\"4814\"><strong data-start=\"4801\" data-end=\"4814\">Evolution<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"4818\" data-end=\"4869\">Origin of life \u2014 theories (classical and modern).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4873\" data-end=\"4884\">Speciation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-start=\"4891\" data-end=\"5022\"><strong>MODULE III \u2014 Taxonomy, Morphology, Economic Botany, Ethnobotany, Phytogeography, Forest Botany, Environmental Biology (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"5023\" data-end=\"5035\"><strong data-start=\"5023\" data-end=\"5035\">Taxonomy<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"5039\" data-end=\"5135\">Principles: plant nomenclature, taxonomic hierarchy, phylogeny of angiosperms, taxonomic keys.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5139\" data-end=\"5202\">Classification systems: artificial, natural and phylogenetic.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5206\" data-end=\"5373\">Interdisciplinary approaches to angiosperm systematics: anatomy, embryology, morphology, cytology, palynology, chemotaxonomy, numerical taxonomy, molecular taxonomy.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5377\" data-end=\"5755\">Study of families and their characteristic features: Ranunculaceae, Magnoliaceae, Capparidaceae, Polygalaceae, Cryophyllaceae, Malvaceae, Leguminosae, Myrtaceae, Melastomaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rubiaceae, Asteraceae, Asclepiadaceae, Boraginaceae, Lamiaceae, Amaranthaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Orchidaceae, Scitamineae, Liliaceae, Commelinaceae, Arecaceae, Araceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5757\" data-end=\"5771\"><strong data-start=\"5757\" data-end=\"5771\">Morphology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"5775\" data-end=\"5804\">Flower as a modified shoot.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5808\" data-end=\"5867\">Floral whorls and their parts; fruit and seed morphology.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5871\" data-end=\"5914\">Vegetative morphology: leaf, root and stem.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"5916\" data-end=\"5935\"><strong data-start=\"5916\" data-end=\"5935\">Economic Botany<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"5939\" data-end=\"5976\">Common cereals, millets and pulses.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5980\" data-end=\"6020\">Vegetables, spices and beverage crops.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6024\" data-end=\"6072\">Timbers, fibres, sugar and oil-yielding crops.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6076\" data-end=\"6093\">Medicinal plants.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"6095\" data-end=\"6110\"><strong data-start=\"6095\" data-end=\"6110\">Ethnobotany<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"6114\" data-end=\"6150\">Methods of ethnobotanical studies.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6154\" data-end=\"6198\">Contributions of S.K. Jain to ethnobotany.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6202\" data-end=\"6255\">Common ethnobotanically important plants of Kerala.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6259\" data-end=\"6294\">Sacred groves and their importance.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"6296\" data-end=\"6314\"><strong data-start=\"6296\" data-end=\"6314\">Phytogeography<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"6315\" data-end=\"6436\">\n<li data-start=\"6315\" data-end=\"6357\">\n<p data-start=\"6318\" data-end=\"6357\">Factors affecting plant distribution.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6358\" data-end=\"6394\">\n<p data-start=\"6361\" data-end=\"6394\">Phytogeographic zones of India.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6395\" data-end=\"6436\">\n<p data-start=\"6398\" data-end=\"6436\">Soil, climate and vegetation of India.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"6438\" data-end=\"6455\"><strong data-start=\"6438\" data-end=\"6455\">Forest Botany<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"6459\" data-end=\"6526\">Major and minor forest products with special reference to Kerala.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6530\" data-end=\"6576\">Significance of forests for the environment.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6580\" data-end=\"6632\">Consequences of deforestation and industrialization.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"6634\" data-end=\"6659\"><strong data-start=\"6634\" data-end=\"6659\">Environmental Biology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"6663\" data-end=\"6726\">Habitat ecology: terrestrial, freshwater, wetland and marine.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6730\" data-end=\"6796\">Population ecology: community ecology and ecological succession.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6800\" data-end=\"6852\">Ecosystems: structure, function, types and biomes.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6856\" data-end=\"6930\">Species interactions: competition, herbivory, carnivory, symbiosis, etc.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"6934\" data-end=\"7008\">Biogeochemical cycles and environmental pollution: air, water and noise.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7012\" data-end=\"7130\">Global environmental problems: ozone depletion, global warming, acid rain, nuclear hazards, El Ni\u00f1o, climate change.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7134\" data-end=\"7223\">Environmental Impact Assessment and major programmes: UNEP, IUCN, MAB, Earth Summit, CBD.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-start=\"7230\" data-end=\"7290\"><strong>MODULE IV \u2014 Cell &amp; Molecular Biology, Genetics (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"7291\" data-end=\"7319\"><strong data-start=\"7291\" data-end=\"7319\">Cell &amp; Molecular Biology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"7323\" data-end=\"7427\">Cell structure and function: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; cytoskeleton organization and motility.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7431\" data-end=\"7503\">Origin, ultrastructure and functions of cell membranes and organelles.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7507\" data-end=\"7576\">Chromosome chemistry: DNA, RNA, kinetochore, NOR and constrictions.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7580\" data-end=\"7629\">Numerical and structural chromosome variations.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7633\" data-end=\"7744\">Cell divisions: stages; synaptonemal complex; theories and mechanisms of crossing over; molecular mechanisms.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7748\" data-end=\"7803\">Cell differentiation: characteristics and mechanisms.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7807\" data-end=\"7855\">DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7859\" data-end=\"7887\">Molecular nature of genes.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7891\" data-end=\"7946\">Molecular tools for studying genes and gene activity.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7951\" data-end=\"8063\">Techniques of DNA analysis: preparation of DNA\/RNA probes, hybridization, autoradiography, DNA fingerprinting.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8068\" data-end=\"8120\">DNA sequencing; chemical synthesis of nucleotides.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8125\" data-end=\"8161\">PCR and FISH and their applications.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"8163\" data-end=\"8175\"><strong data-start=\"8163\" data-end=\"8175\">Genetics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"8179\" data-end=\"8221\">Mendelian genetics and gene interaction.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8225\" data-end=\"8267\">Linkage, crossing over and gene mapping.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8271\" data-end=\"8295\">Polygenic inheritance.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8299\" data-end=\"8340\">Extranuclear (cytoplasmic) inheritance.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8344\" data-end=\"8461\">Microbial genetics: transduction, transformation and conjugation in bacteria; lysogeny and lytic cycles in viruses.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8465\" data-end=\"8537\">Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA types, structure, function and replication.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8541\" data-end=\"8576\">Mutations, DNA damage and repair.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8580\" data-end=\"8684\">Genetic code and gene expression: protein synthesis and gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8688\" data-end=\"8761\">Translation, post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8766\" data-end=\"8835\">Contributions to gene synthesis: Khorana, Kornberg (brief account).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8840\" data-end=\"8954\">Population genetics: Hardy\u2013Weinberg equilibrium, genetic drift, genetic load, consanguinity and genetic effects.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8959\" data-end=\"9113\">Human genetics: blood group systems (ABO, Rh, MN), human karyotype and syndromes due to chromosomal aberrations, genetic counselling, pedigree analysis.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"8959\" data-end=\"9113\">Brief account of the Human Genome Project.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-start=\"9167\" data-end=\"9249\"><strong>MODULE V \u2014 Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biostatistics (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"9250\" data-end=\"9270\"><strong data-start=\"9250\" data-end=\"9270\">Plant Physiology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"9274\" data-end=\"9387\">Water relations: absorption and transpiration; stomatal opening and closing; factors affecting water transport.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9391\" data-end=\"9436\">Mineral nutrition: hydroponics, aeroponics.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9440\" data-end=\"9462\">Nitrogen metabolism.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9466\" data-end=\"9536\">Photosynthesis: C\u2083, C\u2084 and CAM pathways in detail; photorespiration.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9540\" data-end=\"9581\">Respiration: oxidative phosphorylation.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9585\" data-end=\"9628\">Ascent of sap; source\u2013sink relationships.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9632\" data-end=\"9721\">Growth and development: role of phytohormones, photoperiodism, vernalization, florigen.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9725\" data-end=\"9817\">Stress physiology: water, salt, heat and cold stress; heat-shock proteins and adaptations.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9821\" data-end=\"9877\">Seed germination: physiological and biochemical changes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"9879\" data-end=\"9895\"><strong data-start=\"9879\" data-end=\"9895\">Biochemistry<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"9899\" data-end=\"9966\">Carbohydrates: structure, function, metabolism, interconversions.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"9970\" data-end=\"10061\">Lipids: structure, function, metabolism; biosynthesis of fatty acids; \u03b1- and \u03b2-oxidation.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10065\" data-end=\"10196\">Amino acids and proteins: structures, properties, classification; amino-acid metabolism; Ramachandran plot; protein verification.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10200\" data-end=\"10314\">Enzymes: major groups, enzyme kinetics, assay, regulation, allosteric enzymes, isoenzymes, ribozymes, coenzymes.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10318\" data-end=\"10386\">Vitamins: classification, functions, sources and roles as coenzymes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"10388\" data-end=\"10402\"><strong data-start=\"10388\" data-end=\"10402\">Biophysics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"10406\" data-end=\"10430\">pH and buffer systems.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10434\" data-end=\"10548\">Microscopy: bright-field, phase-contrast, fluorescence, electron microscopy (SEM, TEM); photometry; colorimetry.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10552\" data-end=\"10650\">Chromatographic techniques: gel filtration, ion exchange, affinity, TLC, GC, HPLC, HPTLC, GC\u2013MS.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10654\" data-end=\"10752\">Electrophoresis: agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE), PAGE, SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, ELISA.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10756\" data-end=\"10815\">Centrifugation: density gradient and ultracentrifugation.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"10819\" data-end=\"11009\">Biophysical methods for biopolymer analysis: X-ray diffraction, fluorescence, NMR spectroscopy, UV-visible and ESR spectroscopy, ORD\/CD, atomic absorption and plasma emission spectroscopy.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11013\" data-end=\"11125\">Radiation dosimetry, radioactive isotopes, autoradiography, Cerenkov radiation, liquid scintillation techniques.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"11127\" data-end=\"11144\"><strong data-start=\"11127\" data-end=\"11144\">Biostatistics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"11148\" data-end=\"11187\">Sampling methods and sampling errors.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11191\" data-end=\"11245\">Data processing and presentation: tables and graphs.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11249\" data-end=\"11300\">Measures of central tendency: mean, median, mode.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11304\" data-end=\"11418\">Measures of dispersion: range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation, coefficient of variation.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11422\" data-end=\"11465\">Probability: basic concepts and theorems.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11469\" data-end=\"11523\">Experimental design: randomized block, Latin square.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11527\" data-end=\"11588\">Tests of significance: t-tests, chi-square, F-tests, ANOVA.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11592\" data-end=\"11628\">Correlation and regression analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-start=\"11635\" data-end=\"11713\"><strong>MODULE VI \u2014 Biotechnology, Bioinformatics, Computer Applications (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"11714\" data-end=\"11731\"><strong data-start=\"11714\" data-end=\"11731\">Biotechnology<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"11735\" data-end=\"11803\">Plant tissue culture techniques: direct and indirect regeneration.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11807\" data-end=\"11856\">Somatic cell genetics and somaclonal variation.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11860\" data-end=\"11977\">Somatic embryogenesis, artificial seeds, protoplast culture, somatic hybridization; applications in plant breeding.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"11981\" data-end=\"12043\">Haploid production: anther and ovule culture \u2014 applications.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12047\" data-end=\"12173\">Production of secondary metabolites: cell immobilization, bioreactor technology, in-vitro germplasm conservation strategies.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12177\" data-end=\"12316\">Isolation of genomic and organellar DNA; methods of gene identification \u2014 vector-mediated and vectorless PCR; genomic and cDNA libraries.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12320\" data-end=\"12416\">Gene transfer techniques: direct and indirect methods; transposons as vectors; gene silencing.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12420\" data-end=\"12470\">DNA markers: RFLP, RAPD, AFLP and antisense RNA.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12474\" data-end=\"12537\">Blotting techniques: Northern, Southern and Western blotting.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12542\" data-end=\"12648\">Transgenic biology: gene cloning and plant transformation techniques \u2014 gene targeting and sequence tags.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12653\" data-end=\"12764\">Genetically modified organisms and foods: social and ethical considerations, IPR issues, patents and biopiracy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"12766\" data-end=\"12784\"><strong data-start=\"12766\" data-end=\"12784\">Bioinformatics<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"12788\" data-end=\"12858\">Introduction to data structures, database concepts and search tools.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12862\" data-end=\"12900\">Application of databases in biology.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"12904\" data-end=\"13003\">Sequence databases, sequence comparison, structural databases, basics of proteomics and genomics.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13007\" data-end=\"13088\">Major bioinformatics resources: NCBI, EBI, EMBL, GenBank, DDBJ, SwissProt, PDB.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13092\" data-end=\"13163\">Tools in bioinformatics: BLAST, CLUSTAL-X\/CLUSTAL-W, PHYLIP, GENSCAN.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13167\" data-end=\"13263\">Applications of bioinformatics: transcriptomics, metabolomics, pharmacogenomics (brief account).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"13265\" data-end=\"13290\"><strong data-start=\"13265\" data-end=\"13290\">Computer Applications<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"13294\" data-end=\"13329\">Computer applications in biology.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13333\" data-end=\"13394\">Computer packages for biostatistics and numerical taxonomy.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13398\" data-end=\"13447\">Hardware and software components of a computer.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13451\" data-end=\"13563\">Internet resources for biology: public libraries of science, online publications, electronic journals and books.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-start=\"13570\" data-end=\"13626\"><strong>MODULE VII \u2014 Recent Developments in Botany (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"13630\" data-end=\"13801\">Recent advances and contemporary research topics across all major areas of plant sciences (cell &amp; molecular biology, biotechnology, ecology, taxonomy, physiology, etc.).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13805\" data-end=\"13910\">Emerging technologies, current trends and their applications in agriculture, conservation and industry.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"13914\" data-end=\"14051\">Contemporary issues: climate change impacts on plants, GM crops, biodiversity conservation strategies, novel biotechnological approaches.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h4 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"63\"><strong>PART II \u2014 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY \/ TEACHING APTITUDE (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5 data-start=\"65\" data-end=\"88\"><strong>I. Teaching Aptitude<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"91\" data-end=\"161\">Teaching: nature, objectives, characteristics and basic requirements<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"164\" data-end=\"191\">Learner\u2019s characteristics<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"194\" data-end=\"222\">Factors affecting teaching<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"225\" data-end=\"246\">Methods of teaching<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"249\" data-end=\"264\">Teaching aids<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"267\" data-end=\"285\">Evaluation systems<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"287\" data-end=\"311\"><strong>II. Research Aptitude<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"314\" data-end=\"360\">Research: meaning, characteristics and types<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"363\" data-end=\"382\">Steps of research<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"385\" data-end=\"406\">Methods of research<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"409\" data-end=\"426\">Research ethics<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"496\">Papers, articles, workshops, seminars, conferences and symposiums<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"541\">Thesis writing: characteristics and format<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"548\" data-end=\"571\"><strong>PART III \u2014 (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<h5 data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"619\"><strong>Salient Features of the Indian Constitution<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"622\" data-end=\"731\">Salient features of the Constitution; Preamble \u2014 its significance and role in constitutional interpretation<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"734\" data-end=\"874\">Fundamental Rights; Directive Principles of State Policy; relation between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles; Fundamental Duties<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"877\" data-end=\"977\">Executive, Legislature and Judiciary \u2014 at Union and State levels; other Constitutional authorities<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"1048\">Centre\u2013State relations \u2014 legislative, administrative and financial<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1092\">Services under the Union and the States<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1095\" data-end=\"1117\">Emergency provisions<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1160\">Amendment provisions of the Constitution<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"1162\" data-end=\"1207\"><strong>Social Welfare Legislations and Programmes<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1361\">Social service legislations: Right to Information Act; Prevention of Atrocities against Women &amp; Children; Food Security Act; Environmental Acts, etc.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1364\" data-end=\"1453\">Social welfare programmes: Employment Guarantee Programme; Organ and Blood Donation, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"1460\" data-end=\"1508\"><strong>RENAISSANCE IN KERALA \u2014 TOWARDS A NEW SOCIETY<\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5 data-start=\"1510\" data-end=\"1547\"><strong>Introduction to English Education<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1712\">\n<li data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1712\">\n<p data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1712\">Introduction to English education; various missionary organisations and their functioning; founding of educational institutions, factories, printing presses, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"1714\" data-end=\"1743\"><strong>Efforts to Reform Society<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1786\"><strong data-start=\"1744\" data-end=\"1784\">(A) Socio-Religious Reform Movements<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1787\" data-end=\"2050\">\n<li data-start=\"1787\" data-end=\"2050\">\n<p data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"2050\">SNDP Yogam; Nair Service Society; Yogakshema Sabha; Sree Narayana Paripalana Sangham (Sadhu Jana Paripalana Sangham); Vaala Samudaya Parishkarani Sabha; Samathwa Samajam; Islam Dharma Paripalana Sangham; Prathyaksha Raksha Daiva Sabha; Sahodara Prasthanam; etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2090\"><strong data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2088\">(B) Struggles and Social Revolts<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2091\" data-end=\"2370\">\n<li data-start=\"2091\" data-end=\"2370\">\n<p data-start=\"2093\" data-end=\"2370\">Upper cloth revolts; Channar agitation; Vaikom Satyagraha; Guruvayoor Satyagraha; Paliyam Satyagraha; Kuttamkulam Satyagraha; Temple Entry Proclamation; Temple Entry Act; Malayalee Memorial; Ezhava Memorial; Malabar riots; Civil Disobedience Movement; Abstention Movement; etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"2372\" data-end=\"2408\"><strong>Role of the Press in Renaissance<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul data-start=\"2409\" data-end=\"2619\">\n<li data-start=\"2409\" data-end=\"2619\">\n<p data-start=\"2411\" data-end=\"2619\">Newspapers and periodicals: Malayalee, Swadeshabhimani, Vivekodayam, Mithavadi, Swaraj, Malayala Manorama, Bhashaposhini, Mathrubhumi, Kerala Kaumudi, Samadarsi, Kesari, Al-Ameen, Prabhatham, Yukthivadi, etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"2621\" data-end=\"2653\"><strong>Awakening through Literature<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul data-start=\"2654\" data-end=\"2751\">\n<li data-start=\"2654\" data-end=\"2751\">\n<p data-start=\"2656\" data-end=\"2751\">Novel, drama, poetry; Purogamana Sahithya Prasthanam; Nataka Prasthanam; library movement; etc.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"2753\" data-end=\"2780\"><strong>Women and Social Change<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul data-start=\"2781\" data-end=\"2941\">\n<li data-start=\"2781\" data-end=\"2941\">\n<p data-start=\"2783\" data-end=\"2941\">Key figures: Parvathi Nenmenimangalam, Arya Pallam, A. V. Kuttimalu Amma, Lalitha Prabhu, Akkamma Cheriyan, Anna Chandi, Lalithambika Antharjanam, and others.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2973\">Leaders of the Renaissance<\/h5>\n<ul data-start=\"2974\" data-end=\"3749\">\n<li data-start=\"2974\" data-end=\"3749\">\n<p data-start=\"2976\" data-end=\"3749\">Thycaud Ayya Vaikundar; Sree Narayana Guru; Ayyan Kali; Chattampi Swamikal; Brahmananda Sivayogi; Vagbhadananda; Poikayil Yohannan (Kumara Guru); Dr. Palpu; Palakkunnath Abraham Malpan; Mampuram Thangal; Sahodaran Ayyappan; Pandit K. P. Karuppan; Pampadi John Joseph; Mannathu Padmanabhan; V. T. Bhattathirippad; Vakkom Abdul Khadar Maulavi; Makthi Thangal; Blessed Elias Kuriakose Chavara; Barrister G. P. Pillai; T. K. Madhavan; Moorkoth Kumaran; C. Krishnan; K. P. Kesava Menon; Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan; C. V. Kunjuraman; Kuroor Neelakantan Namboothiripad; Velukkutty Arayan; K. P. Vellon; P. K. Chathan Master; K. Kelappan; P. Krishna Pillai; A. K. Gopalan; T. R. Krishnaswami Iyer; C. Kesavan; Swami Ananda Theerthan; M. C. Joseph; Kuttippuzha Krishna Pillai; and others.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 data-start=\"3751\" data-end=\"3771\"><strong>Literary Figures<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul data-start=\"3772\" data-end=\"4114\">\n<li data-start=\"3772\" data-end=\"4114\">\n<p data-start=\"3774\" data-end=\"4114\">Kodungallur Kunhikkuttan Thampuran; Kerala Varma Valiya Koil Thampuran; Kandathil Varghese Mappila; Kumaran Asan; Vallathol Narayana Menon; Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer; G. Sankara Kurup; Changampuzha Krishna Pillai; Chandu Menon; Vaikom Muhammad Basheer; Kesav Dev; Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai; Ponkunnam Varkey; S. K. Pottakkad; and others.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 data-start=\"4121\" data-end=\"4181\"><strong>PART IV \u2014 GENERAL KNOWLEDGE AND CURRENT AFFAIRS (10 Marks)<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"4185\" data-end=\"4242\">Current national and international events of importance<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4245\" data-end=\"4288\">Important government schemes and policies<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4291\" data-end=\"4370\">Awards, honours and major recognitions in science, literature and public life<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4373\" data-end=\"4448\">Basic facts of geography, economy and polity relevant to Kerala and India<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4451\" data-end=\"4519\">Recent developments in education, health, environment and technology<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Download_Kerala_PSC_HSST_Botany_Syllabus_Exam_Pattern_2026\"><\/span><strong>How to Download Kerala PSC HSST Botany Syllabus &amp; Exam Pattern 2026<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"135\" data-end=\"279\">Candidates can easily download the official HSST Botany Syllabus &amp; Exam Pattern 2026 from the Kerala PSC website by following these steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"383\">Visit the official Kerala PSC website \u2013 <a class=\"decorated-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.keralapsc.gov.in\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"328\" data-end=\"380\">www.keralapsc.gov.in<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"387\" data-end=\"442\">Click on the \u201cDownloads\u201d section on the homepage.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"493\">Select \u201cSyllabus\u201d from the dropdown menu.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"497\" data-end=\"558\">Choose \u201cPost Wise Syllabus\u201d from the available options.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"562\" data-end=\"639\">Search for \u201cHSST Botany\u201d and click on the Download icon next to it.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"716\">The syllabus PDF will open \u2014 save or print it for future reference<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"modal\" id=\"modal25556384\"><div class=\"modal-content\"><span class=\"close-button\">&times;<\/span>\n\n<div class=\"wpcf7 no-js\" id=\"wpcf7-f25556384-o1\" lang=\"en-US\" dir=\"ltr\" data-wpcf7-id=\"25556384\">\n<div class=\"screen-reader-response\"><p role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\"><\/p> <ul><\/ul><\/div>\n<form action=\"\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25629461#wpcf7-f25556384-o1\" method=\"post\" class=\"wpcf7-form init\" aria-label=\"Contact form\" novalidate=\"novalidate\" data-status=\"init\">\n<fieldset class=\"hidden-fields-container\"><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7\" value=\"25556384\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_version\" value=\"6.1.4\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_locale\" value=\"en_US\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_unit_tag\" value=\"wpcf7-f25556384-o1\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wpcf7_container_post\" value=\"0\" 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Exams&quot;}]},{&quot;then_field&quot;:&quot;-1&quot;,&quot;and_rules&quot;:[{&quot;if_field&quot;:&quot;-1&quot;,&quot;operator&quot;:&quot;equals&quot;,&quot;if_value&quot;:&quot;Kerala PSC Technical Exams&quot;}]}],&quot;settings&quot;:{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;animation_intime&quot;:200,&quot;animation_outtime&quot;:200,&quot;conditions_ui&quot;:&quot;normal&quot;,&quot;notice_dismissed&quot;:false,&quot;notice_dismissed_update-cf7-5.9.8&quot;:true,&quot;notice_dismissed_update-cf7-6.1.1&quot;:true}}\" \/>\n<\/fieldset>\n<div class=\"custom-form-1\" id=\"custom-form-1\">\n\t<div class=\"custom-form-group-1\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"full-name\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Full Name\" value=\"\" type=\"text\" name=\"full-name\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"custom-form-group-1\">\n\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"phone\"><input size=\"40\" maxlength=\"400\" class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-tel wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-tel\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" placeholder=\"Phone Number\" value=\"\" type=\"tel\" name=\"phone\" \/><\/span>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"custom-form-group-1\">\n\t\t<div class=\"custom-select-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<p><span class=\"wpcf7-form-control-wrap\" data-name=\"language\"><select class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-select wpcf7-validates-as-required cf7-0678-exam-language\" aria-required=\"true\" aria-invalid=\"false\" name=\"language\"><option value=\"\">Select Language<\/option><option value=\"Malayalam\">Malayalam<\/option><option value=\"Tamil\">Tamil<\/option><option value=\"Telugu\">Telugu<\/option><option value=\"Kannada\">Kannada<\/option><option 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e&&!e.innerHTML.trim()&&(turnstile.remove(\"#cf-turnstile-cf7-2408862188\"), turnstile.render(\"#cf-turnstile-cf7-2408862188\", {sitekey:\"0x4AAAAAABVigxtkiZeGTu5L\"})); }, 0); });<\/script> <br class=\"cf-turnstile-br cf-turnstile-br-cf7-2408862188\"> <style>#cf-turnstile-cf7-2408862188 { margin-left: -15px; }<\/style> <script>document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){document.querySelectorAll('.wpcf7-form').forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener('submit',function(){if(document.getElementById('cf-turnstile-cf7-2408862188')){setTimeout(function(){turnstile.reset('#cf-turnstile-cf7-2408862188');},1000)}})})});<\/script> <\/div><br\/><input class=\"wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" \/>\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"wpcf7-response-output\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n<\/form>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Kerala PSC has released the HSST Botany Syllabus and Exam Pattern 2026 under the Higher Secondary Education Department. The updated syllabus covers key topics in Botany, including plant physiology, taxonomy, genetics, ecology, and more. It also details the exam structure, subject-wise marking scheme, and details. Download the latest HSST Botany 2026 syllabus PDF below! [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":115,"featured_media":25629491,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[802,1757],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25629461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-kerala-psc-technical"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Kerala PSC HSST Botany Syllabus &amp; Exam Pattern 2026 PDF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Download the Kerala PSC HSST Botany Syllabus &amp; Exam Pattern 2026 PDF. 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