{"id":1976,"date":"2026-09-14T06:45:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-14T06:45:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/?post_type=curriculum&#038;p=1976"},"modified":"2026-10-15T09:58:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T09:58:39","slug":"introduction-to-mutual-funds","status":"publish","type":"curriculum","link":"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/stock-market\/introduction-to-mutual-funds\/","title":{"rendered":"Introduction to Mutual Funds"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>A mutual fund is an investment scheme that pools money from many investors and invests it in stocks, bonds or other assets.<\/p>\n<p>A professional fund manager runs it on everyone&#8217;s behalf.\u00a0Each investor owns units of the fund.<\/p>\n<p>Gains or losses are shared in proportion to the units they hold.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What is a Mutual Fund?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Imagine 1,000 people each invest \u20b91,000. Together they create a fund of \u20b910 lakh.<\/p>\n<p>An expert invests that money across many companies or bonds.<\/p>\n<p>If the investments grow, everyone&#8217;s share grows. If they fall, everyone&#8217;s share falls.<\/p>\n<p>Each person gets a portion in proportion to what they paid.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>Note:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>You own units of the fund, not the shares inside it directly. So what happens to your money after you invest?<\/p>\n<h2><strong>How do Mutual Funds Work?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Here is the journey your money takes:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>You invest money in a mutual fund scheme.<\/li>\n<li>Your money joins a common pool with other investors&#8217; money.<\/li>\n<li>As per the scheme&#8217;s stated objective, the fund manager invests the pool in stocks, bonds or other assets.<\/li>\n<li>The value of those assets rises or falls every day.<\/li>\n<li>Gains or losses are shared among investors in proportion to the units they hold.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><strong>What does NAV mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>NAV (Net Asset Value) is worked out as<\/p>\n<h5>(total value of the fund&#8217;s assets \u2212 expenses) \u00f7 number of units<\/h5>\n<p>Say you invest \u20b910,000 when the NAV is \u20b950. You get 200 units.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>If NAV rises to \u20b955, your investment is worth 200 \u00d7 \u20b955 = \u20b911,000.<\/li>\n<li>If NAV falls to \u20b945, it is worth 200 \u00d7 \u20b945 = \u20b99,000.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2516 \" src=\"https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/03-what-is-nav-e1792058150691.webp\" alt=\"NAV\" width=\"705\" height=\"323\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/03-what-is-nav-e1792058150691.webp 1597w, https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/03-what-is-nav-e1792058150691-300x138.webp 300w, https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/03-what-is-nav-e1792058150691-1024x470.webp 1024w, https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/03-what-is-nav-e1792058150691-768x353.webp 768w, https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/03-what-is-nav-e1792058150691-1536x705.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> mutual fund returns are not fixed or guaranteed. The NAV can go down as well as up.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Why do People Invest in Mutual Funds?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Professional management:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Trained experts research and track investments for you.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Diversification:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>One fund may hold dozens of stocks or bonds. So one bad company hurts less.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Affordability:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can start a SIP with a small monthly amount.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Liquidity:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Most open-ended funds can be redeemed on any business day.<\/p>\n<p>Some charge an <strong>exit load<\/strong> if you leave early, and ELSS funds have a 3-year lock-in.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Regulation:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>SEBI rules, independent trustees, custodians that hold the assets, and daily NAV disclosure protect investors.<\/p>\n<p>Regulation protects you from misuse of money, not from market falls. How risky a fund is depends on what it invests in.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are the Types of Mutual Funds in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Funds are grouped by what they invest in. Here are the types beginners meet most often:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Invests in<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Risk<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Key Caution<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Equity funds<\/td>\n<td>Company shares<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>Can fall sharply in the short term<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Debt funds<\/td>\n<td>Bonds, government securities<\/td>\n<td>Low\u2013moderate<\/td>\n<td>Interest-rate and credit risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Hybrid funds<\/td>\n<td>Mix of equity and debt<\/td>\n<td>Moderate<\/td>\n<td>Risk rises with equity share<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Index funds<\/td>\n<td>Same stocks as an index, e.g. Nifty 50<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>Falls when the market falls<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ELSS funds<\/td>\n<td>Mainly equity<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<td>No withdrawal for 3 years<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Liquid funds<\/td>\n<td>Very short-term debt<\/td>\n<td>Low<\/td>\n<td>Modest returns, not guaranteed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><strong>Mutual Fund vs Stock: Which Suits a Beginner?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Factor<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Mutual Fund<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Direct Stocks<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Who manages<\/td>\n<td>Professional fund manager<\/td>\n<td>You<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Diversification<\/td>\n<td>Built in<\/td>\n<td>You must build it yourself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Research needed<\/td>\n<td>Low to moderate<\/td>\n<td>High<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Minimum investment<\/td>\n<td>Small SIP amounts<\/td>\n<td>Price of at least one share<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Control<\/td>\n<td>Low; the manager decides<\/td>\n<td>Full control<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Volatility<\/td>\n<td>Usually lower, as risk is spread<\/td>\n<td>Often higher; single-company risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>May suit<\/td>\n<td>Beginners, busy professionals<\/td>\n<td>Experienced, hands-on investors<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>It is not either\/or. Many investors start with mutual funds and learn about direct stocks later.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>SIP vs Lump Sum: Which should You Choose?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SIP (Systematic Investment Plan):<\/strong> you invest a fixed amount at regular intervals, for example \u20b95,000 every month.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lump sum:<\/strong> you invest a large amount at once.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Averaging smooths your purchase price. It does not guarantee profit.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A SIP may suit you if you\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>earn a regular income<\/li>\n<li>are new to investing<\/li>\n<li>worry about investing at the wrong time<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>A lump sum may suit you if you\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>have a bonus or windfall<\/li>\n<li>a long time horizon<\/li>\n<li>are investing in debt or liquid funds<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>What Mutual Fund Terms Should Every Beginner Know?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>NAV<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Price of one unit of the fund<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Expense ratio<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Yearly fee charged as a % of your investment; deducted from the fund<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>AUM (Assets Under Management)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Total money the fund manages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>AMC (Asset Management Company)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Company that runs the mutual fund<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Fund Manager<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Person who decides where the money is invested<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Exit load<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Fee for redeeming before a set period<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Lock-in period<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Time you cannot withdraw (3 years for ELSS)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>CAGR<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Average yearly growth rate over a period<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Portfolio<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>List of stocks, bonds or other assets the fund holds<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Benchmark<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Index the fund&#8217;s performance is compared against<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Direct vs regular plan<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Direct: bought from the AMC, no commission, lower expense ratio.<\/p>\n<p>Regular: bought via a distributor, includes commission<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><strong>How to Invest in Mutual Funds in India: Step by Step<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>You can start investing in mutual funds in India in nine steps. KYC and a first SIP can usually be done online in under an hour.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Before you start, keep ready:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>PAN card and Aadhaar<\/li>\n<li>A bank account in your name<\/li>\n<li>A clear goal and rough time frame<\/li>\n<li>An emergency fund covering a few months of expenses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>1. Set a goal and time horizon<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>For example: <\/strong>an emergency fund, a bike in 3 years, or retirement in 25 years.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. Assess your risk tolerance<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Ask yourself: <\/strong>how would I feel if \u20b910,000 became \u20b98,000 for a few months?<\/p>\n<h4><strong>3. Pick a category that fits<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Match your time horizon to the fund type table above.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>4. Compare schemes within that category<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Look at expense ratio, performance against the benchmark over 5+ years, portfolio fit and the fund house&#8217;s track record of process.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>5. Complete KYC<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Submit PAN, Aadhaar and bank details once, online or through a registered intermediary.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>6. Choose a direct or regular plan<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Direct plans cost less; regular plans include advice from a distributor, for a commission.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>7. Start a SIP or lump sum<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Invest through the AMC&#8217;s website, a registrar platform, or a SEBI-registered app or adviser.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>8. Review once or twice a year<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Check whether the fund still fits your goal. Daily tracking is not needed.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>9. Avoid frequent switching<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>Short periods of underperformance are normal.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Common Problems and Fixes:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>KYC on hold:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Usually a name or address mismatch between PAN and Aadhaar. Update the records, then reapply.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SIP instalment failed:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Check the bank mandate and keep enough balance on the debit date.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Bought a regular plan by mistake:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>You can switch to the direct plan. But before that check exit load and tax first.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are the Risks of Mutual Funds?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Market Risk:<\/strong> equity fund values fall when stock markets fall.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interest-Rate Risk:<\/strong> debt fund NAVs can drop when interest rates rise.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Credit Risk:<\/strong> a bond issuer may fail to repay.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Liquidity and Exit-Load Costs:<\/strong> early withdrawal may cost a fee. ELSS money is locked for 3 years.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-2517 \" src=\"https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/08-risks-of-mutual-funds-e1792058223702.webp\" alt=\"Mutual Funds Risks\" width=\"682\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/08-risks-of-mutual-funds-e1792058223702.webp 1597w, https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/08-risks-of-mutual-funds-e1792058223702-300x136.webp 300w, https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/08-risks-of-mutual-funds-e1792058223702-1024x464.webp 1024w, https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/08-risks-of-mutual-funds-e1792058223702-768x348.webp 768w, https:\/\/wp-cdn.entri.app\/explore\/2026\/09\/08-risks-of-mutual-funds-e1792058223702-1536x695.webp 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\"><\/p>\n<p>Every scheme shows a <strong>riskometer<\/strong>. It rates its risk from Low to Very High. Check it before you invest.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Common Beginner Mistakes to Avoid<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chasing last year&#8217;s top returns \u2013<\/strong> past performance may not repeat.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ignoring the expense ratio \u2013<\/strong> a 1% higher fee eats into returns every year.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Investing without a goal \u2013<\/strong> you won&#8217;t know which fund or horizon fits.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stopping SIPs when markets fall \u2013<\/strong> you miss buying units at lower prices.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mixing insurance and investment \u2013<\/strong> products that combine both are often costly and hard to understand.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Expecting guaranteed returns \u2013<\/strong> no mutual fund can promise fixed returns.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>ALSO READ<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/stock-market\/introduction-to-indian-stock-market\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Introduction to Indian Stock Market<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/stock-market\/stock-exchange-and-market-timings\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Stock Exchange and Market Timings\u00a0<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/stock-market\/fundamental-analysis-vs-technical-analysis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Fundamental Analysis vs Technical Analysis<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/stock-market\/how-to-choose-a-stock-broker\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>How to Choose a Stock Broker<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/stock-market\/what-is-leverage-and-margin-trading\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>What is Leverage and Margin Trading?<\/b><\/a><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/stock-market\/key-factors-before-investing-in-a-mutual-fund\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>Key Factors Before Investing in a Mutual Fund<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/entri.app\/explore\/stock-market\/how-to-analyse-a-mutual-fund\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>How to Analyze Mutual Funds<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A mutual fund is an investment scheme that pools money from many investors and invests it in stocks, bonds or other assets. A professional fund manager runs it on everyone&#8217;s behalf.\u00a0Each investor owns units of the fund. Gains or losses are shared in proportion to the units they hold. What is a Mutual Fund? Imagine [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"curriculum-category":[111,112,119],"custom_linking_tags":[],"class_list":["post-1976","curriculum","type-curriculum","status-publish","hentry","curriculum-category-stock-market","curriculum-category-stock-market-tutorials","curriculum-category-basics-of-indian-stock-market"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Introduction to Mutual Funds<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Wondering what mutual funds are and how you can start investing? 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