Solution:

• An operating system is a software that acts as an intermediary between the computer hardware and the computer user.
• It provides a set of services to manage the computer’s resources and facilitate the execution of application programs.
• Memory:
  • The operating system manages the computer’s memory, including RAM (Random Access Memory).
  • It allocates and deallocates memory space for running programs, ensuring that they have enough space to execute efficiently.
• Processor:
  • The operating system schedules and manages the execution of processes on the computer’s central processing unit (CPU).
  • It determines which processes get access to the CPU and for how long, ensuring fair and efficient resource utilization.
  • It also handles interruptions and exceptions, which are events that can temporarily suspend the normal execution of a program.
• Disk and I/O devices:
  • The operating system controls the interaction between the computer and its storage devices, such as hard drives and solid-state drives.
  • It manages file systems, which organize and store data on these devices.
  • It also oversees input/output (I/O) operations, which involve communication between the computer and external devices like keyboards, mice, printers, and network interfaces.