Solution:

Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) , gasoline or petrol , kerosene , jet fuel , diesel oil and fuel oils .

Fractional distillation is the separation of a mixture into its component parts , or fractions . Chemical compounds are separated by heating them to a temperature at which one or more fractions of the mixture will vaporize .