Q. A 4-bit ripple counter consists of flip-flops, which each have a propagation delay from clock to Q output of 15 ns. For the counter to recycle from 1111 to 0000, it takes a total of

A
15 ns
B
30 ns
C
45 ns
D
60 ns
Solution:

Since a counter is constructed using flip-flops, therefore, the propagation delay in the counter occurs only due to the flip-flops. One bit change is 15 ns, so 4-bit change = 15 X 4 = 60.

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