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The Punnapra-Vayalar uprising (October, 1946) was a communist uprising in the Princely State of Travancore, British India against the Prime Minister, C. P. Ramaswami Iyer and the state. Communist Party members were killed by the army of the Diwan , 470 people at Punnapra on 27 October and more than 150 at Vayalar on 28 October. The total loss of life is allegedly estimated to be more than a thousand. V. S. Achuthanandan, T. V. Thomas are main leaders.

Historian Manu S Pillai described Punnapra-Vayalar as an Ezhava – Dalit uprising against the Travancore Kingdom. The communists who took part in Punnapra revolt were mostly coir workers of Rural Alappuzha. They still form the backbone of Communist parties in Kerala even today. Punnapra-Vayalar is described by Robin Jeffrey as the only moment in history when an organized working class led an armed revolt against a British backed Kingdom.