Solution:

• Monosaccharides also called simple sugars, are the simplest form of sugar and the most basic units of carbohydrates.
• They cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler chemical compounds.
• They are usually colorless, water-soluble, and crystalline solids.
• Some monosaccharides have a sweet taste.
• Examples of monosaccharides include glucose (dextrose), fructose (levulose), and galactose.
• Monosaccharides are the building blocks of disaccharides (such as sucrose and lactose) and polysaccharides (such as cellulose and starch).
• The most important monosaccharide, glucose, is a hexose.
• Monosaccharides with eight or more carbons are rarely observed as they are quite unstable.
• In aqueous solutions monosaccharides exist as rings if they have more than four carbons.