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Bevel gears are gears where the axes of the two shafts intersect and the tooth-bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to work at other angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone.

Sleeve coupling / Muff coupling is the simplest type of rigid coupling which is used to transmit power between two shafts.

Design dimensions of the sleeve

length of the sleeve – 3.5 d mm

The outer diameter of the sleeve = 2d mm

Journal bearings are also called as plain bearing or slider bearing

The parts of Journal bearing are

1.Journal or shaft
2.Bearing liner or shell
3.segment
4.Base

Journal or plain bearings consist of a shaft or journal which rotates freely in a supporting metal sleeve or shell. There are no rolling elements in these bearings. Their design and construction are simple.

The most common material used to produce the load-carrying components in precision ball bearings, roller bearings, and tapered roller bearings is chrome steel.

The chemical composition of chrome steel has a high carbon content and about 1.5% chromium content. these bearing components have a high strength to resist cracking and a hard surface to resist subsurface rolling contact fatigue. The surface hardness for bearing components ranges from 60- 64 on the Rockwell hardness C scale.

Repetitive or random deviations from the normal surface which forms the pattern of the surface. Surface texture includes surface roughness, waviness, lay and flaws.

surface roughness: It consists of surface irregularities due to various machining process.It can further be classified into
i. Roughness height
ii. Roughness width
iii. Roughness width cut-off

Waviness: It is the distance between a peak to valley of a surface profile measured in millimetre.

Lay : Direction of the predominant surface pattern produced.

Flaws : Irregularities which occurs at one place or widely varying intervals at surface

The static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) and thyristor-controlled series capacitor (TCSC) are some of the FACTS control devices which provide series compensation to reactance of the lines to which they are connected, while the static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) and static VAR compensator (SVC) (where VAR stands for volt?ampere reactive) are FACTS devices which provide shunt compensation to transmission lines.

In two stroke engines, for every revolution of a crankshaft there is one power stroke. where as in four stroke engines, for every two revolutions of the crankshaft there is one power stroke. so, theoretically power developed by two stroke engines should be double that of four stroke engine. The theoretical fuel consumption of two stroke engine should be double that of 4 stroke engine at same speed.

Joule’s cycle is the cycle for the air engine proposed by Joule.
In it air is taken by a pump from a cold chamber and compressed adiabatically until its pressure is equal to that of the air in a hot chamber, into which it is then delivered, thereby displacing an equal amount of hot air into the engine cylinder.
Here it expands adiabatically to the temperature of the cold chamber into which it is finally exhausted.
This cycle, reversed, is used in refrigerating machines.
It is also called Brayton cycle.

List of foundry tools and its uses in green sand moulding

1.Hand riddle – cleaning the sand

Shovel – for sand transferring and conditioning of sand
Rammers – to compact the sand by ramming action
Sprue pin – used to produced sprue cavity
Strike off bar – used to remove the excess sand from the moulding box
Mallet – used to drive draw spike into the moulding sand
Draw spike – used to withdraw pattern from the moulding sand
Vent rod – used to pierce small holes improve the permeability of sand
Lifters – used for the repairing , cleaning, finishing the mould cavity after pattern withdrawal
Trowels – used for smoothing or slicking the surface of the mould
Slicks -used as a finishing tool also used to repair the mould cavity after pattern withdrawal.
Smoothers -used as a finishing tool to repair the mould cavity after pattern withdrawal.
Swab – used for sweeping away the molding sand from the mould surface and pattern

Electrical conductance is the ability of a material to pass current through itself for the given voltage difference.
It is measured by the unit siemens.
Electric conductance of a material is inversely proportional to its electric resistance.

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