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On rubbing two objects against each other, the objects get charged. One object gets a positive charge and the other gets a negative charge. Thus, both objects will attract, because, opposite charges attract and like charges repel.

During static discharge, charges will flow thus damaging the entire electronic chip. The high voltage will breakdown the insulating layer within the IC destroying the entire chip.

Static electricity is the imbalance of electric charges within or on the surface of a material.
Static electricity is a familiar electric phenomenon in which charged particles are transferred from one body to another.
For example, if two objects are rubbed together, especially if the objects are insulators and the surrounding air is dry, the objects acquire equal and opposite charges and an attractive force develops between them.
The object that loses electrons becomes positively charged, and the other becomes negatively charged. The force is simply the attraction between charges of opposite sign.

The Carnot engine cycle when acting as a heat engine consists of the following steps:
Reversible isothermal expansion of the gas at the ?hot? temperature.
Isentropic (reversible adiabatic) expansion of the gas.
Reversible isothermal compression of the gas at the ?cold? temperature.
Isentropic compression of the gas.

In the isometric projection of a sphere, the distance of the center of sphere (C) from the base point (G) is always taken as the isometric radius of the sphere (0.8 x Radius of the sphere)

The steam nozzle is a passage of varying cross-section by means of which the energy of steam is converted into kinetic energy.
The nozzle is so shaped that it will perform this conversion of energy with minimum loss.
One may also define a nozzle as an opening through which steam is passed from a region of high pressure to one of lower pressure so as to derive additional velocity.
It is chiefly used for producing a large velocity steam jet. In other words, its chief use is to produce a jet of steam for the purpose of driving steam turbines.

LM 317 is a linear voltage regulator. In LM 317,
Power dissipated = Current * Voltage difference between input and output
The minimum voltage is 3V.

In LM 317, 3 pins are present: Input pin, output pin and adjustment pin.

Most of the alternators have their pole-shoes slotted for receiving copper bars of a grid or damper winding (also known as squirrel-cage winding). These dampers are useful in preventing the hunting (momentary speed fluctuations) in generators and are needed in synchronous motors to provide the starting torque.

An Auto Transformer is a transformer with only one winding wound on a laminated core. An auto transformer is similar to a two winding transformer but differ in the way the primary and secondary winding are interrelated. It can be used as both step-up as well as step-down transformer. In case of an auto transformer power is transferred from primary to secondary both inductively and by direct conduction. The diagram shows the arrangement of Auto transformer.

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