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When reinforcement bars placed short of their required length need to be extended, we use Splices.
Anchorage as the name signifies is a component of post tensioning system which is used to anchor the tendons into the concrete while terminating or joining two tendons.
Standard Hooks and Bends in Reinforcement to carry transverse external loads.

Bearing plates are used to fix flat footed rails to wooden sleepers where as mild steel canted bearing plate are used in all joints and on curves to give better bearing area.

By definition a turnout is a simple arrangement of points and crossings by the manipulation of which the train from one track may be diverted to the another.

the distance between the inner faces of he flanges are kept lesser to prevent any touch by the flanges of wheels to the inner side of the rail.

A crossover is a pair of switches that connects two parallel rail tracks, allowing a train on one track to cross over to the other. A level crossing is also called a grade crossing, a railway crossing, or a railroad crossing.

Pointer moving over a scale is indicator

In a two-pipe system the WC waste is fed into a large diameter vertical soil pipe, seperate to the other waste water.
The key features of this system are:
WC waste is fed into a large bore soil pipe, which leads directly to the sewage network, and often runs down the outside wall of a property
Remaining waste waters from washbasins, bath and kitchen sink etc are combined via seperate smaller bore branch pipes in a gully just below ground level.
To prevent back siphoning and to discharge any gases from the drains, the large soil pipe is vented to the outside above the guttering.
All appliances contain a u-bend trap full of water to prevent drain smells penetrating the house.
The waste from the gully finally meets the soil water a short distance from the property on its way to the sewers.
At this meeting point will be an inspection chamber with a manhole cover.

The volumetric strain per unit increase in effective stress of soil is defined as volume compressibility .
The compression curve is plotted for effective stress versus void ratio. The void ratio is plotted using normal scale and effective stress is plotted using logarithm scale.
The slope taken from virgin compression curve is termed as compression index.
Coefficient of compressibility – the decrease in volume per unit volume (as of a gas) produced by a unit change in pressure.

Face failure occurs when soil above the toe contains weak stratum. In this case the failure plane intersects the slope above toe.
Toe failure is the most common failure in which failure plane passes through toe of slope.
Base failure occurs when there is a weak soil strata under the toe and failure plane passes through base of slope.
Rotational failure can be seen in finite slopes such as earthen dams, embankments, man-made slopes etc.

Usually, a cylindrical specimen is used, with a height ranging from 120 to 160 mm, and a diameter from 75 to 80 mm.

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