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Subsurface source of water – Spring

Surface Sources -River Ponds Streams

The standard unit of turbidity of water is that which is produced by 1 mg of finely divided silica dissolved in one litre of distilled water.
It is known as the Jackson Turbidity Unit (JTU).
Silicon dioxide or silica is commonly found in natural water sources, and its concentration can affect the water’s turbidity.
According to the water quality analysis, the turbidity formed by 1 mg silicon dioxide in 1L water is one standard turbidity unit, referred to as 1 degree.
Generally, the higher the turbidity, the cloudier the solution.

Olivetti is an Italian manufacturer of Standard typewriters.

Methods of disinfection of drinking water –
Treatment with excess lime
Treatment with excess ozone
Electra- Katadyn process

BOD of effluent from secondary biological treatment of sewage is 5 to 10% of the original.
Primary treatment remove ~60% of solids and ~35% of BOD .
Secondary treatment remove ~85% of BOD and solids.

During sludge digestion alkaline condition should prevail.
The desired range of pH values for the efficient digestion of sludge is 6.5 to 7.5.
It will enhance the activity of bacteria.
Digested sludge is alkaline in nature and pH is slightly above 7.

The values of R and C have been chosen so that at the required frequency the output voltage leads the input voltage by an angle of about 60degree. Then the phase angle between each successive RC section increases by another 60degree giving a phase difference between the input and output of 180degree (3 x 60degree)

Henry Mill was an English inventor who patented the first typewriter in 1714.

In physics, the dissipation factor (D) is a measure of loss-rate of energy of a mode of oscillation (mechanical, electrical, or electromechanical) in a dissipative system. It is the reciprocal of quality factor, which represents the “quality” or durability of oscillation.

Storage reservoirs are also called conservation reservoirs because they are used to conserve water. Storage reservoirs are constructed to store the water in the rainy season and to release it later when the river flow is low.
Flood Control Reservoirs: A flood control reservoir is constructed for the purpose of flood control. It protects the areas lying on its downstream side from the damages due to flood.
Retarding Reservoirs: A retarding reservoir is provided with spillways and sluiceways which are ungated. The retarding reservoir stores a portion of the flood when the flood is rising and releases it later when the flood is receding.
Distribution Reservoirs: A distribution reservoir is a small storage reservoir to tide over the peak demand of water for municipal water supply or irrigation. The distribution reservoir is helpful in permitting the pumps to work at a uniform rate. It stores water during the period of lean demand and supplies the same during the period of high demand.

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