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When stepper motor is at standstill (unexcited ), the amount of torque required to overcome its static equilibrium (motor shaft is moved by hand) is called detent torque. Detent torque is only seen when permanent magnets are used in motor construction.

Circuit turn – off time of an SCR is defined as the time during which a reverse voltage is applied across the thyristor during its commutation process.

When you increase gain the steady state error decreases, the system acts more quickly towards the target. Controllers improve steady state accuracy by decreasing the steady state errors. As the steady state accuracy improves, the stability also improves. They also help in reducing the noise signals produced in the system.

Soft handover or soft handoff refers to a feature used by the CDMA and W-CDMA standards, where a cell phone is simultaneously connected to two or more cells (or cell sectors) during a call.

E-waste-connected health risks may result from direct contact with harmful materials such as lead, cadmium, chromium, brominated flame retardants or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), from inhalation of toxic fumes, as well as from accumulation of chemicals in soil, water and food.

Drooping characteristics is due to armature reaction drop and armature voltage drop. In case there is a change of share of load among paralleled generators, the resulting voltage change opposes this change and restores the original division of load.

A single phase motor is not self starting because the single phase supply to the stator field produces an alternating flux. This produces forward and backward torque that are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Hence it is not self starting.

Biot savart’s law describes the magnetic field created by current carrying conductor .

To connect the metallic (conductive) Parts of an Electric appliance or installations to the earth (ground) is called Earthing. Generally bare copper strip of size 3SWG used as earth continuity conductor .

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