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Comparators are used in central processing units (CPUs) and microcontrollers (MCUs). Examples of digital comparator include the CMOS 4063 and 4585 and the TTL 7485 and 74682.

Note: An XNOR gate is a basic comparator, because its output is “1” only if its two input bits are equal..

For power semiconductor devices (such as BJT, MOSFET, thyristor or IGBT), The Safe Operating Area (SOA) is defined as the current- voltage boundary within which a power switching device can be operated without destructive failure.

Overflow always occur in the Mean Significant Bit or MSB bit.

In Excess-3 code, add 3 to the existing binary number. Thus 1001 + 0011 = 1100, option d is correct.

The numbers can be represented as follows.
2= 0010
4= 0100
6=0110
The BCD equivalent = 001101000110 , option (a)

The binary equivalent for 6 is 110.
+6 = 0110, append 0 at the msb
-6 = 1110, append 1 at the msb.
Thus option (c).

The absorption law states that:
A + AB = A
Proof:
A(1+B) = A.

In PNP transistors, majority charge carriers are holes, whereas in NPN transistors, electrons are the majority charge carriers.
The main difference between the NPN and PNP transistor is, an NPN transistor turns on when the current flows through the base of the transistor.

In PNP transistors, majority charge carriers are holes, whereas in NPN transistors, electrons are the majority charge carriers. … The main difference between the NPN and PNP transistor is, an NPN transistor turns on when the current flows through the base of the transistor.

The MOSFET is a four terminal device with source(S), gate (G), drain (D) and body (B) terminals.
The body of the MOSFET is frequently connected to the source terminal so making it a three terminal device like field effect transistor.
The MOSFET has four terminals: drain, source, gate, and body or substrate.

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