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The phase detector compares the input frequency with the feedback frequency and produces output dc voltage called as error voltage.

In the phase-locked, the output frequency is exactly same as the input signal frequency. So the circuit tracks any change in the input
frequency through its repetitive action.

The negative output level or output low voltage is the negative dc output voltage with comparator saturated by a differential input equal to or greater than specified voltage.

The strobe current is the current out of the strobe terminal when it is of the zero logic current.

The strobe release time is the time required for the output to rise to the logic threshold voltage after the strobe terminal has been
driven from zero to the one logic level.

The important feature of ICL8001 is low power consumption. It consume power in the range of 30mw.

The output waveform of the integrator is triangular, if its input is square wave. Therefore, a triangular wave generator can be obtained by connecting an integrator at the output of the square wave generator.

As the resistor value increase or decrease, the frequency of triangular wave will decrease or increase, respectively. Therefore, the amplitude of the triangular wave decreases with an increase in it frequency and vice verse.

The drawback of zero crossing detectors can be in cured with the use of regenerative or positive feedback that causes the output to change faster and eliminate any false output transition due to noise signals at
the input.

Sometimes it is necessary to find the instant at which an unknown input is between two threshold levels. This can be achieved by a circuit called window detector.

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