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A diode connected at the output of time marker generator circuit converts the sinusoidal signal into a train of positive pulses. So, these pulses are used in triggering the monoshot, SCR, sweep voltage of CRT, etc.

The special designed comparator outperforms the op-amp type. They are optimized for the most desirable promoters like speed and accuracy. So, their output is compatible with RTL, DTL, TTL and MOS Logic.

The response time of the comparator is the interval between the application of an input step function and the time output crosses the logic threshold voltage.

The diodes protect the op-amp from damage due to excessive input voltage. Because of these diodes the difference input voltage of the op-amp is clamped to 0.7v or -0.7 v, hence these diodes are clamp diodes.

The bandwidth of the op-amp comparator must be wider so that the output of comparator can switch rapidly between saturation levels. Also, the op-amp responds instantly to any change in condition at the input.

High voltage gain causes comparator output voltage to switch between saturation levels. High CMRR rejects noise at input terminal and input offset (voltage & current) help to keep changes in temperature variation
very slight.

To keep the output voltage swing within specific limit, op-amps are used with external wired components such as zeners or diodes. In the resulting circuit, the outputs are limited to predetermined values.

In zero crossing detectors, the output waveform is always a square wave for the applied sinusoidal input signal.
Basically it is a voltage comparator whose output changes when the input signal crosses the zero of the reference voltage level.
It find applications in electronics circuits mainly for switching purpose and in phase locked loop. Also, they are used in frequency counters and in phase meters.

Due to low frequency signal, the output voltage may not switch quickly from one saturation voltage to other. The presence of noise can fluctuate the output between two saturation voltages.

Noise spectral density at the output of FM demodulator increases with square of frequency

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