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: A wide band-pass filter has quality factor less than 10.

Band-reject filters are also called as band elimination filters. They are classified into two types.

i) Wide band-reject filter and

ii) Narrow band-reject filter.

A narrow band-reject filter is also called as notch filter because of its higher quality factor, Q (>10).

The passive twin T-network has a selectively low figure of merit. The Q of the network can be increased significantly, if it is used with the voltage follower.

Notch filters or narrow band-reject filters are used in biomedical instruments for eliminating undesired frequencies

In QAM, digital information is contained in both amplitude and phase of the signal

A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
It is widely used in industrial applications – variable speed ac motor drives, induction heating , UPS etc

Higher filters are formed by using the first and second order filters. For example, a third order low pass filter is formed by cascading first and second order low pass filter.

Although higher order filter than necessary gives a better stop band response, the higher order type is more complex, occupies more space and is more expensive.

The overall gain of higher order filter is fixed because all the frequency determining resistor and capacitors are equal.

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