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Hadoop is a framework for distributed storage and processing of large datasets across clusters.
Apache Spark provides a fast and general-purpose engine for large-scale data processing.
HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) manages large-scale data storage across a cluster.
Data partitioning splits data into manageable chunks for parallel processing in distributed systems.
Apache Kafka is a distributed streaming platform for handling real-time data feeds.
Data replication creates copies of data across nodes to ensure availability and fault tolerance.
The embedding layer converts categorical data, such as words, into dense vector representations.
The Rand Index measures the similarity between two clusterings, evaluating consistency.
Xavier initialization sets initial weights to maintain gradient flow and prevent vanishing or exploding gradients.
Cross-validation assesses model performance across multiple data splits, improving generalization.