Solution:

• Fractional distillation is a type of distillation which involves the separation of miscible liquids.
• The process involves repeated distillations and condensations and the mixture is usually separated into component parts.
• The separation happens when the mixture is heated at a certain temperature where fractions of the mixture start to vaporize.
• The basic principle of this type of distillation is that different liquids boil and evaporate at different temperatures. So when the mixture is heated, the substance with lower boiling point starts to boil first and convert into vapours.