Solution:

• Quinine is a medication used to treat malaria and babesiosis.

• This includes the treatment of malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum that is resistant to chloroquine when artesunate is not available.

• While used for restless legs syndrome, it is not recommended for this purpose due to the risk of side effects.

• It can be taken by mouth or used intravenously. Malaria resistance to quinine occurs in certain areas of the world. Quinine is also the ingredient in tonic water that gives it its bitter taste.

• Quinine was first isolated in 1820 from the bark of a cinchona tree. Bark extracts have been used to treat malaria since at least 1632.

• It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.