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? Property of metals capable of being drawn into thin wires: Ductility

? Property of metal to produce sound: Sonority

? Property of metals capable of being drawn into thin sheets: Malleability

? This was invented in 1828 by James Beaumont Neilson.

? The high temperature inside the furnace melts the iron. The molten iron runs to the bottom of the furnace from where it is tapped off from time to time.

? The large chunks of iron formed are called ‘pigs’. so, the iron produced by blast furnace is called pig iron.

Syngas, or synthesis gas is a fuel gas mixture consisting primarily of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and very often some carbon dioxide. The name comes from its use as intermediates in creating synthetic natural gas (SNG) and for producing ammonia or methanol.

Deuterium (D ), also called heavy hydrogen , isotope of hydrogen with a nucleus consisting of one proton and one neutron, which is double the mass of the nucleus of ordinary hydrogen (one proton). Deuterium has an atomic weight of 2.014 u.

Carbon steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. Low alloy steel includes carbon and small additions of other alloying elements such as chromium, manganese, molybdenum, etc. up to maximum of 5% total added alloying content.

It was observed that the higher carbon content results in an increase in yield stress and ultimate tensile stress, while the elongation remains essentially constant.

?Cyanide process, also called Macarthur-forrest Process, method of extracting silver and gold from their ores by dissolving them in a dilute solution of sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide.

? The most malleable metal: Gold

? King of metal: Gold

? Gold does not react with air and loses luster.

Because metallic oxides are basic in nature. They react with dilute acids to form salt and water. Group 1 & 2 oxides are highly alkaline in nature that is why group 1 called alkaline metals and group 2 called Alkaline Earth metals. Because of basic nature the colour of the indicator turn blue .

Aluminium ore is called bauxite . The bauxite is purified to produce aluminium oxide, a white powder from which aluminium can be extracted. The extraction is done by electrolysis. The ions in the aluminium oxide must be free to move so that electricity can pass through it.

During electrolysis:

Positively charged aluminium ions gain electrons from the cathode, and form molten aluminium .
Oxide ions lose electrons at the anode, and form oxygen molecules .

Oxidation is the gain of oxygen.
Reduction is the loss of oxygen.

Using suitable reducing agent , copper oxide can be reduced in to metallic copper.

Flux is the material or substance thats is added to molten metals to bond with impurities that can be readily removed whereas slag is the waste material which is removed. Fluxes are used during the refining of metals.

Limestone is commonly used for this purpose in smelting iron ores.

Silica is the impurity present along with iron and it combines with lime stone to form calcium silicate as slag.

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