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Sex hormones: Controls the development and functions of sex organs. These are secreted by the adrenal gland and Gonads (ovary & testis).

Testosterone – Controls secondary sexual characters (change in voice, growth of hair, development of reproductive organs) and sperm production.
Estrogen – Controls secondary sexual characters, ovulation, menstrual cycle etc.
Progesterone – Controls ovulation, menstrual cycle and implantation of embryo in the uterus.

Thymus is an endocrine gland situated behind the sternum. This gland is very active during infancy but constricts as we reach puberty. This gland produces a hormone called thymosin. It is also known as ‘Youth hormone’. The major function of this gland is to control the activities and maturation of T lymphocytes which help to impart immunity.

Sleeping and waking up are examples for rhythmic bodily activities.
These kinds of activities are controlled by the pineal gland, seen at the centre of the brain.
Melatonin, the hormone produced by this gland helps to maintain the rhythm of our daily activities.
The production of melatonin is high at night and low during the day.

Sleeping and waking up are examples for rhythmic bodily activities. These kinds of activities are controlled by the pineal gland, seen at the centre of the brain. Melatonin, the hormone produced by this gland helps to maintain the rhythm of our daily activities. The production of melatonin is high at night and low during the day.

If the production of somatotropin increases during the growth phase, it leads to the excessive growth of the body. This condition is called Gigantism.
It leads to another stage called Dwarfism when its production decreases during the growth
phase.
Acromegaly is the condition caused by the excessive production of somatotropin after the growth phase.

While viewing distant objects the curvature of the lens of eye decreases and the focal length increases.
While viewing nearby objects the curvature of the lens of eye increases and the focal length decreases.

Semicircular canals, vestibule and cochlea are the main parts of the internal ear. Semicircular canals and vestibule help in balancing the body whereas cochlea helps in hearing.

Tympanum – A thin circular membrane that separates the middle ear from the external ear. It vibrates in resonance with sound waves.

Chemoreceptors seen inside the mouth and tongue help us to detect taste.
These are seen mainly on the surface of the tongue.
The projected structures seen on the surface of the tongue are called papillae.
The parts seen on the papillae that detect taste are the taste buds.

The endocrine system is an organ system that controls and coordinates all activities in the body. This system includes endocrine glands and their secretions called hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers that regulate cellular activities.

Chemical substances that are secreted by certain animals to the surroundings to facilitate communication are called pheromones. Pheromones help in attracting mates, informing the availability of food, determining the path of travel, signalling dangers etc.

Pancreas is the gland that is connected to the duodenum, the continuation of the stomach.

The beta cells in the cell cluster of this gland called Islets of Langerhans, produce the hormone insulin and alpha cells produce the hormone glucagon.

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