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Virus – a cellless organism, with only genetic and protein shells. It causes many deadly diseases.

Works only on the cell and inanimate outside the cell. Once in the host cell, it multiplies with the local resources.
Bacteria – single-celled organisms without nuclei.

Single-celled organisms with amoeba-nuclei.

Fungi (fungi – migratory single-celled organisms / multicellular organisms)

Predation – one is good for the other and the other is bad for the prey. E.g. Leopard and deer

Parasites – beneficial to one, harmful to the other, parasites depend on the host for nutrition. E.g. Flour and lentils

Competition – bad for both in the beginning and good for those who win later .Eg; Rice and weeds

Mutalism – beneficial to both organisms e.g. Crow and cow, flower and butterfly

Commonsalism – one is good and the other is good or bad .Eg; Flour and bananas.

All weather phenomena occur within the troposphere, although turbulence may extend into the lower portion of the stratosphere.

Troposphere means “region of mixing” and is so named because of vigorous convective air currents within the layer.

Biodiversity – Walter G. Rosen

Ecology – Ernst Haeckel

Habitat (Ecosystem) – Arthur Tansley

Cell – Robert Hooke

The four basic elements of life are: Oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and phosphorus. These four elements are found in abundance in both the human body and in animals. There are other elements that compose the human body, but the four we’ve highlighted participate in all life processes.

Sulphur is known to destroy the metallic properties of copper. Sulphur attacks copper to form black spot of Copper Sulphide and hence is known as ‘enemy of copper’.
Sulphur is derived from Sanskrit word “shulbari” meaning enemy of copper.
When Sulphur burns in air we can see blue color.
Element that doesn’t have radioactive isotopes is Sulphur.

Methyl orange shows red color in acidic medium and yellow color in basic medium. Because it changes color at the pH of a mid strength acid, it is usually used in titration for acids. The pH range is 3.0-4.4 and methyl orange indicator is used for the titration of strong acid against strong or weak base.

Sucrononic acid was discovered in 1990 by the French Jean-Marie Tinti and Claude Nofre, and has a sweetening power of 200,000; today it still holds the world record for sweetness. And which is known as the sweetest acid.

Robert H. Whitaker classified the creatures into five kingdoms

Kingdom 1-Monera (single-celled organisms without bacteria-nucleus)

Kingdom 2 – Protista (single-celled organisms with amoeba-nuclei)

Kingdom 3 – Fungi (fungi – single-celled organisms / multicellular organisms that cannot move)

Kingdom 4 – Plante (plants – mammals with no motility)

Kingdom 5 – Animalia (Animals – Parasitic and Movable Multicellulars)

The kingdom of Monira was divided into two kingdoms, Archaea and Bacteria, and a domain of six taxonomic schemes was devised by Carl Woese.

Domain Bacteria – Kingdom Bacteria

DomainArchia-Kingdom Arcia

Domain Eucaria – Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungai, Kingdom Plante, Kingdom Animalia.

John Ray (England) – More than 18000 plants were recorded in the book Historia Generalis Plantarum .The term “species” was first used.

Carl Linnaeus (Sweden) – The father of modern taxonomy, devised a two-name scheme for giving living things a scientific name.

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes directly behind Earth and into its shadow. This can occur only when the Moon, Earth, and Sun are exactly or very closely aligned, with Earth between the other two. A lunar eclipse can occur only on the night of a full moon.

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