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Pelvic girdle – 2
Sternum – 1
Pectoral girdle – 4

Pivot joint – Neck
Hinge joint – Elbows, Knee
Ball and socket joint – Shoulders, Hip
Gliding joint – Wrists, Ankles

Pivot joint – Also known as rotary joints, are a type of synovial joint that permit axial rotation. Enables movement in different directions. Examples are the joints between your ulna and radius bones that rotate your forearm, and the joint between the first and second vertebrae in your neck.

Smooth muscle / Nonstriated muscle :

Seen in internal organs like the stomach, small intestine,
and in blood vessels .
Spindle shaped cells.
No striations.
Make involuntary movements possible.

Dr. Willem Johan Kolf – Designed the first artificial kidney.
Dr. Joseph E. Murray – Conducted the first kidney transplantation surgery.
Wilson Greatbatch – Invented the artificial pacemaker.

Kidney stone – Caused due to the deposition of crystals of calcium salts in kidney or urinary tract.
Nephritis – Inflammation of kidneys due to infection or intoxication.
Uremia – Caused by different types of kidney diseases, nephritis, diabetes, high blood pressure.

Amoeba – No specific excretory organ.
Insects – Malphigian tubules
Earthworm – Nephridia
Fishes – Kidneys

Striated muscle / Skeletal muscle:

Seen attached to bones.
Cylindrical cells.
Dark and light striations are seen.
Make voluntary movements possible.

Kidneys are bean-shaped.
Located in the abdominal cavity on either sides of the vertebral column.
Expels urine (urea + water).

Nephrons are found in the kidneys. So the answer is (D).
Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys. They are responsible for filtering blood and removing waste products, including urea, creatinine, and excess water. Nephrons also help to regulate blood pressure and electrolyte levels.
Each kidney contains about 1 million nephrons. Nephrons are made up of two main parts: the glomerulus and the renal tubule.
The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters blood. The renal tubule is a long tube that reabsorbs water and other essential nutrients from the filtrate and secretes waste products into the filtrate.

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