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Lungs

Center of the Respiratory System: Lungs
Muscleless organ: Lungs
The double layer that covers the lungs: the pleura
The lungs are made up of: cartilage rings

Enamel is the most mineralized tissue of the body, forming a very hard, thin, translucent layer of calcified tissue that covers the entire anatomic crown of the tooth. It can vary in thickness and hardness on each tooth, from tooth to tooth and from person to person.

Incisor – Eight teeth in the front – four above and four below , it helps to bite and cut .
Canine – Four teeth near the incisors on both sides above and below , it helps to tear off foodstuff.
Premolar – Eight teeth next to canines on both sides above and below , it helps to chew and grind .
Molar – Twelve teeth next to premolars above and below , it helps to grind and crush .

Large intestine is the broader intestine following small intestine and is about one and a half metre long . The absorption of water containing minerals and salts takes place here . What remains after that is the faeces . It is stored in the rectum and expelled through the anus .

The nutrients in digested food are absorbed from small instestine.
Absorption of water take place in Large intestine.
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Digestion starts at mouth .
Stomach – Food reaches the stomach from the mouth through the oesophagus . It is the wave like movement of the oesophagus which enables this . This is called peristalsis. Due to the movement of the stomach wall , food is rendered paste like inside the stomach . The digestive enzymes produced by the stomach digests food chemically too .
Small intestine – small intestine is about six metre long . Digestion of food is completed here . The nutrients in the digested food are absorbed into the blood .
Large intestine – Large intestine is the broader intestine following small intestine and is about one and a half metre long . The absorption of water containing minerals and salts takes place here . What remains after that is the faeces . It is stored in the rectum and expelled through the anus .

Soap is alkali , turmeric is an indicator and it appears red in alkali .

Methyl Orange – Pale pink ( Acid ) , Pale yellow ( Alkali )
Turmeric – Yellow ( acid ) , Red ( Alkali )
Phenolphthalein – Colourless ( Acid ) , Pink ( Alkali )
Hibiscus paper ( blue ) – Red ( Acid ) , Blue ( Alkali )

When definite amounts of acid and alkali are mixed , their acidic and alkaline natures are lost and salt and water are formed . This is called Neutralisation .

Citric acid – used as food preservatives and in soft drinks.
Nitric acid – Manufacture of chemical fertilizers , paints ,dyes etc.
Tannic acid – Production of ink and leather .

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