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The phenomenon in which the path of light gets deviated when it travels from one medium to another is called Refraction .
The bending of light waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle is called Diffraction.
When sunlight passes through the earth’s atmosphere, much of the light is absorbed by the fine dust particles and air molecules in the atmosphere which give out the absorbed light in some other direction. This is called scattering of light.

Lemon – Citic acid
Tomato – Oxalic acid
Apple – Malic acid

Silver and Aluminium reflects light more .

The ray falling on the mirror is called incident ray .
The angle between the incident ray and the normal is called angle of incidence .

Convex Mirror – Reflecting surface is curved outword. Diminshed image of the object is obtained .
Concave Mirror – Reflecting surface is curved inward . Ability to form enlarged image . eg ; Shaving mirror,Reflector in Torch .

Ebola is a rare but deadly virus which was first identified in 1976 by researchers sent to investigate an ailment that was killing victims in a remote part of Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).
The Ebola outbreak in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has so far infected more than 3,300 people and killed more than 2,200 since the middle of 2018, making it the second-worst on record.

Ability to form enlarged image and ability to reflect light as a parallel beam is the peculiarity of Concave mirrors.
Convex Mirror – Reflecting surface is curved outword. Diminshed image of the object is obtained .eg; Rear view mirror .
Concave Mirror – Reflecting surface is curved inward . Ability to form enlarged image . eg ; Shaving mirror,Reflector in Torch .

Dispersion – The phenomenon of splitting up of white light into its component colours .
Lateral Inversion – Shift of lateral side of the image in the opposite direction .

Layering is a means of plant propagation in which a portion of an above-ground stem grows roots while still attached to the parent plant and then detaches as an independent plant.eg ; Jasmine , Rose , hibiscus
Hybridisation is the method of producing new seeds through artificial pollination between plants of the same species but of different varities .

Acetobacter , Rhizobium , Nitrobacter are the bacterias that converts atmospheric Nitrogen to Nitrate .
Rhizobium is a genus of Gram-negative soil bacteria that fix nitrogen. Rhizobium species form an endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing association with roots of legumes and other flowering plants.

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