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Monera kingdom includes bacteria, cyanobacteria, mycoplasma etc. They are unicellular organisms and do not have specific mode of nutrition.

A perfect insulator does not exist, because even insulators contain small numbers of mobile charges (charge carriers) which can carry current.

Diabetes mellitus (DM), commonly referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic disorders in which there are high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Symptoms of high blood sugar include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.If left untreated, diabetes can cause many complications. Acute complications can include diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, or death.Serious long-term complications include cardiovascular disease, stroke, chronic kidney disease, foot ulcers, and damage to the eyes.

Semiconductor diodes are a vital component in power supplies where they are used to convert AC mains (line) voltage to DC. The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in one direction (called the diode’s forward direction), while blocking it in the opposite direction (the reverse direction).

Polarization is a property applying to transverse waves that specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations.

Radius of sphere = 5cm (Given)

Surface potential = 10V (Given)

Electrical potential = V = w/q0

where w is the work done and q0 – unit charge

In the case of a hollow metal sphere, the electric field inside the shell is zero. This refers to that the potential inside the shell will be constant. Therefore the potential at the center of the sphere will be same as that on its surface, i.e. 10 V. Thus, the potential at a distance of 2 cm from the center of the sphere is 10V

Since no ions are missing from the crystal as a whole, there is no effect on density.

Thin-film interference is a natural phenomenon in which light waves reflected by the upper and lower boundaries of a thin film interfere with one another, either enhancing or reducing the reflected light. When the thickness of the film is an odd multiple of one quarter-wavelength of the light on it, the reflected waves from both surfaces interfere to cancel each other. Since the wave cannot be reflected, it is completely transmitted instead. When the thickness is a multiple of a half-wavelength of the light, the two reflected waves reinforce each other, increasing the reflection and reducing the transmission. Thus when white light, which consists of a range of wavelengths, is incident on the film, certain wavelengths (colors) are intensified while others are attenuated. Thin-film interference explains the multiple colors seen in light reflected from soap bubbles and oil films on water. It is also the mechanism behind the action of antireflection coatings used on glasses and camera lenses.

Boiling point and freezing point depend on molal elevation constant and molal depression constant of the solvent. Thus equimolar solution will have same boiling point and also same freezing point.

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