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Carbon dioxide (chemical formula CO2) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air. Carbon dioxide consists of a carbon atom covalently double bonded to two oxygen atoms. It occurs naturally in Earth’s atmosphere as a trace gas. The current concentration is about 0.04% (410 ppm) by volume, having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm. Natural sources include volcanoes, hot springs and geysers, and it is freed from carbonate rocks by dissolution in water and acids. Because carbon dioxide is soluble in water, it occurs naturally in groundwater, rivers and lakes, ice caps, glaciers and seawater. It is present in deposits of petroleum and natural gas. Carbon dioxide is odorless at normally encountered concentrations, however, at high concentrations, it has a sharp and acidic odor.

Metalloid, a chemical element with properties intermediate between those of typical metals and nonmetals. Usually considered under this classification are the chemical elements boron, silicon, germanium, arsenic, antimony, and tellurium. The rare elements polonium and astatine are also sometimes included.

Chandrashekhar estimated the limit (Chandrashekhar limit) on the size of a highly dense variety of star known as ‘White Dwarf’. If this star’s mass exceeds the limit, it explodes to become a bright supernova.

Pyrometer is a device which is used for measuring temperatures of very high order of any object.

Mercury thermometers- can be used to determine body, liquid, and vapor temperature.
Gas thermometers- Such thermometer is used in metrological works

Electromagnetic energy from the sun comes to Earth in the form of radiation. The term “radiation” simply denotes the fact that the energy travels as rays, that is, in straight lines. In general, the terms “solar energy” and “solar radiation” simply refer to energy from the sun.

Minamata disease, sometimes referred to as Chisso-Minamata disease, is a neurological syndrome caused by severe mercury poisoning. Symptoms include ataxia, numbness in the hands and feet, general muscle weakness, narrowing of the field of vision and damage to hearing and speech.

When making photographic film, silver nitrate is treated with halide salts of sodium or potassium to form insoluble silver halide in situ in photographic gelatin, which is then applied to strips of tri-acetate or polyester.
Pure silver nitrate is an intermediate in the preparation of other silver salts, including the colloidal silver compounds used in medicine and the silver halides incorporated into photographic emulsions

Two are of commercial significance, phosphorus pentasulfide (P4S10), which is made on a kiloton scale for the production of other organosulfur compounds, and phosphorus sesquisulfide (P4S3), used in the production of “strike anywhere matches”.
PHOSPHORUS TRISULFIDE is a reducing agent. Produce acidic and corrosive phosphorus pentaoxide and sulfur dioxide when burned. Produces phosphoric acid and hydrogen sulfide, a toxic flammable gas with water.

Zymase is an enzyme complex that catalyzes the fermentation of sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide.
It occurs naturally in yeasts.
Zymase activity varies among yeast strains.
Zymase is also the brand name of the drug pancrelipase.

Charcoal is mainly carbon and interacts with oxygen the end result is mainly CO2 ,carbon dioxide. Unfortunately, if you burn charcoal in an oxygen deficient atmosphere you can get some CO, carbon monoxide, as well. This odorless gas is very poisonous.
Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Methane is flammable, and is used as a fuel worldwide. It is a principal component of natural gas.

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