The skeletal system provides body support, protects internal organs and works with muscles to produce movement. Joints connect bones and allow different types of movement. Together with tendons, ligaments and cartilage, they form the machinery that every exercise depends on.
Functions of the skeletal system
- Support: the skeleton gives the body its shape and framework.
- Protection: bones such as the skull and rib cage protect internal organs.
- Movement: bones act as levers that muscles pull to create motion.
Joints: where movement happens
Joints connect bones and allow different types of movement. Some joints, such as the shoulder and hip, allow movement in many directions. Others, such as the knee, mainly allow bending and straightening. Choosing exercises that respect a joint’s natural movement helps keep training comfortable and safe.
Tendons
Tendons connect muscles to bones. When a muscle contracts, the tendon transmits the pull to the bone and the joint moves. Because tendons are under repeated stress during exercise, gradual progression gives them time to adapt.
Ligaments
Ligaments connect bones to other bones. They help stabilise joints and limit movements that go too far. Sudden twisting or uncontrolled movements can overstress ligaments, which is why control and technique matter.
Cartilage
Cartilage helps cushion joints and reduce friction. It allows the ends of bones to move smoothly against each other. Training with good technique and sensible loads helps avoid unnecessary stress on joints.
A simple memory aid
- Tendon: muscle to bone.
- Ligament: bone to bone.
- Cartilage: cushion.
