Cochin Shipyard Executive Trainee Coaching

Basics of electrical engineering – single-phase and three phase circuits Kirchoff's voltage and Kirchoff's current law. Nodal analysis, mesh current analysis, Transient response of ac and dc networks, Sinusoidal steady state analysis, Resonance, passive filters, ideal current and voltage sources, Thevinins Theorem, Nortons theorem, Superposition theorem, maximum power transfer theorem, 2 port networks, three-phase circuits, power and power factor in ac circuits.

Electromagnetic field theory

Coulombs law, electric field intensity, electric flux density, Gauss law, divergence, electric field due to potential, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, effect of dielectric medium, capacitance of simple configurations, bio savart’ slaw, amperes law, curl, Fardays laws, Lawrence force, inductance, magneto motive force, reluctance, magnetic circuits, self and mutual inductance of simple configurations.

Electrical Machines

Single phase transformer – equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers – connections, parallel operation; autotransformer; energy conversion principles; DC machines – types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors; three phase induction motors – principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control; single phase induction motors; synchronous machines – performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and stepper motors.

Power Systems

Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance; cable performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribution systems; per-unit quantities;bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control; power factor correction; economic operation;symmetrical components; fault analysis; principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission and FACTS concepts.

Control Systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors, Routh and Nyquistbtechniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lagcompensation; statespace model; state transition matrix,controllability and observability.

Electrical and Electronic Measurements

Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters, phase, time and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis. Types of Earthing, Methods of measurements of earth resistance and insulation resistance, testing of electrical installations (house wiring and industrial wiring)-fuses- Types and characteristics, materials used Electric Tractions- Speedtime curves- Illumination – Measurement of luminous Intensity- Integrating spheres.

Analog and Integrated Circuits

Small Signal Equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Simple diode circuits, clipping, clamping, rectifier. Amplifiers: single-and multi-stage, differential amplifiers, OPAMP applications, bandwidth and performance of amplifiers. Sinusoidal oscillators; criterion for oscillation;single-transistor and op-amp configurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers, PLL principles and applications.

Digital circuits

Truth table, minimization of Boolean functions, realization of truth table - Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs, implementations using universal gates, Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, state machine representation, counters and shift registers, Sample and hold circuits, ADCs, DACs, Semiconductor memories – FPGA

Communication Systems

Analog communication systems: amplitude and frequency modulation and demodulation systems- spectral analysis of these operations, super heterodyne receivers; realizations of analog communication systems; signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)calculations for amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM). Fundamentals of information theory - Digital communication systems: pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM), digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK) - Basics of TDMA, FDMA - Maxwell'sequations: differential and integral forms, Wave equation, Poynting vector- Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance transformation, Basics of Antennas: Dipole antennas; radiation pattern; antenna parameters.

Power Electronics

Characteristics and principle of operation of Diac, Triac, Power MOSFET, SCR, IGBT – Rectifiers and filters: half bridge and full bridge rectifiers with RC filters- Voltage Regulators, voltage and current protection- DC to DC Converters: Buck and BoostConverters, half bridge and full bridge converters- Inverters, Pulse width modulation techniques, SMPS, principles of DC and AC motor control.

Electric Circuits

Kirchoff’s laws - maximum power transfer theorem. Star/deltatransformation. Energy stored in a capacitor and inductor.Analysis of coupled circuits – dot polarity convention – sinusoidal steady state analysis of coupled circuits.Generation of alternating voltages and currents – rms value, average value, peak factor, form factor. AC through series R, L,C circuit – series resonance- resonant power – bandwidth.Resonance in parallel circuits.Magnetic Circuits Absolute and relative permeability of a medium - Magnetic field strength- magnetic potential.Relation between magnetism and electricity – Series and parallel magnetic circuits with composite materials. Faraday’slaws of electromagnetic induction Lenz’s law – statically and dynamically induced emf.

Electrical Machines

DC Generators- Constructional details, working principle –types of dc generators - emf equation – power stages –condition for maximum efficiency. DC motor – armature control and field control. Single phase transformer – working principle, equivalent circuit, losses in a transformer, condition for maximum efficiency. Three phase transformer –construction- difference between power transformer and distribution transformer. Alternators- constructional details –Synchronous motor – starting methods – synchronouscondenser. Three phase induction motor – working principle,constructional details – slip, torque and current equations –torque- speed curve. Special Electrical Machines: Types and applications.

Digital Electronics

Number Systems and Codes: Binary, Octal and hexadecimal conversions- ASCII code, Excess -3 code, Gray code.Combinational circuits - Adders - Full adder and half adder.Multiplexers- Demultiplexers. Flipflops – registers – counters.Digital – to - Analogue and Analogue-to-Digital conversion.Microprocessors - Internal architecture of 8085microprocessor– Functional block diagram Instruction set -Addressing modes - Classification of instructions - Status flags. Machine cycles and T states – Fetch and execute cycles-Timing diagram.

Power Systems

Line parameters -resistance- inductance and capacitance.Insulators – string efficiency - corona. Circuit breakers: rating, types. CTs – PTs - Relays – types. Per unit quantities-symmetrical components – symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault. Power system stability - steady state, dynamic and transient stability-power angle curve – Load Flow analysis &ndash ;Gauss Seidel, Newton Raphson, Fast decoupled load flow.

Control Systems

Transfer function of LTI systems - block diagram reduction -Signal flow graph - Mason's gain formula - Type and Order of the systems- Characteristic equation Time domain specifications of transient and steady state responses-Impulse and Step responses of first order and second order systems. Static error coefficients of type 0,1,2 systems. Routh's stability criterion. Frequency domain specifications.Polar plot and Bode plot - concepts of gain margin and phase margin-stability analysis.

Power Electronics and OperationalAmplifiers

SCR- Structure, Static characteristics. Fully controlled and half controlled bridge rectifier with R, RL and RLE loads. Voltage Source Inverters– 1-phase half-bridge & full bridge inverter with R and RL loads – Three phase inverter - Pulse width modulation. Single quadrant, Two quadrant and Four quadrant chopper. Operational Amplifiers - fundamental differential amplifier- Modes of operation. Properties of idealand practical Op-amp - gain, CMRR and slew rate.

Measurements and Instrumentation

Measurement standards – errors - Types of Errors.Classification of instruments, secondary instruments–indicating, integrating and recording. Ammeters andvoltmeters – moving coil, moving iron. Measurement of power:Dynamometer type wattmeter –Construction and working –Three phase power measurement – single wattmeter and two wattmeter methods. Measurement of energy - Single phase energy meter – construction and working. Digital Energymeters -Time of Day(TOD) meters. Oscilloscopes- principle of operation of general purpose CRO-basics of vertical and horizontal deflection system.

Signals and Systems

Classification of signals - Elementary signals- Basic operations on continuous time and discrete time signals.Concept of systems - Classification of systems- Properties of systems - Time invariance- Linearity -Causality – Memory -Stability. Sampling process - Impulse train sampling -sampling theorem- Aliasing effect. Zero order and First order hold circuits.

Transducers, Batteries, Electricalwiring

General classification- LVDT- angular displacement transducers- hall effect transducers. Batteries – Primarycells– secondary cells- battery ratings- grouping of cells. Wiring – systems of wiring- rules for domestic wiring. Earthing- types of earthing - rules for earthing. Illumination –Laws of illumination. Electric lamps – different types.

MECHANICS OF SOLIDS

Stress and strain, stress-strain diagrams, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio, Hooke’s law, principal planes and principle stress,Mohr’s circle, calculation of stress, strain and change in length in axially loaded members, thermal stress and thermal strain, torsional deformation of circular shafts, power transmitted by shafts, shear force and bending moment diagrams for beams, bending and shear stresses, normal and shear stress in beams, shear stress formula for beams, deflection of beams, strain energy methods, buckling and stability. Euler&rsquo's theory of columns, critical load, equivalent length, slenderness ratio. Rankine&rsquo's formula for short columns.

THERMODYNAMICS

Thermodynamic systems and processes, properties of pure substances, behavior of ideal and real gasses, heat and work, zeroth law of thermodynamics, temperature scales, first and second Laws of thermodynamics, reversible processes, entropy, Clausius inequality, entropy changes in various thermodynamic processes, the principle of increase of entropy, available and unavailable energy, availability function, availability and irreversibility, third Law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic relations, Helmholtz and Gibb's functions, Maxwell's relations, equations for internal energy, enthalpy and entropy, Clapeyronequation, throttling process, Joule Thomson coefficient, inversion curve, gas mixtures, the composition of a gas mixture, mass and mole fraction, Dalton's law, Gibbs – Dalton's Law, equivalent molecular weight and gas constant, properties of gas mixtures – specific heats, internal energy, enthalpy and entropy. Air Standard Cycles, air standard efficiency of Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle and dual combustion cycle. Weight and gas constant, properties of gas mixtures – specific heats, internal energy, enthalpy and entropy. Air StandardCycles, air standard efficiency of Carnot cycle, Otto cycle, Diesel cycle and dual combustion cycle.s, Flow through pipes, Boundary layer, Drag and Lift on immersed bodies.Hydraulic machines- flow through vanes(moving and stationary) Impulse and reaction Turbines , Centrifugal Pumps, Open channel flow, Uniform flow, hydraulic jump, Gradually varied flow, Dimensional analysis and model testing. Hydrologic cycle, Precipitation, Infiltration and Evaporation-measurement and data analysis. Runoff-components and computation, Hydrograph, Unit Hydrograph and S-Hydrograph. Irrigation types and methods-Soil waterplant relationships, Frequency of irrigation, Computation of crop water requirement. Stream flow measurement -Stage-discharge curve. Meandering of rivers, river training works.

FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINES

Fluid properties, types of fluid, fluid pressure and its measurement, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies, energies in flowing fluid, dynamic, static and total head, continuity equation, Euler's equation, Bernoulli’sequation, flow rate measurements - venturi and orifice meters, notches and weirs, pitot tube, Reynolds number, laminar and turbulent flow, Hagen-Poiseuille equation, turbulent flow through pipes, head loss due to friction, Darcy -weisbach equation, Chezy’s formula, losses at entry and exit, sudden expansion and sudden contraction, boundary layer, drag and lift on immersed bodies.

Impact of free jets - stationary and moving vanes, flat and curved vanes, series of vanes, work done and efficiency, impulse and reaction turbines – Pelton wheel, Francis turbine and Kaplan turbine, work done and efficiencies, draft tubes, cavitation, governing and specific speed of turbines.Reciprocating pump – air vessels, cavitation, slip, indicator diagram, work required and efficiency. Centrifugal pump -manometric head, efficiency and losses, priming, specific speed, performance characteristics.

METALLURGY AND MATERIAL SCIENCE

Classification and properties of engineering materials, metallic bonds, crystal structure, space lattice, types of unit cells, Miller indices, coordination number, atomic packing factor, allotropy and polymorphism, imperfections in crystals.elastic and plastic deformation of metals, slip, twinning, dislocation, critical shear stress, Frank-Read source, strain hardening, Delamination theory, diffusion mechanism, Fick’s Laws, theory of alloys, Gibbs Phase rule, solid solutions, HumeRothery’s rule, equilibrium diagrams, equilibrium diagram ofbinary alloys, eutectic, eutectoid, peritectic and peritectoid reactions. iron-carbon equilibrium diagram, isothermal TTTdiagrams, critical cooling rate, heat treatment processes, hardenability tests, surface treatments, case hardening, carburising, nitriding, cyaniding, induction hardening, precipitation hardening, recovery, recrystallization and grain growth. Properties, composition and uses of various types of cast iron and steels, the effect of various alloying elements.Properties, composition and uses of copper, aluminium, titanium and its alloys.

THERMAL ENGINEERING

Steam engineering - Rankine cycle, boilers, boiler mountings, boiler accessories, steam engine, steam nozzles, steam turbines, multistage turbines. IC engines - classification, air supply system, fuel supply system, ignition system, performance testing, combustion in SI and CI engines, auto ignition, pre-ignition, detonation, octane and cetane numbers, anti-knocking agents. Gas turbines- classification, regeneration, intercooler, reheating, efficiency and work output. Compressors - classification of compressors, use of compressors, reciprocating compressor - single stage compressor, equations for work, efficiencies, multistage compressor, intercooler, rotary compressors, fans and blowers. Refrigeration - the concept of COP, heat pump, reversed Carnot cycle, refrigeration systems. Properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes, airconditioning systems. Heat transfer – conduction, convection and radiation, Fourier’s law, thermal conductivity, conduction through plane wall and composite wall, black body concept, Stefan-Boltzman law, gray body concept, Newton Rikhmanequation, free and forced convection. Heat exchangers – classification, concept of overall heat transfer coefficient, LMTD. Power plants - hydro electric, thermal, diesel and nuclear power plants.

THEORY OF MACHINES AND DESIGN OFMACHINE ELEMENTS

Definitions and basic concepts, kinematic and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms. Belt, rope and chain drives, ratio of belt tensions, power transmitted. Friction clutches -plate clutches, conical clutches. Brakes and Dynamometers -types of brakes, absorption and transmission type dynamometers. Gears - types of gears, terminology, law of gearing, gear tooth profiles, interference and under cutting, calculation of minimum number of teeth, contact ratio, path of contact, arc of contact, gear trains, flywheels, governors, gyroscope, balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses.Free and forced vibrations of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping, vibration isolation and transmissibility, resonance, critical speeds and whirling of shafts.

Design for static and dynamic loading, failure theories, fatigue strength and S-N diagram, principles of design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints, design of shafts, spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches.

PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Casting - types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores, solidification and cooling, riser and gating design, casting defects. Principles of welding, brazing and soldering, types of welding, weld defects. Plastic deformation and yield criteria, fundamentals of hot and cold working processes -rolling, forging, extrusion, wire drawing, rotary piercing, rotary swaging, metal spinning. Machining and machine tool operations - mechanics of machining, single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear, economics of machining. Basic machine tools -lathe, shaper, milling machine, drilling machine, boring machine, grinding machine, principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures, turret and capstan lathes, NC/CNC machines and CNC programming. Unconventional machining processes – EDM, ECG, ECM, LBM, USM, AJM, EBM and chemical machining.Principles of powder metallurgy.

Metrology and Inspection - Limits, fits and tolerances, linear and angular measurements, Comparators, interferometry, form and finish measurement, alignment and testing methods, tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly, concepts of coordinate measuring machine (CMM).ComputerIntegrated Manufacturing - Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools, additive manufacturing.

INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

Meaning of management, Taylor’s scientific management,functions of management, organisational structure, authority, responsibility and span of control, line, line and staff, functional, project and matrix organizations. Formation of companies- proprietary, partnership and joint stock companies, private limited, public limited companies, cooperative organizations and government organizations. Facilities planning - selection of site, factors to be considered, plant layout - process, product, fixed, group technology layouts, principles of material handling, types of material handling equipments, preventive and break-downmaintenance, replacement of equipments. Work study -analysis of work methods using different types of process chart and flow diagrams, critical examination, micromotion study and therbligs, SIMO chart, principles of motion economy, determination of allowances and standard time, job evaluation and merit rating, wage payment plans.

Production planning and control - importance of planning, forecasting techniques, job, batch and mass production, determination of economic lot size in batch production, functions of production control, routing, scheduling, dispatching and follow up, Gantt charts, inventory models, determination of EOQ and reorder level, selective inventory control techniques, breakeven analysis.

Quality control and inspection - process capability, statistical quality control, control charts for variables and attributes, acceptance sampling and operating characteristic curves, system reliability, life testing, bath tub curve.

Personal management- objectives and function, recruitment, selection, orientation and training of workers, industrial safety and health, labor welfare, Industrial psychology, labour legislation. Linear programming – graphical and simplex solution methods, transportation and assignment problems, game theory, simple queuing models, CPM and PERT.