Junior Cooperative Inspector Exam Coaching

1. Cooperation and other economic systems- Capitalism, socialism and communism-
cooperatives and other forms of business organizations- distinctive features of
cooperative organization vis-à-vis-, partnership and joint stack companies- a cooperative
as an institution and as an enterprise- cooperative common wealth.

2. Evolution and development of cooperative principles- principles of cooperation-
Rochdale pioneers (I stage)- reformulated principles by ICA (II stage)- Karve Committee
on Cooperative Principles(III stage)- Principles of ICA in 1995( IV stage)- distinction
between Cooperative values and cooperative principles.

3. Types of Cooperatives in India and in Kerala
(i) Short term and medium term cooperative credit structure- primary agricultural credit
societies- urban cooperative Banks and state cooperative Banks,

(ii) Long term credit
structure-PCARDBs and SCRABDs

(iii) General Purpose and special purpose

agricultural marketing societies- primary marketing societies and their federations
including NAFED, rubber marketing societies and their federations, dairy cooperative
societies and their federations, fishery cooperatives and their federations

(iv) processing
cooperatives-need and importance

(v)Housing cooperatives and their federations

(vi)Consumer cooperatives and their federations

(vii) Industrial cooperatives and their federations- handlooms and power looms, coir, handicrafts

(viii) Workers cooperatives –significance of workers cooperatives in Kerala

4. Management and working of major cooperative organizations and institutions in aid of cooperatives-NAFED,IFFCO,KRIBCO,NABARD,NDDB,NCDC, and National Housing Bank and other national organizations providing assistance to housingcooperatives.

5. Cooperative audit- Definition-objectives-scope-advantage-difference between audit of cooperative societies and joint stock companies- special features of cooperative audit- administrative set up for cooperative audit-types of audit-mechanical audit-preparations for audit and framing of audit programme-staged of practical audit- mechanical audit, administrative audit,preparation of final statement- reconciliation of bank accounts- cooperative auditor- duties, powers and liabilities- audit report- audit certificate- audit
classification- assessment and levy of audit fees.

6. Issues in cooperative management- Managing the social process in a cooperative, competition, conflict and cooperation. Associative character of a cooperative and managing a cooperative association. Issues in organizing a cooperative - size of the organization- small area vs large area, single purpose vs multipurpose cooperatives- multipurpose vs multifunctional cooperatives- unitary vs federal cooperatives- designer vs greenhouse cooperatives- issues in financing a cooperative- evaluating a cooperative organization- member dimension, enterprise dimension and ethical dimension.

7 Settlement of disputes- arbitration and awards- provisions and procedures- execution and enforcement of awards- provisions and procedures, appeals, review and revision- meaning and distinction- authority of appeals- cooperative tribunal- constitution and powers- offences and penalties- provisions and procedures.

8. Sources of funds- State aid to cooperatives-share capital contribution- principal state partnership fund- subsidiary state partnership fund- grants- subsidies- owned funds- borrowed funds.

9. Cooperative Legislation in India and in Kerala- Evolution of cooperative legislation in India-the 1904 Act, the Act of 1912, transfer of cooperation as provincial subject, National development Council Resolution 1956, the Model Cooperative Societies Bill 1957, the Model Cooperative Societies Bill 1991 by Planning Commission- Trend towards parallel Cooperative Laws- Andhra Pradesh Mutually Aided Cooperative Societies Act 1995, Multi State Cooperative Societies Act 1984 and its replacement in 2002.Evolutions of Cooperative legislation in Kerala and enactment of Kerala Cooperative Societies Act 1969.

1. Commercial Banking: Origin of the word ‘Bank’. Commercial banking system: Unit banking, branch banking, correspondent banking, group banking/ holding company bankingchain banking, mixed banking. Functions of a commercial bank: Primary functions - Accepting of deposits – different types of deposits – savings deposits, current deposits, fixed deposits, recurring deposits, Basic Savings Bank Deposit Account (BSBDA), Current Account Savings Account (CASA), certificate of deposits; Lending of funds – different methods – direct loans, cash credit, overdraft, discounting of billsAncillary Services / Subsidiary Functions: Agency services, general utility services. Principles of commercial banking/ Principles of lending. Credit creation by commercialbanks: primary deposits and derived deposits, technique of credit creation, credit contraction, limitations of credit creation.

2. Central Banking: Definition of a central bank, origin of Reserve Bank of India, nationalisation of RBI, functions of RBI – issue of currency, principles and systems of note – issue, RBI as currency authority; RBI as banker, agent, advisor and debt manager to Government, RBI’s financial assistance to Central and State Governments – ways and means advances, overdraft; central bank as bankers’ bank -regulation and supervision of banks by RBI; Reserve Bank as custodian of foreign exchange reserves of the country; developmental role of RBI; Instruments of Monetary Policy : Quantitative techniques of credit control – Bank Rate Policy, operation and limitations of Bank Rate Policy, Open Market Operations (OMO) – objectives, method of operation by RBI, limitations of OMO, Variable Reserve Requirement – Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR); Qualitative methods of creditcontrol- regulation of consumercredit, variation of margin requirements, moral suasion, rationing of credit.

3. Indian Commercial Banking- Pre- Liberalisation period:Formation of Imperial Bank of India, Origin of State Bank of India and its associates, merging of associate banks with SBI.Social Control over banks – circumstances leading to social control, aims and objectives of National Credit Council. Nationalisation of commercial banks. Lead Bank Scheme: Objectives, functions of Lead Bank, District Credit Plan. Concept of Service Area Approach. Differential Rate of Interest Scheme – features of the scheme. RegionalRural Banks – objectives, capital structure and management, problems and progress of RRBs, merging of RRBs.

4. Indian Commercial Banking – Post Liberalisation: Post liberalisation banking in India – major recommendations of the Narasimham Committee on Financial System, NarasimhamCommittee on Banking Sector Reforms. Entry of new generation banks. Mergers and acquisitions in banking sector. Local Area Banks: Features. Differentiated banks: Payment Banks and Small Finance Banks – permitted business. Financial Inclusion: Concept, RBI and NABARD initiatives for financial inclusion.

5. Banking Legislation in India: Banking Regulation Act, 1949 with latest amendments – objectives, definition of banking, banking company, approved securities, Demand and Time Liabilities (DTL), permitted and prohibited business of a banking company, regulation of voting rights of shareholders, restriction as to payment of dividend, reserve
fund, licensing of banking companies, power of inspection, audit of bank accounts, acquisition of banking companies, amalgamation of banking companies, winding up of a banking company.

6. Practices of Banking: Banker and Customer – general and special relationship between a banker and customer, obligations of banker – honouring of cheques, maintaining secrecy of customers’ accounts, garnishee order, consequences of wrongful dishonor of cheques, stop payment of cheques; rights of a banker- right of general lien, right of set off, banker’s right of appropriation (Clayton’s rule). Banking Ombudsman – objectives, nature of complaints dealt by Ombudsman. Types of customers – operation and closing of different types of bank accounts, special types of bank customers, Accounts of Non Resident Indians; Joint accounts, accounts of partnership firms, joint stock companies, clubs and associations.

7. Law relating to Negotiable Instruments: Characteristics of negotiability, types and features of negotiable instruments – bill of exchange, promissory notes and cheques. Bank drafts, pay orders. Endorsement of negotiable instruments – legal significance, kinds of endorsements. Crossing of cheques – significance of crossing, types of crossing, marking of cheques. Collecting banker – legal status, statutory protection, duties. Paying Banker – dishonour of cheques, statutory protection, payment in due course, holder and holder in due course. Modes of charging securities – lien, pledge, hypothecation, mortgage – kinds of mortgage; Guarantee and indemnity – rights and duties of guarantor.

8. Agriculture and Micro Finance by banks: Types of agricultural credit – short term, medium term, long term, crop loans; Kisan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme – Objectives/
purpose, eligibility, features. Lending to priority sectors – categories, targets and sub targets. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) – financial, developmental and supervisory role. Micro finance – concept and significance, Linking of Self Help Groups (SHG) and banks.

9. Technological Advances in Banking : Payment and Settlement System of RBI - Concepts of electronic banking, Electronic Clearing Services (ECS), Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS), National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT), Immediate Payment Service (IMPS), Indian Financial System Code (IFSC), Automated Teller Machine (ATM) card, debit card,credit card, RuPay card, internet banking, mobile banking, digital banking, digital signature, digital certificate, digital wallet, Cash Deposit Machine (CDM), Cheque Truncation System (CTS), cashless payment system, cashless economy; International Payment System - Society for Worldwide Interbank FinancialTelecommunication (SWIFT).

10.Recent Trends in Indian Banking: Credit Rating of banks: CAMELS Rating. Capital Adequacy Ratio – Tier I & Tier II capital, Risk Weighted Assets, Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio (CRAR). Non-Performing Assets (NPA) of banks – Classification of Standard, Substandard, doubtful and loss assets, provisioning for NPAs. Concepts of Securitisation, Reconstruction and Security Interest Enforcement under SARFAESI Act, 2002. Pradhan Mantri Social Security Schemes implemented through banks - Rules for Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY), Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)’ Atal
Pension Yojana (APY).