Table of Contents
The human body is everything that makes up you. What regulates and decides the physical form and function of the human body is our genetic information, however, external environments and behaviours can change the way our body’s look and how well they operate, according to Human Growth and Developments.
The human body is made up of all the living and nonliving element that make the whole structure of the human organism, including every living cell, tissue and organ.
On the outside human anatomy comprises of the five basic parts, the head, neck, torso, arms and legs. Anyhow, under the skin there are numerous biological and chemical interactions that keep the human body machine ticking over.
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WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT SYSTEMS IN THE HUMAN BODY?
Our body consist of a number of biological systems that carry out particular functions required for everyday living.
Circulatory system
The work of the circulatory system is to pass blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones, all over the body. It consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels, arteries and veins. According to the Cleveland Clinic, the human body’s network of blood vessels, veins and capillaries is around 60,00 miles (around 96,560 kilometres) long.
Digestive system
The digestive system consists of a sequence of connected organs that together let the body to break down and absorb food, and remove waste. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas also act a role in the digestive system because they create digestive juices filled with enzymes to break down the elements of your food, such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system comprises of a network of glands that release hormones into the blood. These hormones, in turn, move to different tissues and control different bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth and sexual function, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine. For example, one of the glands in the pancreas – called the endocrine gland – secretes hormones called insulin and glucagon to control blood sugar.
Immune system
The immune system is the body’s defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens that may be dangerous. The immune system is triggered when antigens (proteins on the surface of bacteria, fungi and viruses) bind with receptors on immune cells, alerting the body to their presence and kicking the immune system into gear, according to Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). The system is made up of I lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes (including B-cells and T-cells), the thymus and leukocytes, which are white blood cells.
Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system consists of lymph nodes, lymph ducts and lymph vessels, and also plays a role in the body’s defenses. Its major task is to make and move lymph, a clear fluid that have white blood cells, which help the body fight infection, according to the Cleveland Clinic. The lymphatic system also discards surplus lymph fluid from bodily tissues, and returns it to the blood.
Nervous system
The nervous system regulates both voluntary action (like conscious movement) and involuntary actions (like breathing), and sends signals to various parts of the body. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system includes nerves that connect every other part of the body to the central nervous system, according to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
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Muscular system
The body’s muscular system comprises of about 650 muscles that help in movement, blood flow and other bodily functions, according to the Library of Congress. There are three types of muscle: skeletal muscle which is connected to bone and aids with voluntary movement, smooth muscle which is seen inside organs and helps to move substances through organs, and cardiac muscle which is present in the heart and aids pump blood.
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Reproductive system
The reproductive system lets humans to reproduce. The male reproductive system consists of the penis and the testes, which produce sperm. The female reproductive system comprises of the vagina, the uterus and the ovaries, which produce eggs. During conception, a sperm cell combines with an egg cell, which produces a fertilized egg that implants and grows in the uterus.
The Skeletal system
Our bodies are held up by the skeletal system, which comprises between 206 and 213 bones in an adult human body, which are all connected by tendons, ligaments and cartilage, according to the journal StatPearls. As infants, humans have 270 bones, before some combine together during growth. The skeleton not only aids us to move, but it’s also involved in the production of blood cells and the storage of calcium. The teeth are also part of the skeletal system, but they aren’t regarded as bones.
The Respiratory system
The respiratory system lets us to take in important oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide in a process which is called breathing. It contains mainly of the trachea, the diaphragm and the lungs.
The Urinary system
The urinary system aids in the removal of waste product called urea from the body, which is created when certain foods are broken down. The whole system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, two sphincter muscles and the urethra. Urine produced by the kidneys moves down the ureters to the bladder, and goes out the body through the urethra.
The Skin or Integumentary system
The skin, or integumentary system, is the body’s largest organ. It saves us from the outside world, and is our first defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. Our skin also aids in controlling body temperature and removal of waste through perspiration. In addition to skin, the integumentary system consists of hair and nails.
Fast Facts about Human Body
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- The human body have almost 37.2 trillion cells.
- It’s supposed that the microbial biome of our bodies, consisting of bacteria and fungi is almost 39 trillion cells.
- The average adult breathes around 22,000 times per day.
- Each day, the kidneys functions about 200 quarts (50 gallons) of blood to filter out about 2 quarts of waste and water.
- Adults eliminates about a quarter and a half (1.42 liters) of urine each day.
- The human brain consists of about 100 billion nerve cells.
- Water makes up more than 50 percent of the average adult’s body weight.
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WHAT ARE VESTIGIAL ORGANS?
Over the journey of human evolution, some organs and anatomical structures have lost their function, for example, the coccyx or tailbone. It was Charles Darwin that first proposed that humans came down from primates with tails, noting the tiny set of vertebrae we all share adjacent to the pelvis – called the coccyx – is what left over of our ancestral tail, according to the New York Times.
Another well noted example of a apparently functionless organ is the appendix. The appendix is a narrow pouch attached to the lower abdominal cavity of the human body. It’s mostly considered to be useless in the function of the human body, however, in 2017 research conducted by Midwestern University suggested that the appendix may serve as a reservoir for several types of beneficial gut bacteria.
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Interesting facts about the Human Body
Here are the list of some interesting facts about the Human Body.
Fact – 1
Every living organism is comprised of the cell. Of which, some are single-celled organisms, which consists of bacteria and some are multicellular as they are comprised of many cells, consisting of humans, plants, animals, and birds.
Facts – 2
Blood, the only fluid connective tissue which acts a major role in the movement of nutrients, respiratory gases, hormones, in supporting and controlling of body temperature, pH, and other thermo-regulation processes. Blood is 6 times thicker than water and each drop of blood contains about 250 million cells.
Facts – 3
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are two primary types of cells. These cells are classified on the basis of the presence and absence of the definite nucleus. The prokaryotic cell was the first cell to be found on Earth, later found the Eukaryotic cells.
Facts – 4
The longest cell in the Human body is the motor neuron, the feminine egg is the largest cell and the smallest cell is the male sperm cell. The longest bone is the thigh bone and the stapes or stirrup present in the middle ear is the smallest bone. The hardest bone is the jawbone. Skin is the largest organ and pineal gland is the smallest organ in our body. The human tongue is the strongest muscle and the external muscles of the eye are the fastest which are mostly involved in regularly moving, blinking and adjusting the positions of the eye.
Facts – 5
An average person inhales 20,000 times a day. The rate of breathing is more in children and women compared to men. The deeper we breathe, the faster becomes the metabolism.
Facts – 6
Our appetite is based on our style of breathing. Slow breaths help in increasing our lifespan. It is always better to breathe through our nose to avoid infections, tonsillitis, sore throats, and other disorders.
Facts – 7
Yawning helps us to breathe more oxygen into our lungs. We usually yawn as our brain sends a message to our sensory system when it senses the shortage of oxygen.
Facts – 8
In a day, blood travels about the distance of 19,312 kilometres in total and our heart pumps around 1.5 million barrels of blood in our lifetime, which can fill 200 train fuel tank.
Facts – 9
Like our fingerprints, every human has a unique tongue print. A human tongue can produce enough saliva, which can fill two swimming pool and it is regarded as the strongest muscle in our body.
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Facts – 10
Both the circulatory system and respiratory system are involved in carrying blood and the oxygen gas all over the body. The human heart beats 100,000 times per day and 30 million times a year.
Facts – 11
The human ears can hear sound in the frequency of 2,000 to 60,000 hertz and can differentiate between hundreds of thousands of different sounds.
Facts – 12
Cornea, the transparent front part of the eye is the only part with no blood supply and it gets oxygen directly from the air.
Facts – 13
A human circulatory system consists of more than one hundred thousand miles of blood vessels. The largest blood vessel is the aorta. On an average, there are 100,000 miles of blood vessels in an adult human body.
Facts – 14
The fingernails grow faster than toenails and the nail on the middle finger grows faster than the other fingernails. The middle fingernail grows faster than the other fingernails.
Facts – 15
We cannot breathe and swallow at the same time. But the new-born babies can breathe and swallow both at the same time for up to their 7 to 8 months.
Facts – 16
Human eyes and ears never stop growing because they are majorly comprised of cartilage cells, which keeps on multiplying along with the age. Human teeth are just as strong as shark’s teeth and about 99% of the total calcium content in the body is found in the teeth.
Facts – 17
The size of our nose and ears keep on growing along with our age, but the size of our eyes remains the same from birth. The size our nose is equal to the size of our thumb finger and our ears grow a quarter of a mm per year.
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Facts – 18
Lungs are the important part of the human respiratory system and the only organ in the human body that can float on water. According to the studies, a human nose can sense and differentiate between one trillion different types of smell or the odours.
Facts – 19
The total number of bacteria in our mouth is equal to the total number of people living on the planet Earth. These bacteria do not cause any harm, in turn, they protect us from harmful disease-causing organisms.
Facts – 20
The complete lifespan of a single hair follicle is about 3 to 7 years. The dark colour of a hair helps in finding the dense and a total number of hair follicles in our head.
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