The Banks play an important role in the economy of our country like any other country as most of the transactions takes place through the banks. The Reserve Bank of India is India’s central banking institution and the supreme monetary authority. There are 3 types of commercial banks, the Public/ Government bank, the Private sector bank and the foreign sector bank It was not a surprise when the announcement of a series of mergers involving public sector banks by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharam was made on 30th August 2019.
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Government Banks( Public Sector Banks)
These banks in which the government stake is more than 50 % and there is no difference between the Nationalised Bank and Public Sector Bank. Both have the same meaning.
The former 27 Government banks were
- Allahabad Bank
- Andhra Bank
- Bank of Baroda
- Bank of India
- Bank of Maharashtra
- Canara Bank
- Central Bank of India
- Corporation Bank
- Dena Bank
- Indian Bank
- Indian Overseas Bank
- Oriental Bank of Commerce
- Punjab & Sind Bank
- Punjab National Bank
- Syndicate Bank
- UCO Bank
- Union Bank of India
- United Bank of India
- Vijaya Bank
- IDBI Bank((77.79% government stake)
- SBI+and it’s five associate Banks
- Bharatiya Mahila Bank
With the announcement made on 30th August 2019, the number of public sector banks (government banks) has come down from 27 in 2017 to 12.
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Below are the mergers of the public sector banks( Government Banks) as announced
| Banks to be merged | Rank |
| Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank | 2nd largest Public Sector Bank |
| Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank | 4th largest Public sector Bank |
| Union Bank, Andhra Bank and Corporation bank | 5th largest Public Sector Bank |
| Indian Bank and Allahabad Bank | 7th largest Public sector Bank |
The current list of 12 public sector banks( Government Banks)
State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Bank of Baroda, Bank of India, Central Bank of India, Canara Bank, Union Bank of India, Indian Overseas Bank, Punjab and Sind Bank, Indian Bank, UCO Bank and Bank of Maharashtra.
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| Bank Name | Revenues | Established | Headquarters | Information |
| State Bank of India | ₹2,110 billion | 1955 | Mumbai, Maharashtra | Formerly known as Imperial Bank of India, SBI remains till date the largest public sector bank in India. |
| Punjab National Bank
|
₹774.22 billion | 1894 | New Delhi, Delhi | New name of the amalgamated 3(Punjab National Bank, Oriental Bank of Commerce and United Bank). 2nd largest public sector bank in India. |
| Bank of Baroda:
|
₹422 billion | 1908 | Vadodara, Gujarat | Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank merged with Bank of Baroda, creating the third-largest public sector bank by loans in the country. |
| Bank of India | ₹418 billion | 1906 | Mumbai, Maharashtra | BOI is a commercial bank nationalised in July 1969 along with 13 other banks. founded by a group of eminent businessmen from Mumbai, Maharashtra |
| Bank of Maharashtra | ₹130.53 billion | 1935 | Pune Maharashtra | The bank was founded by V. G. Kale and D. K. Sathe and registered It was nationalised in in 1969. |
| Union Bank of India | ₹696.39 billion | 1919 | Mumbai, Maharashtra | The bank has a network of 2,600 fully automated CBS branches, 3,040 ATMs |
| Canara Bank | ₹558.30 billion | 1906 | Bengaluru, Karnataka | Canara Bank is one of the largest nationalised public sector banks
Established at Mangalore by Ammembal Subba Rao Paiand and nationalised in 1969 |
| Central Bank of India | ₹259 billion | 1911 | Mumbai, Maharashtra | Oldest and largest commercial banks |
| Indian Bank | ₹405.74 billion | 1907 | Chennai, Tamilnadu | It has 20,924 employees, 2900 branches with 2861 ATMs and 1014 cash deposit machines and is one of the top performing public sector banks in India |
| Indian Overseas bank | ₹235.2 billion | 1937 | Chennai, Tamilnadu | Thiru.M. Ct. M. Chidambaram Chettyar established the Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) to encourage overseas banking and foreign exchange operations
|
| Punjab and Sind Bank | ₹87.44 billion | 1908 | New Delhi | Of its 1559 branches spread throughout India, 623 branches are in Punjab state. |
| UCO Bank | ₹185.61 billion | 1943 | Kolkata, WB | UCO Bank, formerly United Commercial Bank, established in 1943 in Kolkata, is a major government-owned commercial bank of India. G. D. Birla, an eminent Indian industrialist was the architect of this organisation
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The future of the banks
The landscape of India’s financial sector is changing and the current merger plans hopes to bring in stability . Larger banks will have more stability and strength making the job of the regulators easier. These major reforms in the banking sector are part of the government’s efforts to revive the economy, build a robust banking system, enable the banks to compete globally and increase their operational efficiency by reducing their cost of lending.
