Static GK is an integral part of the general awareness section. Hence we have been regularly providing you free GK Ebook every week to help you with your preparation. Questions related to Indian Constitution –Parts, Fundamental Rights and Schedules are common in the general awareness section of government exams like SSC CGL, SSC CPO, RRB ALP, RRB Group D, UPSC and more. In this blog we will discuss the list of fundamental rights. The List of Fundamental Rights is important for all competitive examination.
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Indian Constitution – List of Fundamental Rights
Part III of the Indian Constitution covers the Fundamental rights of the people of India guaranteed by
the constitution.
Part III has been called as the Magna Carta of India Constitution, Cornerstone of the Constitution by
various scholars.
Part III coupled with part IV (Directive principles of the state policy) has been termed as the
the conscience of the constitution.
Let us have a look at the various fundamental rights in Indian Constitution for SSC CPO syllabus.
Fundamental rights are classified into 6 types
1) Right to Equality (Article 14-18)
Article 14 (Equality before law) – no person will be denied equality or equal protection before
the law. This concept has been taken from the USA constitution. Exceptions to equality before
the law are, the president of India, state governors, public servants, Judges, foreign
diplomats, etc who enjoy special privileges, immunities, and protections.
Article 15 (Prohibition of discrimination) – The State shall not discriminate only on the grounds
of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. A state can make special provisions for Women,
Children, Socially and Educationally backward group if citizens.
Article 16 (Equality of opportunity in public employment) – No person shall be discriminated
against or denied any office or employment under the state on grounds of only religion, race,
caste, sex, descent, place of birth or residence. Exceptions are State can provide reservation
of seats in employment for any backward classes, or appointment of any religious post under
the state for candidates from particular religions.
Article 17 (Abolition of Untouchability )- Article 17 abolishes Untouchability and forbids its practice in any form. Untouchability refers to a social practice that looks down upon certain oppressed classes solely on account of their birth and makes any discrimination against them on this ground.
Article 18 (Abolition of Titles) – State cannot confer any title on any individual (citizen or
foreigner), except military or educational. The Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles
as per this article.
2) Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
• Article 19 (Protection of certain rights) – Citizens shall have the following rights with
reasonable restrictions –
To freedom of speech and expression.
To assemble peacefully and without arms.
To form associations or unions.
To move freely throughout the territory of India.
To practice any profession or to carry on any occupation, trade or business.
• Article 20 (Protection in respect of conviction for offences) – It grants protection against
excessive and arbitrary punishment to an accused person (citizen or foreigner). It has 3
provisions – No ex-post-facto law, No double jeopardy and No self-incrimination.
• Article 21 (Protection of life and personal liberty) – No person (citizen or foreigner) shall be
deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
• Article 21A (Right to Education) – This was added by 86th amendment. As per this article, the
State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of six o fourteen
in such a manner as the State may determine.
• Article 22 (Protection against arrest and detention) – This talks about the rights of the people
when they are detained by the Police.
3) Rights against Exploitation (Article 23-24)
Article 23 (Prohibition of Human Trafficking and Forced labour) – It prohibits Traffic in Human
beings, begar (forced labour) and any other similar forms of forced labour.
Article 24 (Prohibition of Child labour) – It prohibits the employment of Children under the age
of 14 in any factory, mine or other hazardous activity like construction work or railway. But it
does not prohibit their employment in any harmless or innocent work.
4) Right to Freedom of Religion (Article 25-28)
Article 25 (Freedom of Conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion) – It
says that all persons are equally entitled to freedom Conscience and the right to freely
profess, practice and propagate religion.
Article 26 (Freedom to manage religious affairs) – It protects the collective freedom of religion
by giving specific rights to all religious organizations and denominations as defined by the law.
Article 27 (Freedom from taxation for promotion of a religion) – It lays down that no person
shall be compelled to pay any taxes for the promotion or maintenance of any particular
religion or religious denomination.
Article 28 (Freedom from attending religious instruction) – No religious instruction shall be
provided in any educational institution wholly maintained out of state funds.
5) Cultural and Educational Rights (Article 29 – 30)
Article 29 (Protection of Interests of Minorities) – It provides that any section of the citizens
residing in any part of India having a distinct language, script or culture of its own, shall have
the right to conserve the same.
Article 30 (Rights of Minorities to establish and administer Educational Institutes) – It allows
minority groups to establish and administer their religious institution without state
intervention or discrimination.
6) Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)
Article 32 (Right or Constitutional Remedies) – Right to move the Supreme court for the enforcement
of fundamental rights including the writs of (i) habeas corpus, (ii) mandamus, (iii) prohibition,
(iv)certiorari and (v) quo warrento. Dr. Ambedkar had called article 32 as the most important article of
the constitution.
6) Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)
Article 32 (Right or Constitutional Remedies) – Right to move the Supreme court for the enforcement
of fundamental rights including the writs of (i) habeas corpus, (ii) mandamus, (iii) prohibition,
(iv)certiorari and (v) quo warrento. Dr Ambedkar had called article 32 as the most important article of
the constitution.
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