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CTET 2022 Daily Practice Quiz 09: English Language II
1. Read the passage carefully:
Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets (in the order of 0.02mm0.02mm in thickness). As a result of this, the foil is extremely pliable and can be bent or wrapped around objects with ease. Aluminium foil is sometimes also known as al-foil or alu-foil. It is also often called tinfoil, although it is not made from tin, or as silver paper although it is not made from silver. Aluminium foil typically has a highly reflective side and a more matte side. This is a result of common manufacturing processes. As aluminium foil is easy to tear, the foil is sent through machines in pairs. The side where the aluminium foil was in contact with the other sheet is more matte than the exterior side.
Millions of tons of aluminium foil are used throughout the world in the protection and packaging of foods, cosmetics and chemical products. Usually, an extremely thin layer (0.0065mm(0.0065mm or 6.5pm)6.5pm) is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life packs for drinks, dairy products, and many other sensitive foods. The foil acts as a complete barrier to light (which spoils fats), odours, loss of gain of moisture and bacteria. Aluminium foil container and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and give long life to pet foods.
Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in 20 rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several meters in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of taking away or fast food. Mexican restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. It is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture.
As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being microwaved. This is due to the effect of the electric field of the microwaves causing a build-up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires.
The extensive use of aluminium foil has been criticized by some environmentalists because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium, primarily as a result of a large amount of electricity used to decompose bauxite. However, this cost is greatly reduced via recycling and the fact that many foods that would otherwise perish can be protected over long periods without refrigeration. Thanks to the total barrier properties of aluminium foil. Many aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5% of the original.
Aluminium foil is not
(a) hard and dull
(b) used for protection and packaging
(c) pliable
(d) highly reflective
2. Read the passage carefully:
Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets (in the order of 0.02mm0.02mm in thickness). As a result of this, the foil is extremely pliable and can be bent or wrapped around objects with ease. Aluminium foil is sometimes also known as al-foil or alu-foil. It is also often called tinfoil, although it is not made from tin, or as silver paper although it is not made from silver. Aluminium foil typically has a highly reflective side and a more matte side. This is a result of common manufacturing processes. As aluminium foil is easy to tear, the foil is sent through machines in pairs. The side where the aluminium foil was in contact with the other sheet is more matte than the exterior side.
Millions of tons of aluminium foil are used throughout the world in the protection and packaging of foods, cosmetics and chemical products. Usually, an extremely thin layer (0.0065mm(0.0065mm or 6.5pm)6.5pm) is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life packs for drinks, dairy products, and many other sensitive foods. The foil acts as a complete barrier to light (which spoils fats), odours, loss of gain of moisture and bacteria. Aluminium foil container and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and give long life to pet foods.
Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in 20 rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several meters in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of taking away or fast food. Mexican restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. It is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture.
As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being microwaved. This is due to the effect of the electric field of the microwaves causing a build-up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires.
The extensive use of aluminium foil has been criticized by some environmentalists because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium, primarily as a result of a large amount of electricity used to decompose bauxite. However, this cost is greatly reduced via recycling and the fact that many foods that would otherwise perish can be protected over long periods without refrigeration. Thanks to the total barrier properties of aluminium foil. Many aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5% of the original.
Food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill to
(a) to make long life packs
(b) prevent loss of moisture
(c) provide takeaway
(d) barrier odours
3. Read the passage carefully:
Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets (in the order of 0.02mm0.02mm in thickness). As a result of this, the foil is extremely pliable and can be bent or wrapped around objects with ease. Aluminium foil is sometimes also known as al-foil or alu-foil. It is also often called tinfoil, although it is not made from tin, or as silver paper although it is not made from silver. Aluminium foil typically has a highly reflective side and a more matte side. This is a result of common manufacturing processes. As aluminium foil is easy to tear, the foil is sent through machines in pairs. The side where the aluminium foil was in contact with the other sheet is more matte than the exterior side.
Millions of tons of aluminium foil are used throughout the world in the protection and packaging of foods, cosmetics and chemical products. Usually, an extremely thin layer (0.0065mm(0.0065mm or 6.5pm)6.5pm) is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life packs for drinks, dairy products, and many other sensitive foods. The foil acts as a complete barrier to light (which spoils fats), odours, loss of gain of moisture and bacteria. Aluminium foil container and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and give long life to pet foods.
Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in 20 rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several meters in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of taking away or fast food. Mexican restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. It is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture.
As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being microwaved. This is due to the effect of the electric field of the microwaves causing a build-up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires.
The extensive use of aluminium foil has been criticized by some environmentalists because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium, primarily as a result of a large amount of electricity used to decompose bauxite. However, this cost is greatly reduced via recycling and the fact that many foods that would otherwise perish can be protected over long periods without refrigeration. Thanks to the total barrier properties of aluminium foil. Many aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5% of the original.
According to the author the use of aluminium in food services cause
(a) odour in food
(b) bad taste
(c) early expiration of food
(d) kitchen fires
4. Read the passage carefully:
Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets (in the order of 0.02mm0.02mm in thickness). As a result of this, the foil is extremely pliable and can be bent or wrapped around objects with ease. Aluminium foil is sometimes also known as al-foil or alu-foil. It is also often called tinfoil, although it is not made from tin, or as silver paper although it is not made from silver. Aluminium foil typically has a highly reflective side and a more matte side. This is a result of common manufacturing processes. As aluminium foil is easy to tear, the foil is sent through machines in pairs. The side where the aluminium foil was in contact with the other sheet is more matte than the exterior side.
Millions of tons of aluminium foil are used throughout the world in the protection and packaging of foods, cosmetics and chemical products. Usually, an extremely thin layer (0.0065mm(0.0065mm or 6.5pm)6.5pm) is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life packs for drinks, dairy products, and many other sensitive foods. The foil acts as a complete barrier to light (which spoils fats), odours, loss of gain of moisture and bacteria. Aluminium foil container and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and give long life to pet foods.
Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in 20 rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several meters in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of taking away or fast food. Mexican restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. It is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture.
As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being microwaved. This is due to the effect of the electric field of the microwaves causing a build-up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires.
The extensive use of aluminium foil has been criticized by some environmentalists because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium, primarily as a result of a large amount of electricity used to decompose bauxite. However, this cost is greatly reduced via recycling and the fact that many foods that would otherwise perish can be protected over long periods without refrigeration. Thanks to the total barrier properties of aluminium foil. Many aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5% of the original.
Read the following sentences:
- Environmentalists criticise the extensive use of aluminium foil because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium.
- Aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5%of the original.
(a) A is true, BB is false
(b) A is false, B is true
(c) Both AA and BB are true
(d) Both AA and BB are false
5. Read the passage carefully:
Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets (in the order of 0.02mm0.02mm in thickness). As a result of this, the foil is extremely pliable and can be bent or wrapped around objects with ease. Aluminium foil is sometimes also known as al-foil or alu-foil. It is also often called tinfoil, although it is not made from tin, or as silver paper although it is not made from silver. Aluminium foil typically has a highly reflective side and a more matte side. This is a result of common manufacturing processes. As aluminium foil is easy to tear, the foil is sent through machines in pairs. The side where the aluminium foil was in contact with the other sheet is more matte than the exterior side.
Millions of tons of aluminium foil are used throughout the world in the protection and packaging of foods, cosmetics and chemical products. Usually, an extremely thin layer (0.0065mm(0.0065mm or 6.5pm)6.5pm) is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life packs for drinks, dairy products, and many other sensitive foods. The foil acts as a complete barrier to light (which spoils fats), odours, loss of gain of moisture and bacteria. Aluminium foil container and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and give long life to pet foods.
Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in 20 rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several meters in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of taking away or fast food. Mexican restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. It is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture.
As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being microwaved. This is due to the effect of the electric field of the microwaves causing a build-up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires.
The extensive use of aluminium foil has been criticized by some environmentalists because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium, primarily as a result of a large amount of electricity used to decompose bauxite. However, this cost is greatly reduced via recycling and the fact that many foods that would otherwise perish can be protected over long periods without refrigeration. Thanks to the total barrier properties of aluminium foil. Many aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5% of the original.
Which word is most similar in meaning to the word “machine” as used in the passage ? (Para 1)
(a) alloy
(b) fabricate
(c) apparatus
(d) undertaking
6. Read the passage carefully:
Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets (in the order of 0.02mm0.02mm in thickness). As a result of this, the foil is extremely pliable and can be bent or wrapped around objects with ease. Aluminium foil is sometimes also known as al-foil or alu-foil. It is also often called tinfoil, although it is not made from tin, or as silver paper although it is not made from silver. Aluminium foil typically has a highly reflective side and a more matte side. This is a result of common manufacturing processes. As aluminium foil is easy to tear, the foil is sent through machines in pairs. The side where the aluminium foil was in contact with the other sheet is more matte than the exterior side.
Millions of tons of aluminium foil are used throughout the world in the protection and packaging of foods, cosmetics and chemical products. Usually, an extremely thin layer (0.0065mm(0.0065mm or 6.5pm)6.5pm) is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life packs for drinks, dairy products, and many other sensitive foods. The foil acts as a complete barrier to light (which spoils fats), odours, loss of gain of moisture and bacteria. Aluminium foil container and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and give long life to pet foods.
Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in 20 rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several meters in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of taking away or fast food. Mexican restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. It is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture.
As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being microwaved. This is due to the effect of the electric field of the microwaves causing a build-up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires.
The extensive use of aluminium foil has been criticized by some environmentalists because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium, primarily as a result of a large amount of electricity used to decompose bauxite. However, this cost is greatly reduced via recycling and the fact that many foods that would otherwise perish can be protected over long periods without refrigeration. Thanks to the total barrier properties of aluminium foil. Many aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5% of the original.
Which word is the most opposite in meaning to the word, “delicate” as used in the passage? (Para 3)
(a) firm
(b) sensitive
(c) elated
(d) joyous
7. Read the passage carefully:
Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets (in the order of 0.02mm0.02mm in thickness). As a result of this, the foil is extremely pliable and can be bent or wrapped around objects with ease. Aluminium foil is sometimes also known as al-foil or alu-foil. It is also often called tinfoil, although it is not made from tin, or as silver paper although it is not made from silver. Aluminium foil typically has a highly reflective side and a more matte side. This is a result of common manufacturing processes. As aluminium foil is easy to tear, the foil is sent through machines in pairs. The side where the aluminium foil was in contact with the other sheet is more matte than the exterior side.
Millions of tons of aluminium foil are used throughout the world in the protection and packaging of foods, cosmetics and chemical products. Usually, an extremely thin layer (0.0065mm(0.0065mm or 6.5pm)6.5pm) is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life packs for drinks, dairy products, and many other sensitive foods. The foil acts as a complete barrier to light (which spoils fats), odours, loss of gain of moisture and bacteria. Aluminium foil container and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and give long life to pet foods.
Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in 20 rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several meters in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of taking away or fast food. Mexican restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. It is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture.
As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being microwaved. This is due to the effect of the electric field of the microwaves causing a build-up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires.
The extensive use of aluminium foil has been criticized by some environmentalists because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium, primarily as a result of a large amount of electricity used to decompose bauxite. However, this cost is greatly reduced via recycling and the fact that many foods that would otherwise perish can be protected over long periods without refrigeration. Thanks to the total barrier properties of aluminium foil. Many aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5% of the original.
Which part of the following sentence contains an error?
applied (a) for this job (b) with a (c) famous job portal. (d)
(a) a
(b) b
(c) c
(d) d
8. Read the passage carefully:
Aluminium foil is aluminium prepared in thin sheets (in the order of 0.02mm0.02mm in thickness). As a result of this, the foil is extremely pliable and can be bent or wrapped around objects with ease. Aluminium foil is sometimes also known as al-foil or alu-foil. It is also often called tinfoil, although it is not made from tin, or as silver paper although it is not made from silver. Aluminium foil typically has a highly reflective side and a more matte side. This is a result of common manufacturing processes. As aluminium foil is easy to tear, the foil is sent through machines in pairs. The side where the aluminium foil was in contact with the other sheet is more matte than the exterior side.
Millions of tons of aluminium foil are used throughout the world in the protection and packaging of foods, cosmetics and chemical products. Usually, an extremely thin layer (0.0065mm(0.0065mm or 6.5pm)6.5pm) is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life packs for drinks, dairy products, and many other sensitive foods. The foil acts as a complete barrier to light (which spoils fats), odours, loss of gain of moisture and bacteria. Aluminium foil container and trays are used to bake pies and to pack takeaway meals, ready snacks and give long life to pet foods.
Aluminium foil is widely sold into the consumer market, usually in 20 rolls of around 50 centimetres width and several meters in length. It is used for wrapping food in order to preserve it, for example, when storing leftover food in a refrigerator (where it serves the additional purpose of preventing odour exchange), when taking sandwiches on a journey, or when selling some kinds of taking away or fast food. Mexican restaurants in the United States, for example, typically provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil. It is also used for barbecuing more delicate foods such as mushrooms and vegetables; food is wrapped in foil, then placed on the grill, preventing loss of moisture that may result in a less appealing texture.
As is the case with all metallic items, aluminium foil reacts to being microwaved. This is due to the effect of the electric field of the microwaves causing a build-up of charge to form between the sharp points in the aluminium; if enough charge accumulates it will discharge to a different place on the foil, creating a spark (i.e., arcing). Due to frequent use in food services, this commonly leads to kitchen fires.
The extensive use of aluminium foil has been criticized by some environmentalists because of the high resource cost of extracting aluminium, primarily as a result of a large amount of electricity used to decompose bauxite. However, this cost is greatly reduced via recycling and the fact that many foods that would otherwise perish can be protected over long periods without refrigeration. Thanks to the total barrier properties of aluminium foil. Many aluminium foil products can be recycled at around 5%5% of the original.
Which of the following statements is not true?
(a) Tinfoil is made of tin
(b) Aluminium foil keeps food fresh
(c) Mexican restaurants provide takeaway burritos wrapped in aluminium foil
(d) An extremely thin layer of foil is laminated to other materials, plastics and paper, to make long life
9. Read the passage carefully:
A plethora of vaccines is now available for use. The vaccines came years in advance, triggering great hope for mankind. The scientific community, who spearheaded the astonishingly fast race, was driven by human inventiveness that peaked due to global pressure. Apart from this, private capital from myriad sources was poured in to invent a vaccine in a quick time.
Such an astounding success, however, will be considered futile if some parts of the human race don’t get the benefits equitably because of their nationality, color, or wealth. There is no doubt that the socio-economic parameters of nations vary greatly. The richer a nation, the better is its inoculation success. This is why a handful of countries in the western world are reasonably near to full inoculation of their population, whereas in poor countries of Africa and elsewhere, inoculation has made a faltering start. In areas uncovered by inoculation, new variants of the virus will lurk for years, posing the danger of fresh bouts of the pandemic. This logic underscores the need for universal inoculation to be completed in minimal time. But, there are far too many problems along the way. Present manufacturers will fight hard to restrict the availability of their products to their buyers only.
The solution, therefore, lies in People’s Vaccine that would be affordable, accessible, and storable. Adopting such a vaccine universally will eliminate the tendencies towards hoarding, profiteering, blackmailing, and other evils like extortion. The world can then see the end of ‘vaccine discrimination’, which otherwise could bring many evils to mankind. For this to happen, the main difficulty will lie in nullifying the intellectual property rights claims that law courts would find hard to dismiss. But, if this hurdle is crossed, the proliferation of manufacturing centres around multiple geographies will be possible. The distribution of vaccines will then encounter much fewer logistical difficulties.
So, overcoming the challenges of enforcement of patent rights by a handful of large vaccine makers like Moderna, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, and Johnson and Johnson is going to be a real impediment to universal adoption of the People’s Vaccine. The present manufacturers have a head-start in the business and are sure to increase their prices after some time.
An argument often advanced by the vaccine makers is that safeguarding their intellectual rights will help them to ramp up investment and production. This claim may not always hold. Astra Zeneca is already feeling the heat for not being able to produce contracted quantities of the vaccine. Similar problems from other makers can’t be ruled out.
It is worth mentioning here that the U.S. invested nearly 12 billion dollars in its vaccine development effort. Elsewhere, the Astra-Zeneca program was underwritten by public money to the extent of 90%90%. Given these facts, the claim of the vaccine makers for patent rights is immoral as they are illegal.
The collective conscience of the world must weigh on to make vaccine making an unfettered business activity. Only then people can draw the full benefit of the quick breakthroughs in vaccine science.
Which of the following is false?
(a) People’s vaccine will increase the tendencies towards hoarding
(b) In areas uncovered by inoculation, new variants of the virus will lurk for years
(c) Universal inoculation should be completed in minimal time
(d) The richer a nation, the better is its inoculation success
10. Read the passage carefully:
A plethora of vaccines is now available for use. The vaccines came years in advance, triggering great hope for mankind. The scientific community, who spearheaded the astonishingly fast race, was driven by human inventiveness that peaked due to global pressure. Apart from this, private capital from myriad sources was poured in to invent a vaccine in a quick time.
Such an astounding success, however, will be considered futile if some parts of the human race don’t get the benefits equitably because of their nationality, color, or wealth. There is no doubt that the socio-economic parameters of nations vary greatly. The richer a nation, the better is its inoculation success. This is why a handful of countries in the western world are reasonably near to full inoculation of their population, whereas in poor countries of Africa and elsewhere, inoculation has made a faltering start. In areas uncovered by inoculation, new variants of the virus will lurk for years, posing the danger of fresh bouts of the pandemic. This logic underscores the need for universal inoculation to be completed in minimal time. But, there are far too many problems along the way. Present manufacturers will fight hard to restrict the availability of their products to their buyers only.
The solution, therefore, lies in People’s Vaccine that would be affordable, accessible, and storable. Adopting such a vaccine universally will eliminate the tendencies towards hoarding, profiteering, blackmailing, and other evils like extortion. The world can then see the end of ‘vaccine discrimination’, which otherwise could bring many evils to mankind. For this to happen, the main difficulty will lie in nullifying the intellectual property rights claims that law courts would find hard to dismiss. But, if this hurdle is crossed, the proliferation of manufacturing centres around multiple geographies will be possible. The distribution of vaccines will then encounter much fewer logistical difficulties.
So, overcoming the challenges of enforcement of patent rights by a handful of large vaccine makers like Moderna, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, and Johnson and Johnson is going to be a real impediment to universal adoption of the People’s Vaccine. The present manufacturers have a head-start in the business and are sure to increase their prices after some time.
An argument often advanced by the vaccine makers is that safeguarding their intellectual rights will help them to ramp up investment and production. This claim may not always hold. Astra Zeneca is already feeling the heat for not being able to produce contracted quantities of the vaccine. Similar problems from other makers can’t be ruled out.
It is worth mentioning here that the U.S. invested nearly 12 billion dollars in its vaccine development effort. Elsewhere, the Astra-Zeneca program was underwritten by public money to the extent of 90%90%. Given these facts, the claim of the vaccine makers for patent rights is immoral as they are illegal.
The collective conscience of the world must weigh on to make vaccine making an unfettered business activity. Only then people can draw the full benefit of the quick breakthroughs in vaccine science.
What will happen if a nation is not inoculated?
(a) People will develop immunity
(b) New vaccines will be created
(c) The pandemic will end faster
(d) New variants of the virus will lurk for years
11. Read the passage carefully:
A plethora of vaccines is now available for use. The vaccines came years in advance, triggering great hope for mankind. The scientific community, who spearheaded the astonishingly fast race, was driven by human inventiveness that peaked due to global pressure. Apart from this, private capital from myriad sources was poured in to invent a vaccine in a quick time.
Such an astounding success, however, will be considered futile if some parts of the human race don’t get the benefits equitably because of their nationality, color, or wealth. There is no doubt that the socio-economic parameters of nations vary greatly. The richer a nation, the better is its inoculation success. This is why a handful of countries in the western world are reasonably near to full inoculation of their population, whereas in poor countries of Africa and elsewhere, inoculation has made a faltering start. In areas uncovered by inoculation, new variants of the virus will lurk for years, posing the danger of fresh bouts of the pandemic. This logic underscores the need for universal inoculation to be completed in minimal time. But, there are far too many problems along the way. Present manufacturers will fight hard to restrict the availability of their products to their buyers only.
The solution, therefore, lies in People’s Vaccine that would be affordable, accessible, and storable. Adopting such a vaccine universally will eliminate the tendencies towards hoarding, profiteering, blackmailing, and other evils like extortion. The world can then see the end of ‘vaccine discrimination’, which otherwise could bring many evils to mankind. For this to happen, the main difficulty will lie in nullifying the intellectual property rights claims that law courts would find hard to dismiss. But, if this hurdle is crossed, the proliferation of manufacturing centres around multiple geographies will be possible. The distribution of vaccines will then encounter much fewer logistical difficulties.
So, overcoming the challenges of enforcement of patent rights by a handful of large vaccine makers like Moderna, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, and Johnson and Johnson is going to be a real impediment to universal adoption of the People’s Vaccine. The present manufacturers have a head-start in the business and are sure to increase their prices after some time.
An argument often advanced by the vaccine makers is that safeguarding their intellectual rights will help them to ramp up investment and production. This claim may not always hold. Astra Zeneca is already feeling the heat for not being able to produce contracted quantities of the vaccine. Similar problems from other makers can’t be ruled out.
It is worth mentioning here that the U.S. invested nearly 12 billion dollars in its vaccine development effort. Elsewhere, the Astra-Zeneca program was underwritten by public money to the extent of 90%90%. Given these facts, the claim of the vaccine makers for patent rights is immoral as they are illegal.
The collective conscience of the world must weigh on to make vaccine making an unfettered business activity. Only then people can draw the full benefit of the quick breakthroughs in vaccine science.
Which one of the following words is most similar in meaning to the word, ‘extortion’?
(a) exaction
(b) exemplary
(c) execute
(d) expedite
12. Read the passage carefully:
A plethora of vaccines is now available for use. The vaccines came years in advance, triggering great hope for mankind. The scientific community, who spearheaded the astonishingly fast race, was driven by human inventiveness that peaked due to global pressure. Apart from this, private capital from myriad sources was poured in to invent a vaccine in a quick time.
Such an astounding success, however, will be considered futile if some parts of the human race don’t get the benefits equitably because of their nationality, color, or wealth. There is no doubt that the socio-economic parameters of nations vary greatly. The richer a nation, the better is its inoculation success. This is why a handful of countries in the western world are reasonably near to full inoculation of their population, whereas in poor countries of Africa and elsewhere, inoculation has made a faltering start. In areas uncovered by inoculation, new variants of the virus will lurk for years, posing the danger of fresh bouts of the pandemic. This logic underscores the need for universal inoculation to be completed in minimal time. But, there are far too many problems along the way. Present manufacturers will fight hard to restrict the availability of their products to their buyers only.
The solution, therefore, lies in People’s Vaccine that would be affordable, accessible, and storable. Adopting such a vaccine universally will eliminate the tendencies towards hoarding, profiteering, blackmailing, and other evils like extortion. The world can then see the end of ‘vaccine discrimination’, which otherwise could bring many evils to mankind. For this to happen, the main difficulty will lie in nullifying the intellectual property rights claims that law courts would find hard to dismiss. But, if this hurdle is crossed, the proliferation of manufacturing centres around multiple geographies will be possible. The distribution of vaccines will then encounter much fewer logistical difficulties.
So, overcoming the challenges of enforcement of patent rights by a handful of large vaccine makers like Moderna, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, and Johnson and Johnson is going to be a real impediment to universal adoption of the People’s Vaccine. The present manufacturers have a head-start in the business and are sure to increase their prices after some time.
An argument often advanced by the vaccine makers is that safeguarding their intellectual rights will help them to ramp up investment and production. This claim may not always hold. Astra Zeneca is already feeling the heat for not being able to produce contracted quantities of the vaccine. Similar problems from other makers can’t be ruled out.
It is worth mentioning here that the U.S. invested nearly 12 billion dollars in its vaccine development effort. Elsewhere, the Astra-Zeneca program was underwritten by public money to the extent of 90%90%. Given these facts, the claim of the vaccine makers for patent rights is immoral as they are illegal.
The collective conscience of the world must weigh on to make vaccine making an unfettered business activity. Only then people can draw the full benefit of the quick breakthroughs in vaccine science.
Which word is opposite in meaning to the word, “nullifying”?
(a) removing
(b) validating
(c) moving
(d) using
13. Read the passage carefully:
A plethora of vaccines is now available for use. The vaccines came years in advance, triggering great hope for mankind. The scientific community, who spearheaded the astonishingly fast race, was driven by human inventiveness that peaked due to global pressure. Apart from this, private capital from myriad sources was poured in to invent a vaccine in a quick time.
Such an astounding success, however, will be considered futile if some parts of the human race don’t get the benefits equitably because of their nationality, color, or wealth. There is no doubt that the socio-economic parameters of nations vary greatly. The richer a nation, the better is its inoculation success. This is why a handful of countries in the western world are reasonably near to full inoculation of their population, whereas in poor countries of Africa and elsewhere, inoculation has made a faltering start. In areas uncovered by inoculation, new variants of the virus will lurk for years, posing the danger of fresh bouts of the pandemic. This logic underscores the need for universal inoculation to be completed in minimal time. But, there are far too many problems along the way. Present manufacturers will fight hard to restrict the availability of their products to their buyers only.
The solution, therefore, lies in People’s Vaccine that would be affordable, accessible, and storable. Adopting such a vaccine universally will eliminate the tendencies towards hoarding, profiteering, blackmailing, and other evils like extortion. The world can then see the end of ‘vaccine discrimination’, which otherwise could bring many evils to mankind. For this to happen, the main difficulty will lie in nullifying the intellectual property rights claims that law courts would find hard to dismiss. But, if this hurdle is crossed, the proliferation of manufacturing centres around multiple geographies will be possible. The distribution of vaccines will then encounter much fewer logistical difficulties.
So, overcoming the challenges of enforcement of patent rights by a handful of large vaccine makers like Moderna, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, and Johnson and Johnson is going to be a real impediment to universal adoption of the People’s Vaccine. The present manufacturers have a head-start in the business and are sure to increase their prices after some time.
An argument often advanced by the vaccine makers is that safeguarding their intellectual rights will help them to ramp up investment and production. This claim may not always hold. Astra Zeneca is already feeling the heat for not being able to produce contracted quantities of the vaccine. Similar problems from other makers can’t be ruled out.
It is worth mentioning here that the U.S. invested nearly 12 billion dollars in its vaccine development effort. Elsewhere, the Astra-Zeneca program was underwritten by public money to the extent of 90%90%. Given these facts, the claim of the vaccine makers for patent rights is immoral as they are illegal.
The collective conscience of the world must weigh on to make vaccine making an unfettered business activity. Only then people can draw the full benefit of the quick breakthroughs in vaccine science.
Which part of speech is the italic word in the following sentence?
An argument often advanced by the vaccine makers is that safeguarding their intellectual rights will help them to ramp up investment and production.
(a) noun
(b) adverb
(c) adjective
(d) verb
14. Read the passage carefully:
A plethora of vaccines is now available for use. The vaccines came years in advance, triggering great hope for mankind. The scientific community, who spearheaded the astonishingly fast race, was driven by human inventiveness that peaked due to global pressure. Apart from this, private capital from myriad sources was poured in to invent a vaccine in a quick time.
Such an astounding success, however, will be considered futile if some parts of the human race don’t get the benefits equitably because of their nationality, color, or wealth. There is no doubt that the socio-economic parameters of nations vary greatly. The richer a nation, the better is its inoculation success. This is why a handful of countries in the western world are reasonably near to full inoculation of their population, whereas in poor countries of Africa and elsewhere, inoculation has made a faltering start. In areas uncovered by inoculation, new variants of the virus will lurk for years, posing the danger of fresh bouts of the pandemic. This logic underscores the need for universal inoculation to be completed in minimal time. But, there are far too many problems along the way. Present manufacturers will fight hard to restrict the availability of their products to their buyers only.
The solution, therefore, lies in People’s Vaccine that would be affordable, accessible, and storable. Adopting such a vaccine universally will eliminate the tendencies towards hoarding, profiteering, blackmailing, and other evils like extortion. The world can then see the end of ‘vaccine discrimination’, which otherwise could bring many evils to mankind. For this to happen, the main difficulty will lie in nullifying the intellectual property rights claims that law courts would find hard to dismiss. But, if this hurdle is crossed, the proliferation of manufacturing centres around multiple geographies will be possible. The distribution of vaccines will then encounter much fewer logistical difficulties.
So, overcoming the challenges of enforcement of patent rights by a handful of large vaccine makers like Moderna, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, and Johnson and Johnson is going to be a real impediment to universal adoption of the People’s Vaccine. The present manufacturers have a head-start in the business and are sure to increase their prices after some time.
An argument often advanced by the vaccine makers is that safeguarding their intellectual rights will help them to ramp up investment and production. This claim may not always hold. Astra Zeneca is already feeling the heat for not being able to produce contracted quantities of the vaccine. Similar problems from other makers can’t be ruled out.
It is worth mentioning here that the U.S. invested nearly 12 billion dollars in its vaccine development effort. Elsewhere, the Astra-Zeneca program was underwritten by public money to the extent of 90%90%. Given these facts, the claim of the vaccine makers for patent rights is immoral as they are illegal.
The collective conscience of the world must weigh on to make vaccine making an unfettered business activity. Only then people can draw the full benefit of the quick breakthroughs in vaccine science.
In the context of the passage which of the following is not true? Intellectual rights on vaccines should be nullified because:
(a) it will allow lesser inoculation
(b) it will be more accessible
(c) it will stop hoarding
(d) it will stop profiteering
15. Read the passage carefully:
A plethora of vaccines is now available for use. The vaccines came years in advance, triggering great hope for mankind. The scientific community, who spearheaded the astonishingly fast race, was driven by human inventiveness that peaked due to global pressure. Apart from this, private capital from myriad sources was poured in to invent a vaccine in a quick time.
Such an astounding success, however, will be considered futile if some parts of the human race don’t get the benefits equitably because of their nationality, color, or wealth. There is no doubt that the socio-economic parameters of nations vary greatly. The richer a nation, the better is its inoculation success. This is why a handful of countries in the western world are reasonably near to full inoculation of their population, whereas in poor countries of Africa and elsewhere, inoculation has made a faltering start. In areas uncovered by inoculation, new variants of the virus will lurk for years, posing the danger of fresh bouts of the pandemic. This logic underscores the need for universal inoculation to be completed in minimal time. But, there are far too many problems along the way. Present manufacturers will fight hard to restrict the availability of their products to their buyers only.
The solution, therefore, lies in People’s Vaccine that would be affordable, accessible, and storable. Adopting such a vaccine universally will eliminate the tendencies towards hoarding, profiteering, blackmailing, and other evils like extortion. The world can then see the end of ‘vaccine discrimination’, which otherwise could bring many evils to mankind. For this to happen, the main difficulty will lie in nullifying the intellectual property rights claims that law courts would find hard to dismiss. But, if this hurdle is crossed, the proliferation of manufacturing centres around multiple geographies will be possible. The distribution of vaccines will then encounter much fewer logistical difficulties.
So, overcoming the challenges of enforcement of patent rights by a handful of large vaccine makers like Moderna, Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, and Johnson and Johnson is going to be a real impediment to universal adoption of the People’s Vaccine. The present manufacturers have a head-start in the business and are sure to increase their prices after some time.
An argument often advanced by the vaccine makers is that safeguarding their intellectual rights will help them to ramp up investment and production. This claim may not always hold. Astra Zeneca is already feeling the heat for not being able to produce contracted quantities of the vaccine. Similar problems from other makers can’t be ruled out.
It is worth mentioning here that the U.S. invested nearly 12 billion dollars in its vaccine development effort. Elsewhere, the Astra-Zeneca program was underwritten by public money to the extent of 90%90%. Given these facts, the claim of the vaccine makers for patent rights is immoral as they are illegal.
The collective conscience of the world must weigh on to make vaccine making an unfettered business activity. Only then people can draw the full benefit of the quick breakthroughs in vaccine science.
Which of the following has not been mentioned in the passage?
(a) vaccines should not be hoarded
(b) vaccines should be affordable
(c) vaccines should be priced very high
(d) vaccines should be provided as fast as possible
16. A child is composing a poem with the help of a picture drawn on the black-board. The child is using-
(a) understanding based skill
(b) knowledge based skill
(c) psychomotor skill
(d) application based skill
17. Learning a new language after puberty leads to ——– of a foreign language
(a) difficulty in acquisition
(b) normal acquisition
(c) greater mastery
(d) loss of mastery
18. Student-generated corrections are important in language learning because
(a) students revise and edit the errors in their own writing or speech
(b) they indicate active engagement in the learning process
(c) more time can be given to grammar drills before production
(d) teachers can conduct more remedial classes
19. Acquisition “initiates” our utterances in a second language and is responsible for our fluency. Learning has only one function, and that is as a Monitor, or editor. This view is supported by
(a) Chomsky
(b) Krashen
(c) Piaget
(d) None of them
20. Answer the following questions by selecting the correct/most appropriate options.
None
Read the exchange:
Teacher: Shall we go out to the garden and find out the names of those flowers near the corridor?
Student: Yes, yes, yeah.
Teacher: Yes, Ma’am, please.
Here, the teacher-
(a) relates language function with politeness
(b) makes a polite suggestion to start reading
(c) confirms the student’s request
(d) offers an alternative language activity
21. Teaching learning materials make English lesson interesting for learners if
(a) it is according to their age and level of understanding
(b) only costly materials are used
(c) they are in their mother tongue
(d) used very regularly in the learning process
22. Communicative approach does not enable teachers to exploit
(a) Sound psycholinguistics
(b) Sociolinguistics
(c) Educational Principles
(d) Grammar
23. In the communicative approach to ELT, the development of language learning or teaching involves a shift:
(a) From form-based to a meaning-based approach
(b) From an eclectic approach to a rigid method
(c) From teacher-centered to learner-centered classes
(d) From broad-based competence to specific needs
24. Which of the following statements are not true regarding Phoneme?
(a) It is an abstract representation of the smallest distinctive sound unit in a language.
(b) Phonemes are represented in slashes, not square brackets.
(c) The word ‘hat’ has 3 phonemes −− ‘ hh ‘ ‘ a’ and ‘ tt ‘.
(d) It is the smallest linguistic part of a word that can have a meaning.
25. A teacher asked the class to listen and follow directions given to them. The students are trained on their
(a) productive skill
(b) recognition skill
(c) acting skill
(d) receptive skill
26. A reading activity where students focus on phonemic sounds, pronunciation and intonation can be used to assess –
(a) analysis
(b) literary appreciation
(c) reading accuracy
(d) inference
27. In order to know the correct pronunciation of English words, the learner should
(a) know how to write the words
(b) know the spelling, meanings and how they are pronounced
(c) know the meanings only
(d) know the spelling
28. Learners need to brainstorm ideas, organize them, draft, edit and revise their work. This is a ‘process’ which reflects
(a) Listening skills
(b) Speaking skills
(c) Reading skills
(d) Writing skills
29. Language proficiency does not refer to:
(a) Fluency
(b) Accuracy
(c) Appropriateness
(d) Efficiency
30. Continuous and comprehensive evaluation refers to
(a) daily evaluation of students’ development
(b) a system of regular evaluation of students that covers all aspects of students’ development
(c) regular evaluation of all students in a class
(d) All of the above
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