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The most well-liked and practical source of long-term financing for businesses is share capital. To raise money from the capital market, the organisations use a variety of issues. A corporation may issue (sell-off) financial securities such as equity shares to receive investor subscriptions through IPOs and FPOs. Other forms of issues that the corporations use to raise capital and serve as cash alternatives in various situations include the right issue and bonus issue.
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Definition of Right Shares
Right shares are those that the firm issues with the intention of raising its subscribed share capital through additional issuance. Through a letter of an issue and on a pro-rata basis, the right shares are largely distributed to the current equity shareholders. Each shareholder receives a notice from the firm with an opportunity to purchase the shares the company is offering to them at a discount.
To put it in a nutshell, a rights issue is a way for companies to raise money by offering existing shareholders the chance to buy more shares at a discount. The shares are in accordance to the existing shares of the shareholders and help to increase their value and voting rights in the company.
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Right Issue Provisions in the Companies Act: Section 62 of the Companies Act of 2013 governs the issuance of shares on a rights basis. According to Section 62(1)(a), additional shares shall be offered to persons who are holders of equity shares of the company on the date of the offer in proportion to the paid-up share capital on those shares, as nearly as circumstances permit, by sending a letter of offer subject to the following conditions:
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The offer must be submitted in writing and must include the number of shares being offered as well as a deadline, not to be fewer than 15 days nor more than 30 days from the date of the offer, after which the offer will be assumed to have been rejected.
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The above-mentioned offer shall be regarded to include a right exercisable by the individual in question to relinquish the shares issued to him or any of them in favour of any other individual unless the articles of the company stipulate otherwise, and the notice shall incorporate a mention of this right.
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The Board of Directors may dispose of the shares in a way that is advantageous to the shareholders and the company after the period specified in the notice has expired or upon receiving earlier notification from the person to whom the notice was given that he declined to accept the shares offered.
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Definition of Bonus Shares
1: What is a stock?
According to the number of shares held by the shareholder, bonus shares are free shares of stock given to current owners of the company. The bonus issuance does not affect the entity’s net worth; it just increases the total number of shares issued. The proportion of shares owned by shareholders does not change despite a rise in the total number of shares that firms issue as bonus issues. Since bonus shares are distributed to shareholders at no cost to the corporation, they do not increase capital. According to Section 63 of the Companies Act of 2013, the following reserves or accounts may be used by the firm to issue fully paid-up bonus shares:
- Securities premium account
- Free reserves
- Capital redemption reserve account
Bonus shares, however, cannot be issued by capitalising reserves created as a result of asset revaluation. Bonus shares may also be issued if the company has excess reserves and plans to expand its operations. The bonus issue lowers the company’s share price, and because shares are more accessible, there is an increase in demand, which raises the share price. The companies listed below are not permitted to issue bonus shares:
- a business that has neglected to repay a deposit.
- a business that has unpaid deposit interest.
- a business that has no aid for debt securities.
- a company that has neglected to fulfil an employee’s statutory obligations, such as provident fund contributions, bonuses, and gratuities.
- A company with any outstanding unpaid partially paid shares
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Bonus Shares and Right Issue Pursuant to the 2013 Companies Act
Entities frequently make decisions that involve spending money now while expecting to profit later. For example, when a company purchases a machine that will last ten years, constructs a new plant that will last thirty years, or begins a research and development project. Companies can raise the necessary financial capital for such projects by
- attracting new investors;
- reinvesting profits;
- borrowing through banking institutions or bonds; and
- selling shares.
When business owners select sources of financial capital, they must also decide how to pay for them.
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Know moreDifferences between Rights Shares and Bonus Shares
Differences between Rights Shares and Bonus Shares are tabulated under this sentence.
| No. | Reason of difference | Rights Shares | Bonus Shares |
| 1 | Meaning | Existing shareholders receive the right shares at a discounted price with the option to accept or reject the offer. | Other than a dividend, bonus shares are distributed to owners at no cost in a specific ratio. |
| 2 | Prices | A smaller amount than the present market price | Cost Free |
| 3 | Purpose | to quickly raise additional funds | To lower the share price and as a substitute for a cash dividend |
| 4 | Subscription | A minimum subscription is compulsory | Not wanted |
| 5 | Paid-up Value | Paid in full or in part. | Always paid in full |
| 6 | Effect on Market
Share Price |
Unless shareholders sell their shares, the price may or may not fall. | Always reduce in accordance with the issued ratio. |
| 7 | Creation and
Renunciation |
These are additional shares issued by the company that can be renounced in part or entirely. | These shares are created from the company’s profits, reserves, and surplus, and there is no option to renounce them. |
| 8 | Governing Sections | u/s 62 of Companies Act of 2013 | u/s 63 of Companies Act of 2013 |
| 9 | Cash Flow | There is sufficient cash inflow when it is issued because shareholders must pay money to the company to purchase such shares. | There is no such cash inflow, and only an increase in the number of shares, as well as shareholder shareholding, occurs. |
| 10 | Authorization | Made with the authorization of the members via ordinary or special resolution | Made on the Board of Members’ express recommendation and must be authorised by members in general meeting. |
| 11 | Shares | For the issue, additional shares are created. | Free reserves, capital redemption reserve A/c, and/or securities premium A/c are used to issue shares. |
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Bonus Shares 2025
Details of the Bonus Shares 2022 are given in the table.
| Company | Bonus Ratio |
Date |
||
| Announcement | Record | Ex-bonus | ||
| Ananth Rathi Wealth Ltd | 1:1 | 24-02-2025 | 05-03-2025 | 05-03-2025 |
| Jindal Worldwide Ltd | 4:1 | 21-02-2025 | 28-02-2025 | 28-02-2025 |
| Gujarat Toolroom Ltd | 5:1 | 13-02-2025 | 18-02-2025 | 18-02-2025 |
| Kothari Products Ltd | 1:1 | 10-02-2025 | 18-02-2025 | 18-02-2025 |
| Richfield Financial Services Ltd | 1:1 | 04-02-2025 | 14-02-2025 | 14-02-2025 |
| Transformers & Rectifiers India Ltd | 1:1 | 07-02-2025 | 14-02-2025 | 14-02-2025 |
| EFC (I) Ltd | 1:1 | 31-01-2025 | 11-02-2025 | 11-02-2025 |
| Sangam Finserv Ltd | 4:1 | 28-01-2025 | 07-02-2025 | 07-02-2025 |
| Urban Enviro Waste Management Ltd | 1:1 | 03-02-2025 | 07-02-2025 | 07-02-2025 |
| Thinkink Picturez Ltd | 2:1 | 28-01-2025 | 05-02-2025 | 05-02-2025 |
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Right Shares 2025
Check out the rights shares of 2025.
| Company | Rights Ratio | Face Value | Premium | Date | ||
| Year ending | Record | Ex-rights | ||||
| Thangamayil Jewellery | 2:15 | 10 | 1390 | Mar 31, 2024 | 11-02-2025 | 11-02-2025 |
| Pankaj Piyush | 2:1 | 10 | 240 | Mar 31, 2024 | 11-02-2025 | 11-02-2025 |
| ETT | 8:5 | 10 | 5 | Mar 31, 2024 | 11-02-2025 | 11-02-2025 |
| Jyoti Structure | 9:26 | 2 | 14 | Mar 31, 2024 | 10-02-2025 | 10-02-2025 |
| Harshil Agrotech | 2;5 | 1 | 1.43 | Mar 31, 2024 | 05-02-2025 | 05-02-2025 |
| Ganesh Holdings | 6:5 | 10 | 90 | Mar 31, 2024 | 05-02-2025 | 05-02-2025 |
| Globe Textiles (India) | 1:2 | 2 | 1 | Mar 31, 2024 | 17-01-2025 | 17-01-2025 |
| Interactive Financial Services | 13:10 | 10 | 20 | Mar 31, 2024 | 17-01-2025 | 17-01-2025 |
| Indian EXTR. | 3:1 | 1 | 3.25 | Mar 31, 2024 | 17-01-2025 | 17-01-2025 |
| Ultracab India | 9:25 | 2 | 12.5 | Mar 31, 2024 | 16-01-2025 | 16-01-2025 |
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Know moreRights and Bonuses: Conclusion
When a company whose shares are quoted on a recognised stock exchange issues shares to existing equity holders as a right or bonus issue, the shares must be listed on the respective stock exchange. Right shares entail selling shares in the primary market by issuing rights to existing shareholders.
On the other hand, the issuance of bonus shares is analogous to the company paying a dividend in the form of shares. In a nutshell, the difference between right shares and bonus shares is that right shares are issued at a lower price than the current market share price, whereas bonus shares are issued as a reward to the company’s shareholders on a specific date, i.e. the shareholders must have the company’s equity shares in their Demat account on that specific date.
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