Web Development is one of the most valued and sought-after professions now a day. There are many career opportunities for experts in this field all across the world. The high demand for jobs that are related to web development and technology has increased the competition and the hiring process is also much tougher than earlier. Candidates who are applying for a job that is related to web development can always expect an interview round. Here in this article are some of the most commonly asked interview questions and answers for web development and technology. Aspirants who are preparing for job interviews and applying for the job are requested to go through the complete article to get a clear idea.
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Web Development: Interview Questions & Answers
The given below are some of the most commonly asked interview questions and answers for web development candidates are requested to go through this in detail before appearing for the technical interview round.
- What is the use of a namespace in Web Development?
A namespace is a simple global object that is used to hold methods, properties, and other objects in them. It adds ease of use via modularity, thereby, providing users with the ability to reuse the code and avoid naming conflicts.
- What are the newly introduced input types in HTML5?
HTML5 has had multiple revamps in the past years, and the addition of input types has made it very easy to work with. Some of these input types are as follows:
- color
- date
- Datetime-local
- month
- number range
What are the five elements that support media content in HTML5?
There are five main elements in HTML5 that support media:
- <audio>
- <video>
- <source>
- <embed>
- <track>
What is SVG and why is it used?
SVG stands for Scalable Vector Graphics. It is used to display vector-based graphics over the web. The graphical content it can render is based on an XML format. With SVG, the graphical content is of superior quality thereby providing the user with the ability to furnish high-quality images.
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- What is the use of Canvas in HTML?
Canvas was added onto HTML5 to give users the ability to draw graphics on the go, using JavaScript. There are a variety of methods in <canvas> to allow for the drawing of paths, circles, boxes, images, and more.
- What is the difference between Canvas and SVG?
| Canvas | SVG |
| Resolution dependant | Resolution independent |
| Does not support event handlers | Supports event handlers |
| Works well for small-scale rendering applications | Performs better for large-scale rendering applications |
- How can page loading time be reduced?
There are many factors that affect the page loading time of a website. However, some methods can be implemented to reduce it drastically. They are given below:
- Reduction in the image size
- Removal of unnecessary widgets
- HTTP compression
- Reduction in lookups
- Minimal redirection and caching
What is the use of CORS?
CORS stands for Cross-origin Resource Sharing. It is a mechanism that allows a variety of resources to be requested at a time from a domain that is outside the current request domain.
The next web application interview question comprises an important difference. Check it out below.
- What is the difference between localStorage and sessionStorage objects?
| localStorage | sessionStorage |
| No expiry is there for stored data | The object is valid for only a single session |
| Data is not deleted upon the closure of the window | The object is immediately deleted upon closing the window |
- What are some of the new features that are introduced in CSS3?
CSS3 has brought about a lot of changes, making the overall framework more user-friendly and powerful. Some of the features that were added and are very popularly used now are:
- Rounded corners
- Animation
- Custom layout
- Media queries
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What is Responsive Web Design (RWD) in HTML and CSS?
Responsive Web Design is a concept that is used to create web pages that can scale across multiple resolutions without any loss of information or screen tearing.
It automatically adjusts the structure of the web page based on the device it is viewed on to provide an optimal viewing experience.
What are some of the types of CSS that are used?
There are three main types of CSS present:
- Inline CSS: Supports the addition of CSS inline, alongside HTML elements
- External CSS: Used to import an external CSS file to the HTML document
- Embedded CSS: Used to add CSS styles by making use of the <style> attribute
What is the use of a selector in CSS?
A CSS selector is used with a rule in the inline elements, which require styling. With the help of selectors, it is easy to find and select HTML elements based on factors, such as name, ID, attribute, etc.
- Why are external style sheets preferred?
External style sheets provide an ample amount of advantages to developers. Some of the benefits are as follows:
- Classes can be reused any number of times.
- They allow for the style control of multiple documents through a single file.
- Selectors and grouping can be used to apply styles easily.
What is the meaning of long polling in Web Development?
Long polling is a development pattern that is used to emulate a data push operation from a server to a client machine. When long polling is operational, the client sends in a request to the server, and the data is pushed. The connection will timeout only when the data is sent to the client or after the timeout criteria are met.
- What are some of the Web Development technologies that you know?
This question is very common in a Web Development interview. The answer is based on your learning, experience, and proficiency in this field. However, a good Web Developer will have profound working skills in any of the following technologies:
- HTML
- CSS
- JavaScript
- SQL
- Python
- PHP
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What is the difference between cookies and local storage?
| Cookies | Local Storage |
| Cookie data is accessible for both the client and the server | Data is stored only on the local browser in the client-side machine |
| Cookies have an expiry time, and data gets deleted post expiration | There is no expiry in local storage unless the data is manually deleted |
In the next set of interview questions for web developers, we have a very important question regarding HTML and XHTML.
- What is the difference between XHTML and HTML?
| XHTML | HTML |
| Tags should be in lowercase | It is not case sensitive |
| Tags should be closed once opened | Open-ended tags can be used |
| Attributes must be enclosed in double quotes | Attributes can be used without quotation marks |
- What are the various data types present in JavaScript?
JavaScript supports the following data types:
- Boolean
- Number
- Object
- Undefined
- Null
- String
- Function
What are the types of popup boxes present in JavaScript?
There are three types of dialog boxes, which are used in JavaScript:
- Alert: Presents users with a message and an ‘Ok’ button
- Confirm: Gives the users a window with ‘Ok’ and ‘Cancel’ buttons
- Prompt: Shows the user input, alongside ‘Ok’ and ‘Cancel’ buttons
What is the difference between <window.onload> and <onDocumentReady>?
The <window.onload> event is not called until a page is completely loaded with the entire styling from CSS and images. The event does add a bit of delay when rendering a web page. With the <onDocumentReady> event, it will wait only till the DOM is initialized and will begin the event action. This ensures to reduce any delays in actions.
- How is type conversion handled in JavaScript?
JavaScript supports automatic type conversion. Since it is weakly typed, you can pass a function as an argument into another function easily. This ensures that there are no errors or data type-associated warnings as values get converted to the required data type automatically.
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- How can you prioritize SEO, maintainability, performance, and security in a web application?
This is a commonly asked question in a Web Development interview. Here, the interviewer is trying to assess your understanding of the working environment in the firm you’ve applied for. If it is a large firm, then security will get higher priority over SEO. Whereas, if it is a publication firm, SEO gets the preference. A little groundwork about the company should help you answer this question.
- What is the result if a jQuery Event Handler returns false?
If the jQuery Event Handler returns a boolean false value, it simply means that the event will not execute further and will halt the execution for the particular action it is associated with.
- What is the use of the each() function in jQuery?
The each() function in jQuery is used to iterate over a set of elements. A function can be passed to each() method. This will result in the execution of each of the events for which the object has been called.
- What is Pair Programming?
Pair programming is a scenario where you will be working closely with a colleague on the project, and this is done to help solve the problems at hand. If the development scenario is fast-paced, Agile development might not work efficiently. The interviewer asks this question to see whether you can work with other people easily and effectively.
- What is the use of the $() function in jQuery?
The $() function is used as a wrapper to wrap objects into their jQuery counterparts. This is done to give users the ability to call any method that is defined for the jQuery object. Selectors can also be passed to the $() function, resulting in the output of a jQuery object that contains matched DOM elements.
- What are the advantages of using a Content Delivery Network (CDN) in jQuery?
CDNs are widely used in jQuery as they offer an ample number of advantages for users.
- CDNs cause a significant reduction in the load for the server.
- They provide large amounts of savings in the bandwidth.
- jQuery frameworks load faster due to optimizations.
- CDNs have a caching ability that adds to quicker load times.
What are the types of CDNs supported in jQuery?
There are two widely used CDNs with jQuery:
- Microsoft: Used to load from jQuery AJAX CDN
- Google: Used to load jQuery from the Google Libraries API
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