Robotics and automation; Impact and challenges

Robotics is a branch of engineering concerned with the design and implementation of robots, as well as the use of computers to manipulate and process them. In the manufacturing industry, robots are utilised to speed up the process. They’re also utilised in nuclear science, sea exploration, transmission electric signal maintenance, and the design of bio-medical equipment, among other things. Computer integrated manufacturing, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, biological mechanics, and software engineering are all required in robotics.

Robotics and automation Control systems and information technologies are used in engineering to eliminate the requirement for human labour in the production of goods and services. Automation is a step beyond mechanisation in terms of industrialization.

Manufacturing, research and engineering, agriculture, mining, nuclear, power-plant maintenance, and a range of other fields may all benefit from a robotics engineering expertise. Furthermore, qualified specialists and researchers have a lot of opportunities to work on many aspects of robotics research and development. As seen by the recent global career trend in robotics, sectors as diverse as surgery, modern warfare, and nanotechnology have seen a significant increase in their demand for technical expertise and robotics research in recent years.

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Impact of robotics in human life

Workload Reduction

Work that is repetitive or strenuous for humans is usually completed by robots. The goal of developing robots is not to replace humans, but to relieve them of the monotony of performing the majority of basic and low-level activities. Robots can readily perform tasks that require no human intelligence, such as planning schedules or maintaining communications. It would free up humans to focus on more critical tasks requiring human intelligence.

Low-cost and convenient

Robots have the potential to lower the cost of goods and services by lowering the cost of labour. It would allow a larger number of individuals to have access to items that were previously out of their reach. Crop planting and harvesting, for example, necessitate a significant lot of physical power and endurance. They’re also more difficult to complete. All of this work can be done by robots. Robots are capable of doing a wide range of tasks, including farm work, industrial labour, and other time-consuming tasks. These duties performed by robots will help to reduce the cost of human labour.

Improved Product and Service Availability

Robots can produce 10 times more goods and services than humans, increasing the rate of production and making everything available to people. For example, if human labour can manufacture ten bowls, a robot can make 100 bowls in its stead, allowing a much larger number of people to benefit from bowls. On the other hand, it would lower the cost of making the bowls and hence lower the price of the bowls. In effect, it would make those things widely available to a vast number of individuals.

Work-life and personal-life balance

People will have more balance in their job and personal lives if robots assist them in their daily tasks. Those who lose their jobs as a result of automation will be able to find other jobs and learn new skills. It would also assist them in comprehending the true value that human employees provide to the company.

Household Service

Household duties can be greatly aided by robots, which will save time and energy. People will be able to focus on more important things to do with their time. They will also have a lot more spare time to spend doing activities they enjoy rather than cleaning and cooking.

Healthcare Services

In the field of medicine, robots can deliver more accurate test and diagnosis findings than humans. Robots are now utilised in clinical settings to assist health personnel and improve patient care, in addition to operating rooms. During the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and clinics began using robots for a far broader range of jobs in order to help decrease pathogen exposure. It’s become evident that health robotics’ operational savings and risk reduction give benefit in a variety of areas.

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Challenges Over Adopting Robots

• As robots are complex by nature, programming them requires a great deal of skill and effort. Working procedures are made more difficult by robot complexity, which poses a risk to the products and machines involved. In the current environment, robots are too expensive for many small businesses, increasing market competitiveness. Robotics’ high maintenance expenses can bankrupt a business.
• Robots are still unable to complete all duties on their own. Humans must supervise robots the majority of the time, and they must do sophisticated jobs that are above the robot’s capabilities.
• Standoffs between robots can be caused by communication between robots or by a centralised control system. For robots to properly provide interoperability in workspaces, advanced automation is required. According to a Wired report, Changi General Hospital in Singapore, which has used robots, frequently has standoffs since they don’t know how to navigate. According to the study, the hospital employs software developed by Open Robotics to allow robots from different manufacturers to communicate with one another and negotiate safe passage.
• Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are being accused for displacing workers and raising unemployment rates. Robotics will reduce manual labour, which will result in employment losses. There are many dull and repetitive duties, such as customer service encounters, that require a large amount of people.

Differences Between Automation and Robotics

Robots, with the correct control systems and automation software, can accomplish complex jobs and function 24 hours a day, seven days a week, with more efficiency than humans. In fact, studies have shown that incorporating robotic technology can reduce overtime spending and errors by 15 percent and 25 percent, respectively.

Furthermore, robots can handle parts that are too small for human fingers, and they can do it with greater precision. Unlike a traditional assembly worker, they can perform a number of activities rather than specialising in one.

Software automation, such as RPA, on the other hand, can improve staff processes and free them up to focus on higher-value jobs. It can aid with help desk service via chatbots, efficient meeting scheduling, and staff performance metrics, among other things.

The benefits of RPA include:

RPA bots automate repetitive tasks, allowing your employees to focus on more important tasks.

Reduced costs- RPA may continually do repetitive jobs, saving you money on your personnel.

Easy to track – Setting up statistics for your bots is a lot easier than it is for human users.

Improved Governance – Bots are programmed to follow specific procedures, and you may programme them to identify conduct that isn’t within your compliance parameters.

Bots may be simply reproduced and reprogrammed for different purposes.

Better Security – Bots sidestep many of the security flaws that humans introduce.

When it comes to doing several activities with a single machine, however, software automation has limited applications. For each task you want to automate, you’ll need to design a separate software solution.

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