Accenture Full Stack Developer Interview Questions

• Competitive salary 2,625 EUR – 3,125 total
• Flexible vacation + Health and travel insurance + moving expenses insurance
• Flexible working hours, compressed week, work from home
• Work with companies Fortune 500 from various sectors with international exposure
• Extensive growth opportunities
• Opportunities to work with super smart people
• Develop skills in our learning platform for growth careers, company-paid certifications
• Open and inclusive company culture

Key responsibilities:

• Design, develop, and maintain custom web and cloud applications – the native microservices
• Develop complex customer solutions that support clean, well-tested, and maintainable code
• Integrate and maintain large enterprise solutions
• Work closely with development teams Customer Architecture and Development
• Become a member of an Agile development team

Qualifications

Required Qualifications:

• Strong experience in Java or JavaScript/TypeScript development to create APIs extensible with help from Spring Boot, Node.js, etc.
• Knowledge of Angular/React/Vue.js Experience with unit/integration testing (Junit, Mockito, Jest, etc.)
• Experience with SQL/NoSQL Databases Knowledge of containers : Docker, Kubernetes.

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Accenture full stack developer interview questions

1. What is useMemo?

Ans: useMemo is a React hook used to remember the results of a function or calculation. Memoization is an optimization technique in which the result of a function is cached so that the function does not recalculate the result unless its dependencies change. This can be especially useful in situations where executing a function is resource-intensive or time-consuming and you want to avoid unnecessary recalculation.

The syntax for useMemo is given below:

const memoizedValue = useMemo(() => computeExpensiveValue(a, b), [a, b]);

Here:

• computeExpensiveValue is the function whose result is being memoized.
• [a, b] is the dependency array. The memoized value will only be recalculated when the values in this array change.

Example:

import React, { useMemo, useState } from 'react';

const ExpensiveComponent = ({ data }) => {
  const expensiveOperation = () => {
    // Simulating an expensive computation
    console.log('Calculating...');
    return data.map(item => item * 2);
  };

  const memoizedResult = useMemo(() => expensiveOperation(), [data]);

  return (
    <div>
      <p>Memoized Result: {memoizedResult.join(', ')}</p>
    </div>
  );
};

const App = () => {
  const [dataArray, setDataArray] = useState([1, 2, 3, 4]);

  return (
    <div>
      <button onClick={() => setDataArray(prevData => [...prevData, prevData.length + 1])}>
        Add Item
      </button>
      <ExpensiveComponent data={dataArray} />
    </div>
  );
};

export default App;

In this example, ExpensiveComponent performs a calculation (duplicating each element in the array) that can consume a lot of resources. By using useMemo, we ensure that the calculation is only performed when the data table changes, thus avoiding unnecessary recalculation every time the data table is displayed.
The console log inside the expensiveOperation function shows that the calculation only occurs when the dependencies change.

2. What is async/wait?

Ans: async/await is a feature of JavaScript that allows you to work with asynchronous code more freely and with clearer syntax. It was introduced in ECMAScript 2017 (ES8) and provides a more consistent way of working with promises.

Here is a breakdown of async/await:

1.async function: The async keyword is used to identify a function that returns a promise. An asynchronous function may contain one or more wait expressions.

async function myAsyncFunction() {
  // Code here
}

2. await Expression:

• The await keyword is used in an asynchronous function to wait for a promise to resolve before moving on to the next line of code. It can only be used in asynchronous functions.
• The fetchDataFromAPI method in this example promises to return something, while the fetching of data is stopped and only fetch Data can be resumed once.
• Asynchronous code appears and behaves more like asynchronous codes.

async function fetchData() {
  const data = await fetchDataFromAPI(); // fetchDataFromAPI() returns a promise
  console.log(data);
}

3. Error Handling:

• async/await analyzes error handling by the use of try and catch.
• If a promise is declined, the catch block is executed.

async function fetchData() {
  try {
    const data = await fetchDataFromAPI();
    console.log(data);
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
  }
}

4. Return Value:

• Asynchronous functions always return a promise. If the function returns an explicit value, then the promise is fulfilled.
• An asynchronous function that does not explicitly return n values is implicitly returned as an undefined promise.

async function example() {
  return 'Hello, Async/Await!';
}

example().then(result => console.log(result)); // Output: Hello, Async/Await!

The main advantage of async/await is that it makes asynchronous code easier to read and reason about, especially when dealing with multiple asynchronous operations. This helps avoid “callback hell” or “pyramid of doom” that can occur with callbacks deeply nested in traditional asynchronous JavaScript code.

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of React?

Ans: React, a popular JavaScript library for building user interfaces, has many advantages and disadvantages. Let’s explore both:

Advantages of React:

Declarative Syntax:

React uses declarative syntax, making it more intuitive and easier to understand. Developers can describe what they want the user interface to look like, and React will take care of updating the DOM to match that description.

Component-based architecture:

React follows a component-based architecture, favoring modularity and reusability. User interfaces are built by combining small, isolated components, making code easier to manage and maintain.

Virtual DOM:

React uses Virtual DOM, a lightweight copy of the real DOM, to optimize updates. This results in faster rendering and improved performance because React only updates the parts of the DOM that have changed.

One-way data binding:

React follows a one-way data flow, making it easier to track and debug data changes. This helps avoid unwanted side effects and makes it easier to understand the application state.

React Native for cross-platform development:

React can be used with React Native to create native mobile apps for iOS and Android. This allows developers to use their React knowledge to create cross-platform mobile apps.

Large and active community:

React has a large and active community, which means extensive documentation, many third-party libraries, and strong community support. This makes it easier to find solutions to problems and stay up to date with best practices.

Developer Tools:

React Developer Tools provide powerful browser extensions that help developers test, debug, and profile React applications easily effectively.

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Disadvantages of React:

Learning curve:

For beginners, the learning curve can be steep, especially if they are new to concepts like JSX, virtual DOM, and linking one-way data. Additionally, the ecosystem is evolving rapidly, requiring developers to stay up to date.

JSX Syntax:

JSX, although powerful and expressive, can seem strange to developers used to working with traditional HTML. This can cause a steep learning curve, and some developers may find JSX harder to read.

Tooling complexity:

The React ecosystem has many different tools and build configurations. Setting up a React project using tools like Webpack and Babel can be complicated for beginners, and maintaining build configurations can require ongoing effort.

SEO Challenge:

React apps rely heavily on client-side rendering. While server-side rendering (SSR) is possible, implementing it correctly can be difficult, and optimizing for SEO may require additional effort.

High development speed:

React develops rapidly and new features are introduced regularly. While this is an advantage in terms of innovation, it can be a challenge for projects with tight deadlines as developers have to stay up to date with the latest changes.

Integration Issues:

Integrating React into existing projects, especially those using different frameworks or libraries, can pose challenges. The integration process can be smoother in projects built entirely with React.

Flux Architecture Complexity:

Although Flux and Redux provide effective state management solutions for complex applications, they can introduce higher complexity, especially for simpler applications where simpler state management may suffice.

It’s important to note that React’s advantages and disadvantages can be subjective and depend on factors such as project requirements, team expertise, and specific use cases. React is a powerful tool and many of its shortcomings can be mitigated through experience and best practices.

4. What do you use for JavaScript styling?

Ans: To style JavaScript applications, several popular methods and tools are available. The decision is frequently influenced by the project’s specifications, team preferences, and specific applications.
Here are some popular options:

1. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):

Description:

Traditional CSS is a styling language used to describe the appearance and formatting of a document written in HTML or XML.

Advantages:

• Simple and widely applicable.
• Clear separation of concerns (HTML for structure, CSS for style).

Disadvantages:

• Limited modularity and reusability.
• Global scope can lead to naming conflicts.

2. CSS preprocessors (e.g. Sass, Less, Stylus):

Description:

Preprocessors that extend CSS with features like variables, nested rules, and functions.

Advantages:

• The code is easier to maintain and read.
• Variables and mixins improve reusability.

Disadvantages:

• Requires a compilation step.
• Learning curve for new syntax features.

3. CSS-in-JS libraries (e.g. Styled Components, Emotion):

Description: These libraries allow you to write CSS directly in a JavaScript file, which is usually limited to the component level.

Advantages:

• Encapsulate types at the component level.
• Dynamic styling based on props or state.

Disadvantages:

• New syntax learning process.
• Some developers may find this unusual.

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4. Widget-first CSS framework (e.g. Tailwind CSS):

Description: The widget-first framework provides a set of predefined widget classes that you can compose to create part.

Advantages:

• Fast development with consistent style.
• No need to write custom CSS for many common styles.

Disadvantages:

• Utility class syntax learning curve.
• Limited customization without additional CSS.

5. CSS Modules:

Description: CSS module allows you to write modular CSS and extended CSS by creating unique class names for each module.

Advantages:

• Extensible style, avoids global conflicts.
• modular and reusable CSS.

Disadvantages:

• Requires a build step for packaging.
• Some developers may prefer other solutions.

6. Tailwind CSS:

Description: Tailwind CSS is a widget-focused CSS framework that provides a set of pre-designed widget classes.

Pros:

• Extremely customizable and configurable.
• Grow quickly with consistent style.

Cons:

• Utility class syntax learning curve.
• Some developers may prefer traditional CSS.

7. BEM (Block Element Modifier):

Description: BEM is a naming convention for CSS classes intended to make code more readable and maintainable by providing clear structure clear for class name.

Advantages:

• Naming conventions are structured and well defined.
• Promote maintainability and reusability.

Disadvantages:

• Longer class names can be verbose.
• Some developers may prefer other approaches.

8. JSS (JavaScript Stylesheet):

Description: JSS is a JavaScript library for styling React applications. It allows you to write styles as objects directly in your JavaScript file.

Advantages:

• Limited scope styles at component level.
• Dynamic styling based on props or state.

Disadvantages:

• New syntax learning curve.
• Some developers may prefer other solutions.

5. How can you prevent a bot from scraping a publicly accessible API?

Ans: Preventing data collection altogether is a challenge, especially when it comes to publicly available APIs. However, you can take measures to prevent data collection and make it harder for bots to access and collect data. Remember that determined attackers can always find ways to circumvent these measures.

Here are some strategies to minimize data collection efforts:

1. API key authentication:

Require an API key to access your API. This adds a layer of authentication and allows you to track usage. You can monitor and restrict access based on usage patterns and revoke keys if abuse is detected.

2. Rate limiting:

Implement rate limiting to limit the number of requests a user or IP address can make in a given period of time. This helps prevent abuse by limiting data retrieval speeds.

3. User agent filtering:

Scans user agent headers in incoming requests and blocks requests that appear to come from known bots or search engines. However, be aware that the User-Agent header can be easily spoofed.

4. CAPTCHA challenge:

Incorporate a CAPTCHA challenge for suspicious or excessive requests. While this can be an effective deterrent, it can also annoy legitimate users.

5. Session tokens or cookies:

Use session tokens or cookies to authenticate and track user sessions. Bots may have difficulty handling session-based authentication.

6. Traffic Monitoring and Analysis:

Regularly monitor and analyze your API traffic to detect unusual patterns or spikes in usage.
Perform anomaly detection to identify potential data collection activities.

7. Honeypots:

Introduce hidden or fake data (honeypots) that legitimate users should not access. If requests are made to these resources, this may indicate crawling efforts.

8. Legal remedies:

Clearly define and communicate the conditions of use of your API. Include usage policies in your API documentation. If data collection violates your terms of service, you can take legal action against violators.

9. Encryption (HTTPS):

Make sure your API is accessible over HTTPS to encrypt data in transit. This helps prevent eavesdropping and unauthorized interception of data.

10. Monitor and respond:

Implement monitoring systems to detect unusual activity or traffic spikes. Be prepared to respond quickly to block or mitigate scraping attempts.

Always keep in mind that no solution is perfect and determined attackers may find ways to circumvent these measures. The goal is to increase the effort and complexity required for scraping, making it less attractive and easier to detect. Always balance security measures with the impact on legitimate users and services.

Q9. What is a RESTful API?

Ans: RESTful API (Representational State Transfer) is an architectural style for designing networked applications. It was introduced by Roy Fielding in his doctoral thesis in 2000. RESTful APIs are widely used to create web services because they provide a simple and lightweight way to communicate between systems over HTTP .

Key principles and characteristics of RESTful APIs include:

1. Stateless communication:

Each request from the client to the server contains all the information necessary to understand and process request. The server does not store any information about the client state between requests.

2. Resource-based:

Resources are identified by a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) ​​and interactions with the resource are performed using standard HTTP methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE). Resources can represent entities such as objects, services, or data.

3. Unified interface:

RESTful APIs have a unified and consistent interface, which simplifies the architecture and makes it more scalable. The unified interface is defined by a set of constraints, including resource identification, manipulation through representations, and self-describing messages.

4. Representation:

A resource can have multiple representations (e.g. JSON, XML, HTML) and the client and server can negotiate the representation format. The representation includes both data and metadata about the resource.

5. Stateless server:

The server does not store any client state. Each request from the client to the server must contain all the information necessary to understand and process the request. This constraint simplifies the server and improves scalability.

6. Stateless communication:

Each request from the client to the server contains all the information necessary to understand and process the request. The server does not store any information about the client state between requests.

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7. Hypermedia as a tool of application state (HATEOAS):

HATEOAS is a constraint in REST stating that communication between client and server must be controlled by hypermedia (bindings) due to The application provides flexibility. The client interacts entirely with the application through hypermedia dynamically provided by the application server.

RESTful APIs are commonly used for web services, providing a scalable and standardized way for different systems to communicate over the web. They are widely adopted due to their simplicity, scalability, and ease of integration with different technologies. Popular web services, such as those provided by Twitter, GitHub, and many others, follow RESTful principles.

 

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