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Databases, scripts, and website architecture are all created by back-end developers. To offer server-side logic to the user interface elements, front-end and back-end engineers collaborate. The Back-End Interview questions provided here can be useful for both recruiters and back-end developers, whether you’re a recruiter seeking to fill a position or a back-end developer looking for work. You can ask additional back-end interview questions or, if necessary, look for answers to questions that are similar once you have a general understanding of the questions.
For the purpose of making your next interview flawless, we have put up a thorough list of some back-end interview questions and answers. To aid in progressively increasing back-end knowledge, the questions have been divided into basic, medium, and advanced levels.
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Introduction
The server-side logic and database management of online applications are handled by back-end development, which is an essential component of web development. It’s critical to have a solid understanding of back-end principles, regardless of experience level or if you’re a job seeker getting ready for an interview.
The web runs because back-end software development makes it possible for users to connect to the databases that make up the internet. Organisations that depend on computers for business operations receive vital services from back-end developers who are knowledgeable in programming languages, databases, caches, servers, and APIs.
Difference between Front-end and Back-end
1: Which of the following is a JavaScript framework/library?
Within the field of web development, front-end and back-end development differ in their respective roles and areas of focus. While back-end development concentrates on constructing the internal framework that supports a website or application’s functionality and data management. Front-end development concentrates on developing the user-facing elements of such projects.
Front-end Development
- The front end of a website refers to the area where users interact with it directly.
- It’s also known as the “application’s client side.”
- It consists of all the elements that users interact with directly, such as buttons, colours, styles and colours of text, graphics, tables and graphs, and a navigation menu.
- Front End development uses three languages: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Performance and responsiveness are the two primary goals of the front end.
- The website must be responsive, meaning that it should display properly on all types of devices, according to the developer. Regardless of screen size, no portion of the page should act strangely.
Back-end Development
- The website’s server side is known as the backend.
- It organises and saves data and ensures that the client side of the website functions properly. It is a section of the website that is hidden from view and inaccessible.
- It’s the part of the programme that doesn’t interact directly with users. Through a front-end application, users can indirectly access the features and components created by backend designers.
- The backend also includes tasks like writing APIs, building libraries, and interacting with system components devoid of user interfaces or even scientific programming systems.
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Back-End Interview Questions & Answers
It is probable that you may be asked interview questions that will demonstrate the depth of your expertise. Your ability to sell yourself and your skills during the back-end developer interview could make all the difference. Honesty is valued by employers, who frequently want to observe how you handle circumstances requiring investigation and information collection.
Make sure you familiarise yourself with the fundamentals of back-end development before the interview. Acquiring knowledge about interviewing best practices and practicing answering interview questions are also beneficial. Here are a few sample questions and sample answers for back-end development interviews:
Q1. Describe the back-end’s function.
Answer: A website or app is powered by the back-end, also referred to as the server-side software. It is in charge of managing user requests, storing and organising data, and sending content to the front end.
Q2. List the main duties related to back-end development that you had in your prior position.
Answer: This question aids the recruiter in determining whether the applicant is qualified for the position applied for or the company. On the other hand, this can make it easier for the applicant to land the position. Among the important duties that applicants might list are database construction and server enhancements.
Q3. Tell us about the last time you worked as a team.
Answer: Back-end developers must collaborate with others in a team. Candidates should be ready to provide a few instances of their group work while responding to interview questions.
As a developer, you can discuss past collaborations to accomplish tasks with other developers and the technologies they employed for team communication.
Q4. Can you stay focused on your tasks even while you’re in a faraway location?
Answer: This allows interviewers to determine whether candidates can finish tasks alone. They can explain the turnaround time for various jobs to developers.
Q5. As a remote developer, how do you get over the obstacles of time management and organisational skills?
Answer: This inquiry expands on the one that came before it. Here, interviewers are looking to determine if you can manage your time well and finish assignments on time. You might mention the tools you use, including Calendar, Excel sheets, and Slack. You might talk about the resources you’ve been using to stay on course. This inquiry reflects the interviewee’s level of seriousness about working remotely and their willingness to tackle the obstacles they face every day.
Q6. What support can we provide to enable you to carry out your duties effectively?
Answer: In order to gauge a candidate’s work ethic, as an interviewer you can inquire about any tools they might require to do the task quickly (software access, for example). Additionally, you can discuss whatever you think is important for a developer to know in order to operate effectively and efficiently in remote contexts.
Q7. What is the normal procedure for adding a new feature to the back end?
Answer: The processes utilised to put features into place on the back end could change based on the technological stack that the business employs. Talking with stakeholders about the feature, developing and prototyping it, writing code, and quality assurance (QA) would be the usual approach.
In most cases, the front-end and back-end developers collaborate to make sure that data is sent between the client and server correctly. Verifying that new features work with earlier iterations of the programme is also crucial.
Q8. Describe a web server.
Answer: A machine that delivers and saves online pages is known as a web server. A web browser requests a page from a web server when you enter a URL into it. The web server then sends the page back to the browser, displaying it on the screen.
Two of the most popular web servers used by back-end applications are NGINX and Apache. Videos and photos are among the additional items that web servers can hold.
Q9. What are the principles of DRY and DIE?
Answer: Software engineers are required by the DRY principle (Don’t Repeat Yourself) to avoid duplicating code. Because duplicate code requires repeated updates, it might lead to maintenance issues. DIE (Duplication Is Evil) goes one step further and says that even tiny quantities of duplication should be avoided, much like the DRY concept.
Q10. What makes GET and POST different from one another?
Answer: Data is retrieved from a web server via a GET query. Data is sent to a web server via a POST query. Parameters in the URL are passed via a GET request. In a POST request, the body of the request contains the arguments.
Q11. Recognise the differences between software design and software architecture.
Answer:
- The structure of a programme is referred to as software architecture.
- It can therefore be thought of as the basic framework of a programme.
- The actual process of putting the code for the software requirements into practice is referred to as software design.
- Software design, then, can be thought of as the process of actually creating the programme, and software architecture as the program’s blueprint.
- Software design delves deeply into the specifics of development.
- Software design and architecture are two distinct processes that combine to provide an integrated development process.
Q12. How may a software programme be made to be scalable?
Answer: Scalability is a crucial factor to take into account when trying to increase productivity, particularly when it comes to meeting increasing user expectations and adjusting features and aspects to handle larger volumes of user data. The scalability of a software programme must be examined in order to ascertain its lifetime value.
The application needs to be rewritten with a new tech stack that can accommodate the audience expansion because it is not scalable. Features like caching, states, API, sort, and asynchronous programming can improve a program’s scalability. Furthermore, certain tools are not as scalable as others, such as databases and frameworks.
Q13. Why is the architecture of Microservices used?
Answer: One characteristic of microservices architecture is the incorporation of multiple tiny, independently deployable services into a single application. Because distinct services can be written in a variety of programming languages, it increases the operation’s versatility. As a result, several languages can be used for various purposes.
Because the services are loosely coupled despite being integrated, maintenance is also made easier. Larger teams prefer and operate well with the microservices architecture approach, although it may not be without its share of difficulties, such as debugging.
Q14. How do NoSQL databases work? Name a few varieties of NoSQL databases.
Answer: The internet has grown more complicated as a result of the growth of big data. This issue is resolved by NoSQL databases. Relational and traditional database management solutions are not the same as NoSQL databases.
NoSQL is an acronym for “Not Only SQL.” Nearly 85% of the increasing amounts of data are disorderly, complex, and unstructured. Such information is handled and sorted by NoSQL databases. Consequently, NoSQL provides a framework for storing and retrieving data that is not modelled using tabular relations as in the Relational Database Management System (RDBMS), but rather using different methods.
NoSQL databases types are:
- Graph
- Key-value
- Document oriented
- Column-oriented
Q15. Describe SQL Injection.
Answer: By inserting harmful code or hacker code into your database, a SQL injection might corrupt the database. This happens as a result of the user input and programme code not being sufficiently separated. One prevalent kind of injection attack on databases is SQL injection.
Q.16 Distinguish between functional and acceptability testing.
Answer:
Functional testing: It is the process of determining whether or not a product—particularly an application—is operating in accordance with specifications. It determines if the developed software satisfies the requirements of the business.
Acceptance testing: This process verifies whether the product you developed is the right one. It demonstrates that the product satisfies the needs of the user. Acceptance tests make that the product is being used for its intended purpose and that the user, or customer, is genuinely benefiting from it.
Q17. Distinguish between indexes that are grouped and those that are not?
Answer:
- The rows are physically stored on the disc via a clustered index in the index’s order of appearance. Consequently, there can be only one clustered index. The database is instructed to store values that are near to one another on the disc by a clustered index.
- A second list containing links to the actual rows is part of the non-clustered index. Multiple non-clustered indexes are possible, and the time required to write new data rises with each additional index.
- Reading from a clustered index is quicker if every column is required in its original form. It’s not necessary to visit the table and index in that order. Writing to a table with a clustered index can, however, make rearranging the data more difficult.
Q18. What does “denormalization” imply to you?
Answer: One method for getting data from higher to lower forms of a database is denormalization. Adding duplicate data to tables helps database managers increase the overall infrastructure’s efficiency. By combining database queries that combine data from several tables into one, it adds redundant data to a table.
Q19. Which kinds of Java exceptions are there?
Answer: Java exceptions can be classified as either checked or unchecked. The programmer handles checked exceptions during compilation if the compiler looks for them. If not, there is a compilation error. Try-catch or re-throwing can be used to handle these exceptions. Taking care of an unchecked exception is not required.
Q20. How do MySQL and SQL vary from one another?
Answer: Databases can be accessed using a computer language called SQL (Structured Query Language). SQL is the core language of MySQL, a relational database management system. MySQL is used to store and retrieve data from databases, whereas SQL is used to create, edit, and remove databases.
Q21. What kinds of subsets are there in SQL?
Answer:
- Data Definition Language (DDL): This lets you do things like CREATE, ALTER, and DELETE in the database.
- Data Manipulation Language (DML): Data access and modification are made possible by the Data Manipulation Language (DML). You can use it to add, modify, and remove data from the database.
- Data Control Language (DCL): With the use of data control language (DCL), you may manage the creation, modification, and removal of database objects like tables and views as well as the definition and manipulation of data, including assigning and removing user access rights.
Q22. List a few benefits of using web services.
Answer:
The following are benefits of using web services:
- Interoperability: HTTP/SOAP protocols allow web services to be used and accessed across a network. Web services employ XML/JSON to convey data, so they can be rendered in a variety of computer languages. For instance, a Java web service can be designed in any programming language because it can be accessed via the network, employs the HTTP/SOAP protocol, and transports data using XML and JSON. PHP can be used as the client and Java can be used to write web services, and vice versa.
- Reusability: The same web service can be used concurrently by numerous client applications.
- Loose Coupling: Because the client code for web services is independent of the server code, applications may use loose coupling.
- Similar to web apps, it is simple to integrate and deploy.
- There are multiple concurrent versions of the service available.
Q23. Distinguish between indexes that are grouped and those that are not?
Answer:
- The rows are physically stored on the disc via a clustered index in the index’s order of appearance. Consequently, there can be only one clustered index. The database is instructed to store values that are near to one another on the disc by a clustered index.
- A second list containing links to the actual rows is part of the non-clustered index. Multiple non-clustered indexes are possible, and the time required to write new data rises with each additional index.
- Reading from a clustered index is quicker if every column is required in its original form. It’s not necessary to visit the table and index in that order. Writing to a table with a clustered index can, however, make rearranging the data more difficult.
Q24. What is the theorem of CAP?
Answer: A distributed database system can only guarantee two of the three characteristics: consistency, availability, and partition tolerance, according to the CAP theorem, also referred to as Brewer’s theorem.
The basis of contemporary distributed computing techniques is this theorem. This foundation is used by the biggest traffic firms in the world (including Amazon, Google, and Facebook) for their application architecture.
Q25. What is meant by REST?
Answer: The software architecture known as Representational States Transfer, or REST, outlines the proper functioning of an API. The original purpose of REST was to offer a framework for controlling communication across intricate networks, such as the internet.
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