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How does the interview process for a position as a Full-Stack Developer work? Especially if this is your first time on the hot seat, it is normal to feel nervous at first. A Full Stack Development role is among the most sought-after and well-liked careers in the digital sector.
Full-stack developers are professionals with a broad variety of skill sets and knowledge, in addition to specialising in front-end and back-end development. One of the most significant jobs in technology due to its high level of responsibility is software development, and firms are willing to pay much for people with the necessary skill set and variety of knowledge.
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What is Full-stack Web Development
The process of planning, building, testing, and launching an entire web application from beginning to end is known as full stack development. It entails using a variety of tools and technologies, such as database development, front-end web development, and back-end web development. Additionally, a software engineer or developer who works on both the front and back ends of a website or application is referred to as full stack developers. Working with the front-end and back-end technologies that drive a website or application is something that a full-stack developer is accustomed to.
Who is a Full-stack Developer?
A person with the ability to design both client and server software is known as a full-stack web developer. In other words, full-stack engineers are knowledgeable about every technology involved in creating a website. Front-end developers are responsible for creating and designing client-side (front-end) web architecture and server-side (back-end) applications. They also collaborate with graphic designers to create web design elements, develop RESTful services and APIs, test and debug software, make sure it is cross-platform compatible, and more.
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Why Choose Full-stack Web Development
1: Which of the following is a JavaScript framework/library?
Since full-stack engineers frequently oversee the whole web application development process from beginning to end, they need to be extremely knowledgeable about all the tools and technologies used in web development. Since developing a website is usually a team effort, they must also collaborate well with others.
A solid foundation in web development technologies, including HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, is possessed by the majority of full-stack engineers. Additionally, they have knowledge of server-side technologies like Node.js, Ruby on Rails, and PHP. Full-stack engineers are technically proficient, but they also have a profound understanding of how a website or application’s various components function as a whole.
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Start Learning With EMI Payment OptionsFull Stack Developer Interview Questions for Freshers
Q1. What is multithreading?
Q2. Explain CI (Continuous Integration)?
Q3. What is event loop in Node.js?
Q4. Differentiate between Node.Js and Django?
Answer:
| Node.Js | Django |
| Web applications can be developed using an open-source framework called Node.Js, which is based on JavaScript. | One kind of Python-based open-source framework for creating web applications is called Django. |
| C, CPP, and JavaScript are the three programming languages used in the development of the Node.Js framework. | The Python programming language is used in the development of the Django framework. |
| Applications created with Node.Js are more scalable than those created with Django. | Compared to apps created using Node.Js, those created with Django are less scalable. |
| The idea of event-driven programming is used by Node.Js. | When developing, Django adheres to the Model View Template architecture principle. |
Q5. Differentiate between GET and POST.
| GET | POST |
|---|---|
| Using an API URL, one can use this method to request data from a specific site. | Using an API URL, this technique is used to write or transmit data to a designated resource for processing. |
| A URL can have up to 2048 characters if you use the GET method to deliver data. The data is added to the URL. As a result, its data length is limited. | It doesn’t put such restrictions in place. |
| Since data is sent as part of the URL, GET is less secure than POST. Sensitive data, such as passwords, should never be provided over GET. | Because the parameters are not saved in the web server logs or the browser history, using POST is a little safer than using GET. |
| All users have access to the data via the URL. | The URL displays no info at all. |
Q6. Define Restful API and its uses?
Q7. What is MEAN Stack?
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Q8. Are you aware of how to stop a bot from grabbing data from your openly accessible API?
Q9. Which programming language do full-stack developers prefer?
Answer: Programming languages are used by Full Stack Developers in many languages. A candidate should ideally be multilingual, with some languages being useful for front-end design and others for back-end maintenance. Full Stack developers need to be fluent in two or three of the most widely used languages, including Java, Python, Ruby, PHP, C++, and others, because they work with a wide range of technologies and applications.
Q10. What is Pair Programming?
Q11. Define CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)?
Q12. Explain Callback Hell?
Q13. What is the difference between GraphQL and REST?
Answer:
| GraphQL | REST |
|---|---|
| It is an API query language that allows clients to choose which data to receive from the API using declarative data fetching. | It is an architectural style for API architecture that establishes a set of guidelines for building online services. |
| GraphQL has a reputation for being quite predictable. This allows you to send queries to your API and receive precise responses, eliminating the need to supply unnecessary information. | On the other hand, the HTTP and URI techniques that are utilised determine how REST behaves. As a result, API users might not know what to anticipate when contacting an endpoint. |
| GraphQL can guarantee API security, although its security features aren’t as developed as REST’s. For example, GraphQL helps with data validation integration, but users are responsible for implementing authorization and authentication mechanisms. | REST can be used to enforce API security in a number of ways. To guarantee REST API security, you can use a variety of authentication techniques, like HTTP authentication. |
| You only need to make one API call to obtain everything you require when using GraphQL. There is no need to over- or under-fetch because you can define the structure of the information you require, and the server will return the same structure to you. | As such, you can receive undesirable data or have to make several queries before receiving the correct data because REST APIs have strict data structures that only ever supply the requested data when they are accessed. These flaws can thereby cause the server’s response time (to return information) to increase. |
| Only the JSON format is supported. | There is support for XML, YAML, JSON, HTML, and more formats. |
| Multiple microservices and mobile applications are GraphQL’s primary use cases. | Resource-driven and basic apps are the primary uses for rest. |
Q14. What is MEAN stack and MERN stack?
Answer:
MEAN stack: Angular, Node.js, Express.js, and MongoDB comprise the MEAN stack.
MERN stack: MongoDB, Express.js, React.js, and Node.js comprise the MERN stack.
- MEVN: Node.js, Express.js, Vue.js, and MongoDB. Full-stack applications may be developed successfully and efficiently with MEVN. It is a MERN and MEAN on-the-go substitute.
- PHP, MySQL, Apache, and Linux make up LAMP. It is among the most widely used stacks for developing cloud-based applications.
- PERN is Express.Js, React.Js, Node.Js, and PostgreSQL. Applications based on CRUD operations are developed using PERN.
Q15. Define scope in Angular Js?
Answer: The term “scope” in Angular.js describes the binding portion that sits between the JavaScript controller and the HTML view. It also includes the objects and data for the application. The scope in Angular.Js comes in two varieties:
- $scope – A JavaScript object called $scope is used to facilitate communication between the controller and the view. In essence, $scope links a view (DOM element) to the controller’s methods and ViewModel.
- $rootScope – The highest scope in Angular is $rootScope.$rootScope is Js. An application can only have one $rootScope, which is shared by every component. It functions similarly to a global variable as a result. The $rootScope is the parent of all other $scopes.
Q16. Explain the term “Replication” in MongoDB?
Answer: In MongoDB, replication is the process of synchronising data across several servers. Replication provides redundancy and increases data availability by creating several copies of the data on different database servers. A database is protected by replication from the loss of a single server. Replication can also help users recover from service outages and device malfunctions. One copy of the data can be designated by users for backup, reporting, or disaster recovery.
Q17. Is there a way to decrease the load time of a web application?
Answer:
- Image Optimization: The file size of an image can be dramatically reduced by switching to a different file format. For example, GIFs work well for images with few colors, such as logos, JPEG is ideal for images with lots of colors and details, such as photographs, and PNG format is ideal for transparent images with high quality.
- Keep JavaScript and CSS in external files: Embedding JavaScript and CSS in HTML documents forces them to be downloaded every time the HTML document is loaded. In this case, browser caching is not utilized, and the HTML document becomes larger. This is why you should always place CSS and JavaScript in external files; it is a best practice and simplifies maintenance.
- Reducing redirects: Too many redirects will delay the loading time of a website. HTTP requests and responses are delayed each time a page redirects. Getting rid of unnecessary redirects on your site will reduce the load time of your site significantly.
- Load CSS and JavaScript files asynchronously: Your website contains CSS and JavaScript files that can be loaded either synchronously or asynchronously. As part of synchronous loading, each file is loaded sequentially, in the order it appears on your site. As opposed to synchronous loading, asynchronous loading allows multiple files to be loaded simultaneously, boosting the performance of a website.
- Minify HTML, CSS, and JavaScript: If you optimize the way your files load, your pages will load more quickly. You can do the same when it comes to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code. By eliminating unnecessary spaces, characters, and comments, you can reduce the size of your files. This will make your web pages load faster.
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Q18. State difference between blue/green deployment and rolling deployment.
- Blue-Green Deployment Strategy:
A deployment strategy like this creates two separate infrastructure environments i.e., blue and green. A blue environment contains older code (old version), while a green environment (production) contains the latest code (new version). There is only one live production environment at any given time.
Example: For instance, the green environment is live and is receiving all user traffic, while the clone (blue) is idle. Once a new version of an application is ready for release, it can be deployed to the blue environment for testing. As soon as the new release passes testing, application traffic is switched from green to blue. Blue then becomes the live production environment, and Green becomes idle, ready for testing the next release.
- Rolling Deployment Strategy
Using this deployment strategy, old versions of an application are completely replaced with the new versions by completely replacing the infrastructure on which they run.
Example: When a new version must be deployed to all nodes, the new version is deployed to the first node while all other nodes handle end-user traffic. As soon as the new version is successfully installed on the first node, it will begin managing end-user traffic while the new version is being installed on the second node. The process is repeated until all nodes have been successfully upgraded to the new version.
Q19. In Java, what is a connection leak? How can you fix this?
Q20. What is Promise and explain its states?
- Pending: In its initial state, neither fulfilled nor rejected.
- Fulfilled: Indicating that the operation was successful.
- Rejected: Indicating that the operation failed
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