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Home Articles

Important Scientific Laws – An Insight

by Fathimath Thahseen
July 18, 2021
in Articles, General Knowledge
Important Scientific Laws
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Table of Contents

  • What is a Scientific Law ?
  • Are Scientific Laws and Theories the Same ?
  • List of Important Scientific Laws
  • Important Scientific Laws & Statements
  • Concluding Note

Science is present everywhere around us. Being the essential element of life, the basic knowledge of Science is imperative for every individual. Science is based on laws, theories, facts, research and hypotheses. In other words, we sometimes refer to science as the way of pursuing knowledge and not merely knowledge. Deeply associated with Science are the scientific laws that are derived by continuous experiments and observations on a particular subject. As it forms one of the major parts of learning Science, it is essential to know about the Important Scientific Laws. So, in this article, let us discuss all about the Important Scientific Laws. Also, at the end of the section, get to download a free PDF of the list of all important scientific laws also.

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What is a Scientific Law ?

To begin with, scientific laws or simply the laws of science are mere statements that are deduced by continuous and repeated experiments as well as observations which are used commonly to chronicle or foresee a natural situation. The term law is of broad spectrum- i.e, used in physics, chemistry and biology alike. Usually scientists use data to develop laws. However, it may or may not be based on  empirical evidence.

Properties of a Scientific Law

  • Simple
  • Universal
  • Absolute
  • Stable
  • Exhaustive

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Are Scientific Laws and Theories the Same ?

No, Scientific Laws are different from Scientific Theories.

Scientific Laws are different from Scientific Theories in the sense that laws are narrower than theories. While a law tends to explain only what happens when two forces meet, scientific theories do tell us much more. A scientific theory explains the “What” and “How” of a natural occurrence.

However, both scientific laws and scientific theories shall be considered as facts in common. Meanwhile, with ample evidence, a law or a theory can be falsified.

List of Important Scientific Laws

General Science is one common subject that is usually seen in competitive examinations. When you begin the preparation for any such examination, the right study material is always important and necessary. The basics of scientific laws and their founding scientists details is a repeated section in the competitive exams. Therefore, in this section of the article, we will provide you with the list of important scientific laws from physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science, etc that prove the existence of major phenomena in nature, time and again. Check out the list here.

Sl no Name of the Law Name of the Inventor Domain
1 Amdahl’s law Gene Amdahl Computer science
2 Ampère’s circuital law André-Marie Ampère Physics
3 Archie’s law Gus Archie Geology
4 Archimedes’s principle

 

Archimedes Physics

 

5 Avogadro’s law Amedeo Avogadro Thermodynamics
6 Benford’s law Frank Benford Mathematics
7 Beer–Lambert law August Beer, Johann Heinrich Lambert Optics
8 Bernoulli’s principle Daniel Bernoulli Physical sciences
9 Biot–Savart law Jean Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart Electromagnetics, fluid dynamics
10 Birch’s law Francis Birch Geophysics
11 Boltzmann equation Ludwig Boltzmann Thermodynamics
12 Born’s law Max Born Quantum mechanics
13 Boyle’s law Robert Boyle Thermodynamics
14 Bragg’s Law William Lawrence Bragg, William Henry Bragg Physics
15 Bradford’s law Samuel C. Bradford Computer science
16 Buys Ballot’s law C.H.D. Buys Ballot Meteorology
17 Byerlee’s law James Byerlee Geophysics
18 Charles’s law Jacques Charles Thermodynamics
19 Coulomb’s law Charles Augustin de Coulomb Physics
20 Curie’s law Pierre Curie Physics
21 Curie–Weiss law Pierre Curie and Pierre-Ernest Weiss Physics
22 D’Alembert’s principle Jean le Rond d’Alembert Fluid dynamics, Physics
23 Dalton’s law John Dalton Thermodynamics
24 Darcy’s law Henry Darcy Fluid mechanics
25 De Morgan’s law Augustus De Morgan Logic
26 Dermott’s law Stanley Dermott Celestial mechanics
27 Doppler effect Christian Doppler Physics
28 Einstein’s theory of relativity                 Albert Einstein Physics
29 Faraday’s law of induction Michael Faraday Electromagnetism

 

30 Faraday’s law of electrolysis Michael Faraday Chemistry
31 Faxén’s law Hilding Faxén Fluid dynamics
32 Fick’s law of diffusion Adolf Fick Thermodynamics
33 Fitts’s law Paul Fitts Ergonomics
34 Fourier’s law Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier Thermodynamics
35 Gauss’s law Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss Mathematics, Physics
36 Gay-Lussac’s law Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac Chemistry
37 Graham’s law Thomas Graham Thermodynamics
38 Green’s law George Green Fluid dynamics
39 Gustafson’s law John L. Gustafson Computer science
40 Henry’s law William Henry Thermodynamics
41 Hess’s law Germain Henri Hess Thermodynamics
42 Hooke’s law Robert Hooke Physics
43 Hopkinson’s law John Hopkinson Electromagnetism
44 Hubble’s law Edwin Hubble Cosmology
45 Joule’s laws James Joule Physics
46 Jurin’s law James Jurin Physics
47 Kasha’s rule Michael Kasha Photochemistry
48 Kepler’s laws of planetary motion Johannes Kepler Astrophysics
49 Kirchhoff’s laws Gustav Kirchhoff Thermodynamics Electronics,
50 Kopp’s law Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp Thermodynamics
51 Lambert’s cosine law Johann Heinrich Lambert Physics
52 Leibniz’s law Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Ontology
53 Lenz’s law Heinrich Lenz Physics
54 Llinás’s law Rodolfo Llinás Neuroscience
55 Marconi’s law Guglielmo Marconi Radio technology
56 Mendel’s laws Gregor Mendel Genetics
57 Metcalfe’s law Robert Metcalfe Network theory
58 Mitscherlich’s law Eilhard Mitscherlich Crystallography,

Condensed matter physics

59 Moore’s law Gordon Moore Computing
60 Newton’s law of cooling Isaac Newton Thermodynamics

 

61 Newton’s law of universal gravitation

 

Isaac Newton Astrophysics

 

62 Newton’s laws of motion Isaac Newton Mechanics
63 Ohm’s law Georg Ohm Electronics
64 Ostwald dilution law Wilhelm Ostwald Physical chemistry
65 Pascal’s law Blaise Pascal Physics

 

66 Planck’s law Max Planck Electromagnetism
67 Poiseuille’s law Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille Fluidics
68 Raoult’s law François-Marie Raoult Physical chemistry
69 Sérsic’s law J. L. Sérsic Astrophysics
70 Snell’s law Willebrord van Roijen Snell Optics
71 Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel Spectroscopy
72 Stefan–Boltzmann law Jožef Stefan and Ludwig Boltzmann Thermodynamics
73 Stokes’s law George Gabriel Stokes Fluid mechanics
74 Stoletov’s law Aleksandr Stoletov Photoelectric effect
75 Titius–Bode law Johann Daniel Titius and Johann Elert Bode Astrophysics
76 Torricelli’s law Evangelista Torricelli Physics
77 Van der Waals equation Johannes Diderik van der Waals Chemistry
78 Wien’s law Wilhelm Wien Physics
79 Young–Laplace equation Thomas Young and Pierre-Simon Laplace Fluid dynamics
80 Zipf’s law George Kingsley Zipf Linguistics

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Important Scientific Laws & Statements

There are many important scientific laws that explain to us the existence of some of the major phenomena. Out of the list mentioned above, here we will state some of the major laws of science. Read it till the end.

Avogadro’s Law

Avogadros’s law states that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volume of all gases contain equal number of molecules.

Archimedes Principle

Archimedes Principle states that whenever a body is submerged partially or wholly in a fluid (either a liquid or gas), it experiences an upward thrust (buoyant force), whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.

Boyle’s Law  

Boyle’s Law  states that at a constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume.

Coulomb’s Law

Coulomb’s Law states that the force of attraction or repulsion between the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Faraday’s Law 

Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction consists of two laws. They are:

  • Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a closed coil changes, an induced e.m.f is produced resulting in a current flow.
  • The induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux.

Gauss’s Law

Gauss’s Law states that the net electric flux associated with any closed surface is always proportional to total electric charge enclosed within it.

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Joule’s Law

Joule’s law states that when current ‘i’ passes through a conductor of resistance ‘r’ then the heat produced is directly proportional to the square of the current as well as its resistance.

Kepler’s laws of Planetary motion is divided into 3 fragments. They are-

  • All the planets in the universe move in elliptical orbits around the sun which is the focus.
  • If we were to draw a line joining the planets , then it would sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time.
  • The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of mean distance between the planet and the sun.

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Kirchhoff’s Law

  • KCL or Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that the current entering the circuit of a node is equal to the current leaving the circuit at the node, provided that it is a closed circuit.
  • KVL or Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that in a closed circuit, the sum total of voltages at the node is always equal to zero.

Newton’s Law

Isaac Newton proposed three laws of motion, widely known as Newton’s Laws of motion.

  • First law of motion states that everybody continues to be in a state of rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
  • Second law of motion states that for an object with constant mass, the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the amount of force applied.
  • Third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s law states that the current flowing through a conductor(between two points) will always be proportional to the voltage across them.

Snell’s Law   

Snell’s law states that the ratio of the sine of the angles of incidence and transmission is equal to the ratio of the refractive indices of the materials at the interface. 

Laws of Reflection

According to Euclid’s Laws of Reflection-

  • The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
  • The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.  

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Free PDF Download of the list of Scientific Laws

In order to help you with the competitive examination preparation, we have provided you with a free PDF containing the list of all major scientific laws along with their inventors and applied domains. You may download it by clicking on the link below.

List of Scientific Laws Free PDF

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Concluding Note

All of the aforementioned laws play a crucial role in Science as well as our daily life. However, none of these scientific laws were structured or formulated in a day. It took scientists many years of repeated trials, experiments and observations to finally put up a scientific law. These scientific laws help us to determine what will be the result of a certain condition, with the help of proven mathematical equations. Meanwhile, let us not forget that, the scientific laws are not permanent and is subject to change if proven otherwise.

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Fathimath Thahseen

Fathimath Thahseen

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