Important Scientific Laws - An Insight

Table of Contents

Science is present everywhere around us. Being the essential element of life, the basic knowledge of Science is imperative for every individual. Science is based on laws, theories, facts, research and hypotheses. In other words, we sometimes refer to science as the way of pursuing knowledge and not merely knowledge. Deeply associated with Science are the scientific laws that are derived by continuous experiments and observations on a particular subject. As it forms one of the major parts of learning Science, it is essential to know about the Important Scientific Laws. So, in this article, let us discuss all about the Important Scientific Laws. Also, at the end of the section, get to download a free PDF of the list of all important scientific laws also.

What is a Scientific Law ?

To begin with, scientific laws or simply the laws of science are mere statements that are deduced by continuous and repeated experiments as well as observations which are used commonly to chronicle or foresee a natural situation. The term law is of broad spectrum- i.e, used in physics, chemistry and biology alike. Usually scientists use data to develop laws. However, it may or may not be based on empirical evidence.

Properties of a Scientific Law

Simple
Universal
Absolute
Stable
Exhaustive

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Are Scientific Laws and Theories the Same ?

No, Scientific Laws are different from Scientific Theories.

Scientific Laws are different from Scientific Theories in the sense that laws are narrower than theories. While a law tends to explain only what happens when two forces meet, scientific theories do tell us much more. A scientific theory explains the “What” and “How” of a natural occurrence.

However, both scientific laws and scientific theories shall be considered as facts in common. Meanwhile, with ample evidence, a law or a theory can be falsified.

List of Important Scientific Laws

General Science is one common subject that is usually seen in competitive examinations. When you begin the preparation for any such examination, the right study material is always important and necessary. The basics of scientific laws and their founding scientists details is a repeated section in the competitive exams. Therefore, in this section of the article, we will provide you with the list of important scientific laws from physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science, etc that prove the existence of major phenomena in nature, time and again. Check out the list here.

Sl no	Name of the Law	Name of the Inventor	Domain
1	Amdahl’s law	Gene Amdahl	Computer science
2	Ampère’s circuital law	André-Marie Ampère	Physics
3	Archie’s law	Gus Archie	Geology
4	Archimedes’s principle	Archimedes	Physics
5	Avogadro’s law	Amedeo Avogadro	Thermodynamics
6	Benford’s law	Frank Benford	Mathematics
7	Beer–Lambert law	August Beer, Johann Heinrich Lambert	Optics
8	Bernoulli’s principle	Daniel Bernoulli	Physical sciences
9	Biot–Savart law	Jean Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart	Electromagnetics, fluid dynamics
10	Birch’s law	Francis Birch	Geophysics
11	Boltzmann equation	Ludwig Boltzmann	Thermodynamics
12	Born’s law	Max Born	Quantum mechanics
13	Boyle’s law	Robert Boyle	Thermodynamics
14	Bragg’s Law	William Lawrence Bragg, William Henry Bragg	Physics
15	Bradford’s law	Samuel C. Bradford	Computer science
16	Buys Ballot’s law	C.H.D. Buys Ballot	Meteorology
17	Byerlee’s law	James Byerlee	Geophysics
18	Charles’s law	Jacques Charles	Thermodynamics
19	Coulomb’s law	Charles Augustin de Coulomb	Physics
20	Curie’s law	Pierre Curie	Physics
21	Curie–Weiss law	Pierre Curie and Pierre-Ernest Weiss	Physics
22	D’Alembert’s principle	Jean le Rond d’Alembert	Fluid dynamics, Physics
23	Dalton’s law	John Dalton	Thermodynamics
24	Darcy’s law	Henry Darcy	Fluid mechanics
25	De Morgan’s law	Augustus De Morgan	Logic
26	Dermott’s law	Stanley Dermott	Celestial mechanics
27	Doppler effect	Christian Doppler	Physics
28	Einstein’s theory of relativity	Albert Einstein	Physics
29	Faraday’s law of induction	Michael Faraday	Electromagnetism
30	Faraday’s law of electrolysis	Michael Faraday	Chemistry
31	Faxén’s law	Hilding Faxén	Fluid dynamics
32	Fick’s law of diffusion	Adolf Fick	Thermodynamics
33	Fitts’s law	Paul Fitts	Ergonomics
34	Fourier’s law	Jean Baptiste Joseph Fourier	Thermodynamics
35	Gauss’s law	Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss	Mathematics, Physics
36	Gay-Lussac’s law	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac	Chemistry
37	Graham’s law	Thomas Graham	Thermodynamics
38	Green’s law	George Green	Fluid dynamics
39	Gustafson’s law	John L. Gustafson	Computer science
40	Henry’s law	William Henry	Thermodynamics
41	Hess’s law	Germain Henri Hess	Thermodynamics
42	Hooke’s law	Robert Hooke	Physics
43	Hopkinson’s law	John Hopkinson	Electromagnetism
44	Hubble’s law	Edwin Hubble	Cosmology
45	Joule’s laws	James Joule	Physics
46	Jurin’s law	James Jurin	Physics
47	Kasha’s rule	Michael Kasha	Photochemistry
48	Kepler’s laws of planetary motion	Johannes Kepler	Astrophysics
49	Kirchhoff’s laws	Gustav Kirchhoff	Thermodynamics Electronics,
50	Kopp’s law	Hermann Franz Moritz Kopp	Thermodynamics
51	Lambert’s cosine law	Johann Heinrich Lambert	Physics
52	Leibniz’s law	Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz	Ontology
53	Lenz’s law	Heinrich Lenz	Physics
54	Llinás’s law	Rodolfo Llinás	Neuroscience
55	Marconi’s law	Guglielmo Marconi	Radio technology
56	Mendel’s laws	Gregor Mendel	Genetics
57	Metcalfe’s law	Robert Metcalfe	Network theory
58	Mitscherlich’s law	Eilhard Mitscherlich	Crystallography, Condensed matter physics
59	Moore’s law	Gordon Moore	Computing
60	Newton’s law of cooling	Isaac Newton	Thermodynamics
61	Newton’s law of universal gravitation	Isaac Newton	Astrophysics
62	Newton’s laws of motion	Isaac Newton	Mechanics
63	Ohm’s law	Georg Ohm	Electronics
64	Ostwald dilution law	Wilhelm Ostwald	Physical chemistry
65	Pascal’s law	Blaise Pascal	Physics
66	Planck’s law	Max Planck	Electromagnetism
67	Poiseuille’s law	Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille	Fluidics
68	Raoult’s law	François-Marie Raoult	Physical chemistry
69	Sérsic’s law	J. L. Sérsic	Astrophysics
70	Snell’s law	Willebrord van Roijen Snell	Optics
71	Sommerfeld–Kossel displacement law	Arnold Sommerfeld and Walther Kossel	Spectroscopy
72	Stefan–Boltzmann law	Jožef Stefan and Ludwig Boltzmann	Thermodynamics
73	Stokes’s law	George Gabriel Stokes	Fluid mechanics
74	Stoletov’s law	Aleksandr Stoletov	Photoelectric effect
75	Titius–Bode law	Johann Daniel Titius and Johann Elert Bode	Astrophysics
76	Torricelli’s law	Evangelista Torricelli	Physics
77	Van der Waals equation	Johannes Diderik van der Waals	Chemistry
78	Wien’s law	Wilhelm Wien	Physics
79	Young–Laplace equation	Thomas Young and Pierre-Simon Laplace	Fluid dynamics
80	Zipf’s law	George Kingsley Zipf	Linguistics

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Important Scientific Laws & Statements

There are many important scientific laws that explain to us the existence of some of the major phenomena. Out of the list mentioned above, here we will state some of the major laws of science. Read it till the end.

Avogadro’s Law

Avogadros’s law states that under the same conditions of temperature and pressure, equal volume of all gases contain equal number of molecules.

Archimedes Principle

Archimedes Principle states that whenever a body is submerged partially or wholly in a fluid (either a liquid or gas), it experiences an upward thrust (buoyant force), whose magnitude is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.

Boyle’s Law

Boyle’s Law states that at a constant temperature, the pressure of a given quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume.

Coulomb’s Law

Coulomb’s Law states that the force of attraction or repulsion between the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged bodies is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Faraday’s Law

Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction consists of two laws. They are:

Whenever the magnetic flux linked with a closed coil changes, an induced e.m.f is produced resulting in a current flow.
The induced e.m.f is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux.

Gauss’s Law

Gauss’s Law states that the net electric flux associated with any closed surface is always proportional to total electric charge enclosed within it.

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Joule’s Law

Joule’s law states that when current ‘i’ passes through a conductor of resistance ‘r’ then the heat produced is directly proportional to the square of the current as well as its resistance.

Kepler’s laws of Planetary motion is divided into 3 fragments. They are-

All the planets in the universe move in elliptical orbits around the sun which is the focus.
If we were to draw a line joining the planets , then it would sweep equal areas in equal intervals of time.
The square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of mean distance between the planet and the sun.

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Kirchhoff’s Law

KCL or Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that the current entering the circuit of a node is equal to the current leaving the circuit at the node, provided that it is a closed circuit.
KVL or Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law states that in a closed circuit, the sum total of voltages at the node is always equal to zero.

Newton’s Law

Isaac Newton proposed three laws of motion, widely known as Newton’s Laws of motion.

First law of motion states that everybody continues to be in a state of rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Second law of motion states that for an object with constant mass, the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the amount of force applied.
Third law of motion states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s law states that the current flowing through a conductor(between two points) will always be proportional to the voltage across them.

Snell’s Law

Snell’s law states that the ratio of the sine of the angles of incidence and transmission is equal to the ratio of the refractive indices of the materials at the interface.

Laws of Reflection

According to Euclid’s Laws of Reflection-

The angle of incidence is always equal to the angle of reflection.
The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at the point of incidence all lie in the same plane.

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Free PDF Download of the list of Scientific Laws

In order to help you with the competitive examination preparation, we have provided you with a free PDF containing the list of all major scientific laws along with their inventors and applied domains. You may download it by clicking on the link below.

List of Scientific Laws Free PDF

Concluding Note

All of the aforementioned laws play a crucial role in Science as well as our daily life. However, none of these scientific laws were structured or formulated in a day. It took scientists many years of repeated trials, experiments and observations to finally put up a scientific law. These scientific laws help us to determine what will be the result of a certain condition, with the help of proven mathematical equations. Meanwhile, let us not forget that, the scientific laws are not permanent and is subject to change if proven otherwise.

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