Table of Contents
What is a function in Python?
The most important concept to understand is that in Python, functions are objects. This means a function can return another function and one function can take another function as an argument. We can also define a function within another function. Functions can also be assigned to a variable.
What are some of the built-in functions and methods in Python?
Here’s a list of valuable built-in Python functions and methods that shorten your code and improve its efficiency. Python’s reduce () function iterates over each item in a list, or any other iterable data type, and returns a single value.
Python Built-in Functions and Methods List with Examples
In this article , we will learn about the useful list of Python built-in functions and methods. Let’s understand what Python built-in functions are. Python built-in functions are those functions which are used to solve everyday programming tasks. These built-in functions are based on the functional programming model. We are going to discuss some of the best Python 3 built-in functions and methods in alphabetical order.
I will tell you about mostly used built-in methods in Python 3 along with the real-world examples. Now the question arises why do we need to check out this list, let me tell you why we need to have a look thoroughly in this useful Python 3 built-in functions list because these built-in functions will help us to solve common programming problems daily.
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Built-in functions in Python
Python 3 offers nearly around 68 built-in functions and methods to make python developers life easy. You can see below mostly used Python built-in methods with examples.
Without further ado, Let’s begin checking out this useful Python 2 | 3 built-in methods cheat sheet.
Python has a set of built-in functions.
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| abs() | Returns the absolute value of a number |
| all() | Returns True if all items in an iterable object are true |
| any() | Returns True if any item in an iterable object is true |
| ascii() | Returns a readable version of an object. Replaces none-ascii characters with escape character |
| bin() | Returns the binary version of a number |
| bool() | Returns the boolean value of the specified object |
| bytearray() | Returns an array of bytes |
| bytes() | Returns a bytes object |
| callable() | Returns True if the specified object is callable, otherwise False |
| chr() | Returns a character from the specified Unicode code. |
| classmethod() | Converts a method into a class method |
| compile() | Returns the specified source as an object, ready to be executed |
| complex() | Returns a complex number |
| delattr() | Deletes the specified attribute (property or method) from the specified object |
| dict() | Returns a dictionary (Array) |
| dir() | Returns a list of the specified object’s properties and methods |
| divmod() | Returns the quotient and the remainder when argument1 is divided by argument2 |
| enumerate() | Takes a collection (e.g. a tuple) and returns it as an enumerate object |
| eval() | Evaluates and executes an expression |
| exec() | Executes the specified code (or object) |
| filter() | Use a filter function to exclude items in an iterable object |
| float() | Returns a floating point number |
| format() | Formats a specified value |
| frozenset() | Returns a frozenset object |
| getattr() | Returns the value of the specified attribute (property or method) |
| globals() | Returns the current global symbol table as a dictionary |
| hasattr() | Returns True if the specified object has the specified attribute (property/method) |
| hash() | Returns the hash value of a specified object |
| help() | Executes the built-in help system |
| hex() | Converts a number into a hexadecimal value |
| id() | Returns the id of an object |
| input() | Allowing user input |
| int() | Returns an integer number |
| isinstance() | Returns True if a specified object is an instance of a specified object |
| issubclass() | Returns True if a specified class is a subclass of a specified object |
| iter() | Returns an iterator object |
| len() | Returns the length of an object |
| list() | Returns a list |
| locals() | Returns an updated dictionary of the current local symbol table |
| map() | Returns the specified iterator with the specified function applied to each item |
| max() | Returns the largest item in an iterable |
| memoryview() | Returns a memory view object |
| min() | Returns the smallest item in an iterable |
| next() | Returns the next item in an iterable |
| object() | Returns a new object |
| oct() | Converts a number into an octal |
| open() | Opens a file and returns a file object |
| ord() | Convert an integer representing the Unicode of the specified character |
| pow() | Returns the value of x to the power of y |
| print() | Prints to the standard output device |
| property() | Gets, sets, deletes a property |
| range() | Returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0 and increments by 1 (by default) |
| repr() | Returns a readable version of an object |
| reversed() | Returns a reversed iterator |
| round() | Rounds a numbers |
| set() | Returns a new set object |
| setattr() | Sets an attribute (property/method) of an object |
| slice() | Returns a slice object |
| sorted() | Returns a sorted list |
| staticmethod() | Converts a method into a static method |
| str() | Returns a string object |
| sum() | Sums the items of an iterator |
| super() | Returns an object that represents the parent class |
| tuple() | Returns a tuple |
| type() | Returns the type of an object |
| vars() | Returns the __dict__ property of an object |
| zip() | Returns an iterator, from two or more iterators |
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on strings.
Note: All string methods returns new values. They do not change the original string.
| Method | Description |
|---|---|
| capitalize() | Converts the first character to upper case |
| casefold() | Converts string into lower case |
| center() | Returns a centered string |
| count() | Returns the number of times a specified value occurs in a string |
| encode() | Returns an encoded version of the string |
| endswith() | Returns true if the string ends with the specified value |
| expandtabs() | Sets the tab size of the string |
| find() | Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found |
| format() | Formats specified values in a string |
| format_map() | Formats specified values in a string |
| index() | Searches the string for a specified value and returns the position of where it was found |
| isalnum() | Returns True if all characters in the string are alphanumeric |
| isalpha() | Returns True if all characters in the string are in the alphabet |
| isascii() | Returns True if all characters in the string are ascii characters |
| isdecimal() | Returns True if all characters in the string are decimals |
| isdigit() | Returns True if all characters in the string are digits |
| isidentifier() | Returns True if the string is an identifier |
| islower() | Returns True if all characters in the string are lower case |
| isnumeric() | Returns True if all characters in the string are numeric |
| isprintable() | Returns True if all characters in the string are printable |
| isspace() | Returns True if all characters in the string are whitespaces |
| istitle() | Returns True if the string follows the rules of a title |
| isupper() | Returns True if all characters in the string are upper case |
| join() | Converts the elements of an iterable into a string |
| ljust() | Returns a left justified version of the string |
| lower() | Converts a string into lower case |
| lstrip() | Returns a left trim version of the string |
| maketrans() | Returns a translation table to be used in translations |
| partition() | Returns a tuple where the string is parted into three parts |
| replace() | Returns a string where a specified value is replaced with a specified value |
| rfind() | Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found |
| rindex() | Searches the string for a specified value and returns the last position of where it was found |
| rjust() | Returns a right justified version of the string |
| rpartition() | Returns a tuple where the string is parted into three parts |
| rsplit() | Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list |
| rstrip() | Returns a right trim version of the string |
| split() | Splits the string at the specified separator, and returns a list |
| splitlines() | Splits the string at line breaks and returns a list |
| startswith() | Returns true if the string starts with the specified value |
| strip() | Returns a trimmed version of the string |
| swapcase() | Swaps cases, lower case becomes upper case and vice versa |
| title() | Converts the first character of each word to upper case |
| translate() | Returns a translated string |
| upper() | Converts a string into upper case |
| zfill() | Fills the string with a specified number of 0 values at the beginning |
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Python Built-in Functions explained
Here is the Python built-in functions list.
abs( )
The abs() function in Python get the positive (absolute) value of a numerical value.
all()
The all() function in python checks if all the items of an iterable are true, else it returns False. The all() method also returns true if the iterable object is empty.
The all() function in python checks if all the items of an iterable are true, else it returns False. The all() method also returns true if the iterable object is empty.
any()
The any() function returns True if any item in an iterable is true, else it returns False. This method returns False if iterable is empty.
The any() function returns True if any item in an iterable is true, else it returns False. This method returns False if iterable is empty.
ascii()
The ascii() function returns a readable representation of an object (Strings, Tuples, Lists, etc.) It replaces non-ascii characters with escape characters.
The ascii() function returns a readable representation of an object (Strings, Tuples, Lists, etc.) It replaces non-ascii characters with escape characters.
bin()
The bin() function converts an integer (number) to a binary string. It prefixed with 0b.
The bin() function converts an integer (number) to a binary string. It prefixed with 0b.
bool()
The bool() function is very helpful in converting an object to a Boolean value. This function returns True, except the object is false, empty, 0 or none.
The bool() function is very helpful in converting an object to a Boolean value. This function returns True, except the object is false, empty, 0 or none.
bytearray()
The bytearray() function is used converts an object into bytearray objects.
The bytearray() function is used converts an object into bytearray objects.
bytes()
The bytes() function is used to convert objects into bytes object.
The bytes() function is used to convert objects into bytes object.
callable()
The callable() function gets True, and if the passed object is callable, else it returns false.
The callable() function gets True, and if the passed object is callable, else it returns false.
chr()
The chr() function gets the string character, which represents the defined unicode.
The chr() function gets the string character, which represents the defined unicode.
compile()
The compile() function compiles the sources into a code.
The compile() function compiles the sources into a code.
complex()
The complex() function forms a complex number | convert string | number to complex number.
The complex() function forms a complex number | convert string | number to complex number.
delattr()
The delattr() function help us to remove the defined attribute from the declared object.
The delattr() function help us to remove the defined attribute from the declared object.
dict()
The dict() function form a new dictionary.
The dict() function form a new dictionary.
dir()
The dir() function gets all the properties and methods of the declared object, and It doesn’t get the values. It even returns the built-in properties which are default for all object.
The dir() function gets all the properties and methods of the declared object, and It doesn’t get the values. It even returns the built-in properties which are default for all object.
divmod()
Gets a tuple including the quotient and remainder when argument1 is divided by argument2.
Gets a tuple including the quotient and remainder when argument1 is divided by argument2.
enumerate( )
It gets an enumerate object for a sequence or iterator.
It gets an enumerate object for a sequence or iterator.
eval()
Allows a legal python program to run python code.
Allows a legal python program to run python code.
exec()
The exec() function executes dynamic python code.
The exec() function executes dynamic python code.
float( )
The float() function transforms a numerical value to floating point.
The float() function transforms a numerical value to floating point.
format()
The format() function transforms the defined value into a specified format.
The format() function transforms the defined value into a specified format.
frozenset()
The frozenset() function gets the unchangeable object.
The frozenset() function gets the unchangeable object.
getattr()
This function gets the value of the defined attribute from the particular object.
This function gets the value of the defined attribute from the particular object.
globals( )
This function gets the dictionary from the current global symbol table.
This function gets the dictionary from the current global symbol table.
hasattr()
This function return True, if the defined object has the mentioned attribute, else it will return False.
This function return True, if the defined object has the mentioned attribute, else it will return False.
hex()
This method converts the numerical value into a hexadecimal value. The returned value comes with the 0x prefix.
This method converts the numerical value into a hexadecimal value. The returned value comes with the 0x prefix.
id()
This method gets a unique id for the defined object, Python provides a unique id to all the objects.
This method gets a unique id for the defined object, Python provides a unique id to all the objects.
input()
A user can define the value using the input() function.
A user can define the value using the input() function.
int()
This function transforms the mentioned value into a numerical value.
This function transforms the mentioned value into a numerical value.
issubclass()
Returns true, if the defined object is a subclass of the defined object, else it will return false.
Returns true, if the defined object is a subclass of the defined object, else it will return false.
iter()
This function gets an iterator object.
This function gets an iterator object.
len()
This method returns the total number of elements in an object if an object is a string type, then the method will return the number of characters from the string.
This method returns the total number of elements in an object if an object is a string type, then the method will return the number of characters from the string.
list()
The function generates a list object which is ordered and changeable.
The function generates a list object which is ordered and changeable.
